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選修八 Unit 3 單元話題語篇訓(xùn)練—閱讀理解組塊專練（練速度） Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019福州質(zhì)檢) Were Hiring Shift Workers for Our Production Plant Looking for a career with a pany that values its employees, and promotes them from within? Then Black Cat Blades is the pany for you! Cutting Operators CNC Operators Heat Treat Operators Full training provided, starting at D|S14.50 per hour, with the potential to move to D|S18.16 in one year. We also require a Skilled Welder (焊接工), to work 12hour rotating shifts (輪班) in our cutting department. The successful candidate must be a registered journeyman (熟練工) within the Province of Alberta or with a Red Seal. We offer a great benefit package, including health and RRSPs. Numerous motivations: Profit Sharing, Pay for Years of Service, Fitness Program Allowance, and fun social events for you and your family. Apply in person, and well take you on a tour of our production equipment or forward your personal information by fax or email. Black Cat Blades Ltd. HR@ blackcatblades. 5604－59 St., Edmonton, AB T6B 3C3 Fax: (780) 465－9595 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一家公司的招工廣告。 1．What is the most attractive about the pany? A．Charged training.　　 B．Desirable welfare. C．Working time. D．Free travelling. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“We offer a great benefit package, including health and RRSPs”可知，這家公司最吸引人的地方是它提供非常好的福利待遇(a great benefit package)，故選B“Desirable welfare”(理想的福利)。 2．Who can be admitted as a skilled welder? A．An experienced operator. B．A person without a Red Seal. C．A registered journeyman in Alberta. D．A clerk from Black Cat Blades. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“The successful candidate must be a registered journeyman (熟練工) within the Province of Alberta or with a Red Seal”可知，本題答案為C。 3．How many kinds of work does the pany offer? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的“Cutting Operators, CNC Operators, Heat Treat Operators”和“a Skilled Welder (焊接工)”可知本題答案為B。 B (2019武漢調(diào)研)When I graduated from the University of Iowa last year, I did something my friends did not understand. I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco. At school, I had found a job driving a school bus so people asked, “Why on earth are you leaving？” Well, at graduation I was presented with two things — a degree in psychology and a question. It was the same one that many in my generation got：“What do I do now？” It was as difficult as it was mon. Thats because many people at my age were raised with the same words, repeated over and over by parents, teachers and TV, that “you can be whatever you want to be”. As a young boy, every time when I was puzzled about my future, they would say that they would be happy if I was happy. However, what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea, for example, “be a doctor, or be a bus driver”． My experience was by no means universal. Many Americans are taught by their parents that the only purpose in life is to attain money and power. As a goal, this seems much easier and clearer than finding “happiness” or “gentleness”. The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill, rather assuming that something would magically happen to overe their problems. They often get a real shock when they enter the “real world” and find that their options are very limited. Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents. My life on the boat is hard at times, especially during storms. But this is my small attempt to be happy on my own. Im not buying into my nations idea of limitless possibilities because I feel that stops the growth of many of todays youth. 語篇解讀：本文是文化教育類夾敘夾議文。作者用自身的經(jīng)歷指出當(dāng)今美國(guó)的一個(gè)社會(huì)問題：青少年需要父母更為具體的引導(dǎo)和教育，讓他們知道自己將來具體想要做什么，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地告訴他們“成為你想成為的人”。 4．Why were the friends confused about the writers leaving? A．He was tired of driving. B．He suddenly quit school. C．He would lose his friends. D．He would lead a changing life. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“I did something my friends did not understand. I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco”可知，作者離開了艾奧瓦州，那里有他的朋友，有穩(wěn)定的工作，但他去了舊金山附近的一個(gè)船屋，開始自己一種新的生活，他的朋友們對(duì)他的這種做法很不理解，故答案選D。 5．What does the writer think of the guidance he got from American society? A．Its specific. B．Its wrong. C．Its general. D．Its correct. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的“what I need was concrete advice but not a vague idea”可知，作者想要的是具體的建議，故可推知他認(rèn)為他得到的指導(dǎo)是寬泛的，故答案選C。 6．What directly caused a lot of Americans to have jobs lower than their expectations? A．Their achievable goals. B．The practical guidance. C．Being shocked by the real world. D．Lacking professional petence. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段最后一句“Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents” 提到我的很多朋友在畢業(yè)后都當(dāng)了服務(wù)生或廚師，或者搬回去跟父母住在一起，上文分析了導(dǎo)致這種情況的原因“The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill”，也就是說，父母的這種教育方式導(dǎo)致很多孩子沒有去認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)技能。故答案選D。 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Stay where you are B．Be whatever you want to be C．Blind faith in industrial society D．Mistaken belief in limitless possibilities 解析：選D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要闡述了作者指出當(dāng)前美國(guó)的一個(gè)社會(huì)問題：父母沒有給孩子提出具體的、明確的建議，教育其孩子把錢和權(quán)力當(dāng)成了生活的唯一目標(biāo)，這導(dǎo)致很多孩子沒有去認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)技能，在走上社會(huì)之后受到了影響，只能去做一些很低層次的工作。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Im not buying ... todays youth”可知，作者批評(píng)了這種教育方式，并且不再相信美國(guó)社會(huì)的“無限可能”的信念。所以答案選D。 C (2019陜西適應(yīng)性考試)Its easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes youll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least thats what the panies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to e by, experts say, when it es to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory. “People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but theres just no solid evidence，” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Thats not to say brain games are without benefits. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer”. In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging wont necessarily e to a stop. “Its like, you walk through fresh snow, and you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper，” says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur does not imply that in general this brain has bee more capable. It has bee more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。