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閱讀理解題型突破(四)　主旨大意題 (A卷) (加彩的題目為主旨大意題，本卷限時(shí)22分鐘) A If a city wants to hold the Olympics, it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined.Typically, the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing mittee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing mittee — not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues (收入), and corporate sponsorships, tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected, the city will be left with large debts. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程。 1．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC. A．A city that submits a proposal B．A majority winner in voting C．A city that has perfect time zone D．One that hasn’t hosted the Games 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段主要介紹了產(chǎn)生主辦城市的規(guī)則，根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated (淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined.”可知，得票數(shù)最多的城市由國際奧委會確定為奧運(yùn)會主辦城市，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks ________. A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events C．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours D．a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada ...because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.”可知，奧運(yùn)會無論在美國或者加拿大何時(shí)舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^看時(shí)間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The host city must be left with large debts. B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games. C．The host city may gain a lot of money. D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，主辦城市能獲得奧運(yùn)會電視轉(zhuǎn)播、企業(yè)贊助等收入，故主辦城市可能會獲得許多資金，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Winner or loser B．Applying for host for the Olympics C．How to host the Olympic Games D．The Olympic Games 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程：先向國際奧委會提交提案，國際奧委會根據(jù)規(guī)則和實(shí)際情況投票選擇主辦城市，一旦確定主辦城市，則該城市應(yīng)積極準(zhǔn)備。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。 B (2018寧波市上學(xué)期期末)Many high school students consider a college education useless.Therefore, they choose not to go to college.If you’re one of them, think again.Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. Schools and universities are the first sources of knowledge.We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation.More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without an education, that job will not be within easy reach.Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational institutions, we openly explore other cultures of the world.We e to know that ours is not the only culture.Other cultures have valuable insights to share, enriching our own.Education also makes us want to travel and interact with various cultures, broadening our horizons. When there’s a downturn (衰退) in the economy, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished grade school and have a limited skills set.The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you’re skillful and knowledgeable, you get to “rub knees” with people of similar backgrounds and tastes.It means a good education leads to excellent networking.Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. A good education makes you a more interesting person.You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what’s on sale in stores.An educated person doesn’t gossip, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. 語篇解讀：很多高中生認(rèn)為讀大學(xué)無用，他們選擇不上大學(xué)。讀大學(xué)真的無用么？讀完本文，你會知道我們?yōu)槭裁匆洗髮W(xué)，上大學(xué)能帶給我們什么。 5．What is the text mainly about? A．Sources of knowledge. B．Benefits of attending college. C．The disadvantages of not being educated. D．The reason why some people think college useless. 解析：選B　主旨大意題。第一段“Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.”為全文主旨句，再結(jié)合全文的整體內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講了為何要上大學(xué)，列舉了上大學(xué)的種種好處。故答案選B。 6．How does the writer develop the passage? A．By giving examples.　 B．By listing reasons. C．By following directions. D．By offering suggestions. 解析：選B　寫作手法題。文章主要列舉了為何要上大學(xué)的種種原因。故答案選B。 7．Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the writer about going to college? A．Gaining more knowledge. B．Enlarging social networks. C．Being a humorous person. D．Experiencing diverse cultures. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第二、三、五段內(nèi)容可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)都是上大學(xué)的原因，C項(xiàng)在文章中并未涉及。故答案選C。 