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Unit 3　Travel journal 【短文語法填空】 Felicity Miller，a 32yearold British woman，1. has a Chinese husband，still remembers the 2. (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese familys group.The rule in her family was that the person who grabbed the 3. (high) amount sent the next. Attracted by the unique way of municating, many foreigners 4. (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far.Usually，the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab 5. (large) depends on his or her luck，from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan. Many foreigners get more familiar 6. Chinese culture through “red packets”．Two years ago，when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets，she had no clue about the 7. (hide) meanings.Now，she has not only known about them，but also has sent a few. However，the popularity of virtual red packets doesnt stop people sending paper red packets 8. (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It 9. (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition，people take giving children lucky money as 10. blessing. 【語篇解讀】　許多外國(guó)人通過“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。但是真正的紙質(zhì)紅包并未被替代，在春節(jié)時(shí)人們給孩子壓歲錢以表示對(duì)孩子的祝福。 1．who　[考查定語從句。分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為a 32yearold British woman，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語從句。] 2．excitement　[考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處用名詞形式。] 3．highest　[考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，搶到紅包金額最高的人要發(fā)下一個(gè)紅包，故用形容詞最高級(jí)。] 4．have joined　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“so far”，可知，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有許多外國(guó)人被“微信紅包”這一特殊的交流方式吸引，并參與了搶紅包和發(fā)紅包。據(jù)此可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。] 5．largely　[考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞短語“depends on”，故用副詞形式。] 6．with　[考查固定搭配。許多外國(guó)人通過“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。get familiar with為固定搭配，意為“熟悉……”。] 7．hidden　[考查形容詞。Felicity Miller不知道這兩個(gè)數(shù)字后的隱藏意義。根據(jù)空前的冠詞the和空后的名詞meanings可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，故填hidden。] 8．containing　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞。paper red packets和動(dòng)詞contain之間是主謂關(guān)系且contain與句子謂語之間無連詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作名詞paper red packets的后置定語。] 9．is called　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。這種紙質(zhì)的紅包被稱為“壓歲錢”。根據(jù)句意可知，主語It和動(dòng)詞call之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；本句陳述的是一般現(xiàn)象，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。] 10．a(chǎn)　[考查不定冠詞。人們將給孩子壓歲錢作為一種祝福。此處泛指“一種祝?！?，故用不定冠詞。] prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物) (1)prefer(sb.)to do sth.更喜歡(某人)做…… (2) (3) (4)have a preference for 偏愛，喜愛 give preference to 給……以優(yōu)惠；優(yōu)待 ①(教材原句)Which kind of transport do you prefer to use：bus or train? 你更愿意用哪種交通工具：汽車還是火車？ ②He preferred swimming(swim)to skating (skate)． 他喜歡游泳勝過滑冰。 ③My parents preferred me to_go (go) to college. 父母非常想讓我上大學(xué)。 ④I prefer to_stay (stay) home rather than go (go) out on such a rainy day. 在這樣的一個(gè)雨天比起外出我更愿意待在家里。 prefer本身表示“更喜歡”，不能與比較級(jí)連用。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)What’s the author’s preferred (prefer) solution to global warming? persuade vt.說服；勸說 (1)persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade/talk sb.into doing sth.說服某人做某事 persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade/talk sb.out of doing sth.說服某人不做某事 (2)persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 persuade sb.that...使某人相信…… (3)try to persuade sb.to do sth.＝advise sb.to do sth.盡力勸說某人做某事(但未必說服) ①(教材原句)Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. 兩年前，她買了一輛昂貴的山地車，然后說服我也買了一輛。 ②The other day，my husband persuaded (persuade) me not to buy a coat as he thought it was too long.However，the assistant tried hard to_persuade (persuade) me of the good quality and fashionable style of it.Therefore，I couldn’t help being_persuaded (persuade) into buying it.So you can see how easy it is to persuade a woman to_buy/into_buying (buy) things that aren’t suitable for her. 幾天前，丈夫說服我不要買一件大衣因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為太長(zhǎng)。然而，店員盡力讓我相信它的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)和時(shí)尚風(fēng)格。所以，我忍不住被說服買下它。由此你看說服一個(gè)女人買下不適合她的東西是多么容易。 ③單句語法填空(2017北京卷)She would try to persuade local business leaders to_contribute (contribute) to the cause. 　