據(jù)說腦力游戲可以提高記憶力和延緩大腦功能的衰退，但是研究表明，腦力游戲僅能提高玩家對(duì)游戲技巧的掌握，并不能真正阻止大腦的老化；其作用還有待證明。 8．We can infer from the first paragraph that ________. A．brain games improve the memory B．brain aging actually can be quitted C．people dont believe brain games D．the author doubts the effect of brain games 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“At least thats what the panies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true？”可知，這個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)背后的公司會(huì)讓人相信腦力游戲可以提高記憶力和延緩大腦功能的衰退，但作者對(duì)其真實(shí)性表示懷疑，故D項(xiàng)正確。 9．What does Engle think of the functions of brain games? A．They really make some difference. B．Their effects still need proving. C．People like to be led by the nose. D．People dont believe the effects. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but theres just no solid evidence”可知，Randall W. Engle 認(rèn)為這種游戲的功能還有待證明，故B項(xiàng)正確。 10．The underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”． A．stopping the brain aging B．having the brain working C．making the brain more passive D．speeding up the brain aging 解析：選A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging wont necessarily e to a stop”可知，多次重復(fù)玩一個(gè)游戲，會(huì)讓你更加熟練地操作游戲，但大腦老化并不能停止；結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可知，很多研究都表明腦力游戲不能使大腦停止老化，故A項(xiàng)正確。 11．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Games Stop Brain Aging B．Unavoidable Brain Aging C．Games Roles Need Proving D．Games Improve Your Brain 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了能提高記憶力和延緩大腦功能衰退的腦力游戲，但是研究表明，這些游戲僅能提高玩家對(duì)游戲技巧掌握的能力，并不能真正阻止大腦的老化；游戲的作用還有待證明。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。 D (2019陜西質(zhì)檢)Many people have difficulty in getting up in the morning. This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you work, you may say that youre “hot”. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak (頂峰). For some people the peak es during the morning. For others it es in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar words as：“Get up, John! Youll be late for work again！” The possible explanation for the trouble is that John is at his temperatureandenergy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. If so, staying up later than you want to may counteract your cycle in some way. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a fortable yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed for a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人體的能量循環(huán)，告訴人們最好在能量頂峰時(shí)期工作。 12．Dr. Kleitman explains that a person is difficult to get up in the morning probably because of ________. A．his own laziness　　　 B．his own energy cycle C．his own habit D．his bad rest at night 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle”可知，Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為一個(gè)人早上很難起床，可能是因?yàn)樗凶约旱哪芰垦h(huán)。 13．According to the passage, peoples energy peak may e ________. A．in the morning B．in the evening C．in the afternoon D．a(chǎn)t different hours 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For some people the peak ... in the afternoon or evening”可推知，人們的能量頂峰可能會(huì)在不同的時(shí)間出現(xiàn)。 14．What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to? A．Life. B．Good habit. C．Energy cycle. D．Change. 解析：選C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的“You cant change your energy cycle”的描述可知，此處代詞it指代前面提到的能量循環(huán)。 15．If the finding is true, its best to ________. A．do your work at the energy peak B．manage to control your temper C．work at the bottom of energy cycle D．manage to keep you clean all day 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“During the hours when you ... The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak (頂峰)”的描述可推知，如果這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是真的，那么最好在能量頂峰時(shí)期做你的工作。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019石家莊模擬) How to Be a Good Team Leader Teamwork is essential in school, sports, and group activities. Being a good team leader involves a lot of skills, but knowing how to relate to your team is one of the most important qualities a good team leader should have. ◇Show respect. As a leader, you will sometimes have to make a decision in a hurry. __16__ Youd better explain clearly why you made the decision and ask for feedback from your team, which shows that you are a leader with respect. ◇__17__ If some people are a little behind on a project or task, help them. Be patient and spend some time with the individual to assess why there is an issue. In addition, find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is. __18__ ◇Encourage your team. Sometimes people are scared to try something, and this is where the leader es in. __19__ Its more likely that your team will get motivated and have the job done at last. ◇Recognize the positive results. Acknowledge your team for a job well done, even if its small. You dont have to reward good work with a pay raise. __20__ Taking a second or two to stop and thank your team makes a difference. Once you follow the tips mentioned above, you will make a good team leader. A．Include everyone. B．Keep a positive attitude. C．A pay raise will cheer up your team. D．Oral appreciation holds a lot of weight. E．After all, they all want to contribute in some way. F．Show your team that the task is possible, even if difficult. G．But this may not always be what everyone in your team wants. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四條成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的原則。 16．解析：選G　根據(jù)空處前后兩句的句意可以判斷，空處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表示這么做并非團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)成員想要的，并引出后一句，故G項(xiàng)正確。 17．解析：選A　根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處是該段標(biāo)題；由該段第二、三句可知，該段主要陳述要關(guān)注每個(gè)成員，故A項(xiàng)正確。 18．解析：選E　根據(jù)空處前一句可知，要給所有人找到任務(wù)，不管他們的技能或水平是什么樣的；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處解釋此舉的原因，故E項(xiàng)(畢竟每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員都想以某種方式做出貢獻(xiàn))符合語境。 19．解析：選F　根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題可知，要鼓勵(lì)你的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員；結(jié)合空處后一句可知，你的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員很有可能被激勵(lì)，從而最終完成工作；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，陳述激勵(lì)的方式，故F項(xiàng)(向團(tuán)隊(duì)成員證明，即使任務(wù)很困難，也是可能完成的)符合語境。 20．解析：選D　根據(jù)空處前一句可知，你無需為良好的工作表現(xiàn)加薪；據(jù)此可以判斷，口頭表揚(yáng)會(huì)起到很大的作用，故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。