C I liked being a mess. My desk was always surrounded with bowls of food grain, sour milk and old magazines. My floor was full of sweaters, stuffed animals, socks, shoes ... I couldn’t always see these things, but I knew that they were safe, lying somewhere. One day in August, all of my friends and family members were doing their own businesses. I told my mom that I didn’t know what to do and she advised me to clean my room. When I opened the door to my bedroom, everything was in its usual messy arrangement. I became aware of the moldy (發(fā)霉的) smell and noticed a spider (蜘蛛) on top of my mirror. I suddenly felt terrible for everything in my room that I had buried and had an urge to make them reappear. In a box buried under old textbooks, I found a letter that my grandfather had written me at camp. I remembered my dad rocking me to sleep the night grandfather died, and how the tears wouldn’t stop. Tears began to roll down my cheeks again. In the drawer next to my bed, I found a friendship watchband from my childhood best friend, Aubrey, who had given it to me before she moved to California. I had lost so many precious childhood memories over time, letting them slip away into the tide like grains of sand. Under my bed I even found that picture of my mom and me in Jamaica. I stared at that girl, barely able to recognize this person who had drowned in the mess of my room so many years before. I decided to pletely reorganize and clean my room so that all the books, belts, and baskets were in their right place. It was like finding the missing pieces of the puzzle. The finishing touch was framing that photo and hanging it high up on my wall. After all, it was me I had been searching for. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者多年來不注意打掃室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生，生活也因此變得混亂。一天，她決定改變現(xiàn)狀。 8．Paragraph 1 is mainly about the author’s ________. A．disorganized lifestyle B．regular study habits C．unusual hobbies D．busy life 解析：選A　段落大意題。由第一段尤其是第一句“I liked being a mess.”可知，作者喜歡混亂，其室內(nèi)的東西擺放無序，混亂不堪。故選A項(xiàng)。 9．How did the author feel when she saw a spider in her bedroom? A．Frightened. B．Curious. C．Ashamed. D．Excited. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“I suddenly felt terrible for everything in my room that I had buried and had an urge to make them reappear.”可知，看到臥室里的蜘蛛后，作者為房間里胡亂堆放的東西感覺很糟糕。據(jù)此可推斷，作者為自己邋遢的行為感到羞愧。 10．What did the author realize when she was doing the cleanup? A．Her mom loved her very much. B．It was important to find her place. C．She had lost many fond memories. D．Friendship didn’t change over time. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“I had lost so many precious childhood memories over time”可知，作者收拾房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己失去了很多童年美好的回憶。 11．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Thinking of the past. B．Tidying up the room. C．Sorting through the photos. D．Reading letters from friends. 解析：選B　代詞指代題。由語境可知，畫線詞指代上文的“pletely reorganize and clean my room”。 閱讀理解題型突破(四)　主旨大意題 (B卷) (加彩的題目為主旨大意題，本卷限時(shí)22分鐘) A (2018杭州市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)The day started out joyously.Jeannie and Steven Kelley took their twin boys, Kaden and Isaac, to church.Afterwards, the family and some of their relatives got together at the Kelley home to have a meal, and then some fun in the family’s swimming pool. As the party wrapped up, family members moved inside.The adults put on a performance, chatted and said their goodbyes.But in all the motion,_no one remembered to lock the door to the pool area.It was a simple mistake that could have cost the family dearly! The twins’ 6yearold cousin, Branson, noticed his little sister wandering around outside.So, he went out to ask her to e in.And that was when the little boy saw a terrifying sight.He spotted the 2yearold twins facedown in the pool! The adults came running outside when they heard Branson’s frightened cries for help.And they couldn’t believe what they saw when they got out there.Branson not only pulled the twins out of the water, but he began CPR (心肺復(fù)蘇) as well.He’d seen his mom perform CPR before, and just copied what he’d seen. “He said he just dived in，” Branson’s mom, Courtney, said.“All he knew is that he had to try to save them ... It was a miraculous (奇跡的) thing to know that at 6 years old he didn’t just scream and run away.He didn’t just ignore it or stand there in shock.He immediately acted.” Steven began performing CPR on his sons while Courtney called 911.Thirty seconds passed and then Kaden and Isaac started coughing up water and breathing.When emergency responders arrived, they airlifted the boys to the hospital by helicopter.And amazingly, they were already showing signs of improvement.Doctors couldn’t believe it.They told Jeannie and Steven such accidents usually ended in brain death.But Kaden and Isaac were absolutely fine! The couple was incredibly graceful to the boys’ heroic cousin, Branson. 語篇解讀：由于大人的粗心，忘記關(guān)上去泳池的門，結(jié)果兩個雙胞胎小孩落水，六歲小孩Branson發(fā)現(xiàn)后，不僅把雙胞胎拉出水面，還給他們做心肺復(fù)蘇，正是由于他的及時(shí)出手，最后拯救了這兩個小孩。 