persuade/advise/convince persuade 說服；勸服；使相信 advise 勸說(不一定成功) try to persuade ＝advise convince “使相信；信服；說服”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：convince sb.of sth.或convince sb.that... ④I’ve persuaded him to_stop (stop) smoking by advising (advise) him many times. 通過多次勸告，我說服他戒了煙。 determine vt.& vi.決定；確定；(使)下定決心 (1)determine on/upon 決定 determine to do sth.決定做某事(表示動(dòng)作) determine sb.to do sth.使某人決定做某事 determine＋從句，決定…… (2)determined adj.堅(jiān)決的；有決心的 be determined to do sth.決心做某事(表示狀態(tài)) (3)determination n．決心 ①(教材原句)She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind. 她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。 ②(2016天津卷)Applying my own rule，I determined (determine) to write them in alphabetical (按字母順序)，never letting myself leave out a tough idea. 應(yīng)用我自己的規(guī)則，我決定按字母順序?qū)?，不讓自己漏掉任何一個(gè)難以解決的想法。 ③My sister Lily has_determined/is_determined (determine) to go to Beijing University.She is a determined (determine) girl，so we know that once she has determined on/upon doing something，she will make her dream e true with great determination(determine)． 我的姐姐莉莉決定要上北京大學(xué)。她是一位意志堅(jiān)決的女孩，所以我們知道一旦她決定做某事，她將下定決心使夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。 determine to do sth.在詞義上等于be determined to do sth.但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，類似的短語還有：prepare for/be prepared for; worry about/be worried about。這類結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾榉衷~作狀語的用法。如： ④Determined (determine) never to e back，he rushed out without looking back. 決心再也不回來，他沒回頭看一眼就沖了出去。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)When considering a merger(兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to_determine (determine) when to step in. 【七選五】 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5000 years old.　1　 The spirit of the tea ceremony Xi Hu Long Jing (West Lake Dragon Well) and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.　2　The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware is the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insight into the wisdom of this ancient civilization. 　3　 During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹飪)have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries, such as Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through such innovations as Chinese vegetarian culture, tea culture, vinegar, pasta medicated diets, ceramic tableware, and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 of China’s 5,000-year history.　4　This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventy-four Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century, these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.　5　 A. Chinese cuisine B. Traditional Chinese culture C. It has been the mainstay of this ancient civilization. D. They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E. The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F. This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe, America and Oceania. G. This would provide long lasting benefits for man, helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【備注】文章介紹了三項(xiàng)在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了重要影響的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。 1.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。前面敘述到“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化有5000多年的歷史”，后文具體講述了三個(gè)方面，所以“以下三項(xiàng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了影響”是承上啟下的作用。故選E。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。前一句提到“西湖龍井和云南普洱早就聞名世界了”，下面要具體說明這兩種茶葉因何而出名。故選D。 3.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。本段主要介紹了中國(guó)的烹飪。所以，A是段落主題。故選A。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。根據(jù)前面的內(nèi)容可知，七十位四位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者和許多其他德高望重的學(xué)者都表示，為了造福人類的生存和發(fā)展，儒家學(xué)說應(yīng)該在世界范圍內(nèi)得到推廣和采用。所以，此處要說明其好處，做總結(jié)。故選G。 care about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念；在乎 (1)care for 照管，關(guān)心，喜愛，想要 care to do sth.愿意做某事，想要做某事 (2)take care 注意，當(dāng)心 take care of 照顧；負(fù)責(zé) with care 當(dāng)心；仔細(xì)地 ①(教材原句)Of course she hadn’t；my sister doesn’t care about details. 當(dāng)然，她并沒有看過；我姐姐是不關(guān)心細(xì)節(jié)的。 ②(2015湖北卷)If we don’t take care (careful) of the earth，no one will. 如果我們不照顧好我們的地球，沒有人會(huì)愛惜它。 ③(2016江蘇卷)Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. 黑猩猩很少在乎別人的興趣。 　care about/care for care about “關(guān)心，在乎”，用來表示認(rèn)為某事重要并產(chǎn)生興趣或憂慮，常用于疑問句或否定句 care for 意為“喜歡”時(shí)，常用于疑問句或否定句；意為“照顧，照料”，是較正式的用語 change one’s mind 改變主意 make up one’s mind(to do) 下定決心(去做) read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 be out of one’s mind 神志不清；發(fā)瘋 bear/keep...in mind 記住…… have...on one’s mind 把……掛在心上 absence of mind 心不在焉 mind(one’s)doing 介意干…… mind sth.當(dāng)心……；注意…… ①(教材原句)She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind. 她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的表情——那種表明她不會(huì)改變主意的表情。 ②Yesterday I couldn’t fix my mind on/upon my study because Li Ping’s letter brought(bring)the happy days we spent together to my mind. 昨天我不能把注意力集中于學(xué)習(xí)上因?yàn)槔钇降男抛屛一貞浧鹉切┪覀円黄鸲冗^的美好日子。 make up one’s mind 要根據(jù)具體人稱來確定 mind 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ③After graduation，they made up their minds (mind) to go and settle in the countryside. 畢業(yè)后他們決定到農(nóng)村安家落戶。 give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交 give away 分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；泄露 give back 歸還 give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等) give out 分發(fā)；用完；耗盡 give up 放棄；停止 give way to 給……讓路；對(duì)……讓步 ①(教材原句)Finally，I had to give in. 最后，我只能讓步了。 ②It seems that the world always gives back to you when you need it. 這個(gè)世界似乎總是在你需要它的時(shí)候回報(bào)于你。 ③His eyes，blue as the summer sky，gave (give) away his fierce devotion to his friends. 他的眼眸藍(lán)如夏日晴空，泄露了他對(duì)朋友們的深情厚誼。 [填一填]　用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空 ①He has given in to my views. ②He gave away immense amounts of money to the people in the quakehit area. ③I have given up expecting him to change. ④When water is heated，it can give off a lot of heat. ⑤(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give _out VOCs when being attacked. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Dear Chris， Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.Im glad to hear that you will e to our school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor of us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should prepared enough clothes.Then there are different kind of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to experiencing rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends，that will make it easy for you to get along good with them. Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you，and you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learn from each other can we spend these days together happily. Yours， Li Ming. 文章大意：短文為李明寫給交換生Chris的一封信，表示在他來我校交換期間會(huì)幫助他適應(yīng)環(huán)境，以及互相學(xué)習(xí)。 答案： Dear Chris， Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.Im glad to hear that you will e to our school asexchange student next term.I feel it an honor us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing， you should enough clothes.Then there are different of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends， will make it easy for you to get along with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you， you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and from each other can we spend these days together happily. ?　解析：考查冠詞，student是可數(shù)名詞，前需加冠詞，exchange是以元音音素開頭的單詞，因此使用不定冠詞an。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，表達(dá)“對(duì)于某人而言”使用介詞for。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，此處是“告訴某人”，使用tell sb.，多了介詞about。 ?　解析：考查動(dòng)詞，should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形，因此使用prepare。 ?　解析：考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，kind“種類”是可數(shù)名詞，表示“不同的種類”，different后接其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的用法，a chance to do sth.“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”，to為動(dòng)詞不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形，因此使用experience。 ?　解析：考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞，考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，使用which。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，表達(dá)“與某人相處融洽”使用動(dòng)詞短語get along well with sb.，因此good改為well。 ?　解析：考查連詞的用法，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，and為并列的關(guān)系，因此改為but。 　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞形式，此處and連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，by后接動(dòng)名詞，因此learn使用其動(dòng)名詞形式learning。 Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。 insist意為“堅(jiān)持要求做……；堅(jiān)決主張做……”，后接賓語從句。賓語從句中常用虛擬語氣，即謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。 (1)當(dāng)insist其后接賓語從句，其內(nèi)容為“一種說法、看法或事實(shí)”時(shí)，從句則不采用虛擬語氣，而是要用陳述語氣。 (2)insist on doing sth.堅(jiān)持做某事 ①He insisted on walking (walk) me to the station to see me off. 他堅(jiān)持陪我到車站為我送行。 ②He insisted that the problem (should)_be_discussed (discuss) at the meeting. 