1．Which of the following might be the best title of the text? A．A Firstaid lesson　　　 B．A Dangerous Pool C．A Family Gettogether D．A Miraculous Rescue 解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文，由于大人的粗心，忘記關(guān)上去泳池的門，結(jié)果兩個小孩落水，六歲小孩發(fā)現(xiàn)后，不僅把雙胞胎拉出水面，還給他們做心肺復(fù)蘇，拯救了這兩個小孩。故答案選D。 2．What does the underlined word “motion” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Excitement. B．Adaptations. C．Delay. D．Emergency. 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“As the party wrapped up, family members moved inside.The adults put on a performance, chatted and said their goodbyes.”可知，這是一次聚會，家庭成員都在室內(nèi)聊天，互相道別等，這樣的場景大家都是很激動、興奮的。故答案選A。 3．It can be inferred from the 5th paragraph that Branson’s mother was ________. A．confused B．proud C．relaxed D．a(chǎn)nxious 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“‘He said he just dived in，’ Branson’s mom, Courtney, said. ‘All he knew is that he had to try to save them ... there in shock.He immediately acted.’”可以得知，母親的話語中用了dive in, miraculous等詞可以看出，她對自己兒子的表現(xiàn)非常的滿意，話語中充滿自豪。故答案選B。 4．The twin brothers’ quick and full recovery was mainly because of ________. A．doctors’ effective treatment B．Branson’s quick calm reaction C．the timely arrival of the helicopter D．their own very good luck 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可以得知，醫(yī)生對雙胞胎的情況好轉(zhuǎn)都難以置信，正是由于6歲孩子Branson的及時(shí)搶救，才能使雙胞胎幸免于難，得以康復(fù)。故答案選B。 B (2018杭州市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)What horrors hide in our subconscious (潛意識)? According to a new French study on sleeptalking, researchers found the most monly used word is “no”， and the French swearword (罵人的話) “putain” occurred, reports the New York Times, “800 times more often in sleep than when awake”．The study also found that men sleeptalked more than women and used more swearwords. Sleeptalking is a form of sleep disorders.“In my experience, it can be linked to the nervous system being overactive, which can be related to the overuse of technology before bed or too much coffee，” says Dr Nerina.“But these sorts of behaviours can happen with people who quite hard on themselves.They’re perfectionists, but they often hold back on saying what they really want to say.When they go to bed at night, it es out into the sleep.” The idea that you can find someone’s deepest secrets while they are asleep is irresistible.There are apps that record sleeptalking.But can you admit to a murder in your sleep? Or to having a lover? Prof.Horne suggests we shouldn’t read too much into what is said.“Sleeptalking tends to occur in very light sleep，” he says.“Sleeptalking isn’t related to dreaming but to the lighter sleep.It’s really the wanderings of a rather confused mind.” It is much more mon in children, and the majority of people grow out of it.“Anxiety and stress tends to bring it on，” says Horne.“Sleeptalkers are generally reflecting some sort of aspect of a worry.I think it’s best not to place too much concern on sleeptalking and not take the words said by someone seriously.” However, sleeptalking might tell you one thing.Someone who often does it is probably quite anxious and it might be a good idea to find out what is worrying them. 語篇解讀：說夢話是睡眠紊亂的一種表現(xiàn)。文章告訴我們說夢話的原因主要是精神的過度緊張和內(nèi)心的焦慮。說夢話的人也無須太過擔(dān)心，找出你自己焦慮和緊張的原因后，說夢話這個問題自然就解決了。 5．What can we learn from the text? A．Swearwords occur more often when people are awake. B．Adults sleeptalk less since they are happier than kids. C．Sleeptalking has an obvious connection with dreaming. D．People don’t need to worry too much about sleeptalking. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“... I think it’s best not to place too much concern on sleeptalking and not take the words said by someone seriously.”可知，作者認(rèn)為說夢話的人無須太過擔(dān)心，不要太在意某個人說的話。故答案為D。 6．According to the text, the most likely cause of sleeptalking is________. A．hard work and lack of sleep B．a(chǎn)dvances in modern technology C．one’s deepest secrets D．constant worry and tension 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Anxiety and stress tends to bring it on”可知，引起說夢話的原因主要是精神的過度緊張和焦慮。故答案為D。 7．What is the text mainly about? A．How subconscious works. B．When sleep disorders arise. C．What sleeptalking means. D．Why people feel anxious. 解析：選C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文，作者先講述了說夢話的現(xiàn)象，然后分析了引起說夢話的原因，最后告訴讀者，說夢話無須太過擔(dān)心，只是內(nèi)心的焦慮和精神的過度緊張而已，且sleeptalking一詞在文章中頻繁出現(xiàn)。故答案為C。 