他執(zhí)意要求會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問題。 ③The boss insisted that the man had_stolen (steal) the money and insisted that he (should)leave (leave) the pany at once. 老板堅(jiān)持說那個(gè)人偷了錢并堅(jiān)持要求他立刻離開公司。 When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience. 當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會(huì)困難而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。 the air would be hard to breathe是“主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the air是breathe的邏輯賓語，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 英語中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義有如下幾種情形： (1)主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式 常用于本句型的形容詞包括：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，fortable，safe，dangerous，impossible，strange等。 (2)不定式和所修飾的詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但不定式的邏輯主語在該句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，要用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 (3)在短語be to blame，be to let中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 (4)不定式在too...to和enough...to結(jié)構(gòu)里，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，作結(jié)果狀語。 (5)在“There be＋主語＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)里，作后置定語的不定式用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式均可。但在口語中往往用主動(dòng)式。 ①This dictionary is cheap to_buy (buy)． 這部詞典很便宜，能買得起。 ②This machine is very easy to_operate (operate)． 這部機(jī)器很容易操作。 ③The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very fortable to_sit (sit)in. 扶手椅看上去很硬，但坐上去很舒服。 ④All his colleagues found him difficult to_cooperate (cooperate) with，so they gradually avoided working with him. 他的同事都發(fā)現(xiàn)他很難合作，所以他們逐漸地避免和他在一起工作。 【閱讀理解】 My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up situations, and is hesitant to try new things. When with close friends, she bees a leader who laughs loudly and chants. “Girls rule, boys drool.” But when that fort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous. This has been challenging for me at times. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me. But this has been year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she pleted her first kids’ triathlon（三項(xiàng)全能）. On Saturday, with a thunderstorm ing soon and my son’s birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her, we got all the equipment she’d need, and we kept talking about the race. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her turn, she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep it together. And then it was her turn. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart soared. My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face. I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life. It wasn’t because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before. All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I won that day. I won the chance to see my girl shine. Shine on, sweet baby. 1.Kelly is nervous when ________. A. boys are around her B. she changes into a leader C. she is away from her mom D. situations are new to her 2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that______. A. the race began in the early morning B. Kelly was eager for her turn in the race C. the whole family gave Kelly support D. her brother’s birthday party was delayed. 3.In the ending paragraphs the author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly________. A. Took part in the sport B. Expressed love to her C. Won the gold medal D. Changed pletely 4.What kind of person do you think Kelly is? A. Timid and determined B. Cute and confident C. Fearful and energetic D. Sociable and brave 【文章大意】本文講述了“我”的女兒Kelly是個(gè)慢熱型的人，和陌生人在一起她會(huì)很緊張很害羞，看到女兒贏得獎(jiǎng)牌是作為父母最大的榮耀。 1.D 【解析】考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解，根據(jù)文章中第一段所描述的She needs to warm up to situations，is hesitant to try new things以及But when that fort zone is not around her，sheis shy and nervous.，可知Kelly是一個(gè)慢熱型的人，如果有新的情況，必然需要一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間適應(yīng)，故選D。 3.D 【解析】考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解，根據(jù)文章第五段中的It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before以及第六段中的I felt like I won that day，可知她已經(jīng)克服了她的恐懼了，故選D。 4.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句when that fort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous.和倒數(shù)第二段最后一句It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn’t seen before.由此可知Kelly有點(diǎn)害羞，又意志堅(jiān)定。故選A。