C (2018金華十校模擬)Imitation might be considered the sincerest form of flattery (恭維), but if you take it too far in a job interview you could be giving the wrong impression to a potential employer. Scientists have discovered too much imitating in a job interview situation leaves an employer thinking you are inpetent，untrustworthy and not very likeable.Studies have shown that gentle imitation usually acts as a social glue in human relationships; it can promote trust. Two people who like each other will strengthen their bond by unconsciously imitating each other’s gestures in an unnoticeable way, such as leaning forward at the same time. But in recent years, imitation has been used as conscious approach by people who want to succeed in business.However, the new research suggests this could cost your reputation.The study was conducted by the University of California’s psychology department. Piotr Winkielman, a professor of psychology at the university in San Diego, said, “Imitation is an important part of social intelligence.But it is not enough to simply know how to imitate.It’s also important to know when and when not to.The success of mirroring depends on mirroring the right people at the right time for the right reasons.Sometimes the socially intelligent thing to do is not to imitate.” The study asked people to watch several stage videotaped interviews, some of which featured a friendly interviewer while, in others, the same person was unapproachable.The people being interviewed in the videos imitated the interviewer’s simple gestures — such as legcrossing or chintouching.Interviewees were then evaluated on their general petence, trustworthiness and likeability by participants.Despite the fact that the participants were not instructed to watch for imitation and reported no awareness of it, it still influenced their evaluations.Interviewees who imitated the unfriendly ‘boss’ were judged to be less petent than those who didn’t and their unconscious mirroring was observed as an error. Professor Winkielman added: “It’s good to have the capacity to imitate.But an important part of social intelligence is knowing how to use this ability in a selective, intelligent, situationdependent manner, and understanding, when mirroring can reflect badly on you.” 語篇解讀：過度模仿在面試中不僅不會給面試官留下好印象，相反，會給面試官留下不可靠、低能等壞印象。要適當(dāng)?shù)赜眠@個社交智慧，必須考慮各種因素，如方法、時(shí)機(jī)等。 8．If you take imitation too far in a job interview, the interviewer may think you are ______. A．inpetent　　　 B．smart C．trustworthy D．unfriendly 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Scientists have discovered too much imitating in a job interview situation leaves an employer thinking you are inpetent，untrustworthy and not very likeable.”可知，過度模仿會給面試官留下能力不足、不可靠、不讓人喜歡的印象。故答案選A。 9．What do Piotr Winkielman’s words in Paragraph 5 mean? A．People should avoid using imitation in a job interview. B．People should know what social intelligence is. C．Proper imitation involves lots of factors. D．Imitation is very difficult to learn. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段模仿是一種重要的社交智慧，但是僅僅知道怎么模仿是不夠的，還需要知道模仿時(shí)機(jī)，需要考慮各種因素。故答案選C。 10．What is the text mainly about? A．Imitation can promote trust in an interview. B．Body language is quite useful in an interview. C．It’s not easy to imitate an interviewer’s behavior. D．Improper imitation in an interview may cause trouble. 解析：選D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，模仿是一種社交智慧，但是模仿要考慮各種因素，如果模仿過度，不僅不會帶來好處，反而適得其反，讓你陷入麻煩之中。故答案選D。 閱讀理解題型突破(四)　主旨大意題 (C卷) (加彩的題目為主旨大意題，本卷限時(shí)22分鐘) A Antioxidants (抗氧化劑) in coffee are thought to help protect against stroke — but too much must raise blood pressure, which increases the risk, according to Japanese researchers. Similarly, green tea could also be beneficial for preventing the shocking event, caused when a blood vessel in or serving the brain is blocked. The study looked at the drinking habits of more than 83,000 healthy adults, aged 45 to 74, whose health was tracked for 13 years on average. They found that people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day had about a 20 percent lower risk of stroke, pared to those who rarely drank it. To get an equal effect, about four cups of green tea a day were required. All results were adjusted to take into account differences between the groups in age position, gender, smoking, alcohol, weight, diet and exercise. Dr. Yoshihiro Kokubo, lead author of the study, published in the journal Stroke, said, “The regular action of drinking tea and coffee, largely benefits cardiovascular (心臟血管的) health.” Their results for coffee were similar to that of “study of studies”， presented at a European conference, which found that one to three cups a day was associated with a 14 percent reduction. For three to six cups, there appeared to be a similar but weaker association, but there was no benefit from drinking six or more. Exactly why coffee and green tea appears to lower stroke risk is unclear, although antioxidants are thought to be at work. However, the science is by no means cut and dried. Caffeine raises blood pressure, and there have been indications that too much coffee can raise stroke risk because of this. D