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1、UNIT 2 GRAMMAR AND USAGE - MariaREVISION 定語從句定語從句(attributive clauses)1. 定義：定義：2. 先行詞先行詞(antecedent )3. 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞(relative words ) 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 分類分類指人指人指物指物that which whosewho whom that whosewhen where why修飾主句中名詞或代詞的從句修飾主句中名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。叫做

2、關(guān)系詞。 relative pronouns （關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞） relative adverbs: （關(guān)系副詞）（關(guān)系副詞）關(guān)系詞在定語從句中可以作：關(guān)系詞在定語從句中可以作：主主語語 賓賓語語 表表語語 定定語語 狀狀語語1) Mary is a student who is 21 years old.2) The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. 先行詞先行詞先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞定語從句定語從句主句主句 定語從句定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的使用關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的使用 先行詞先行詞SubjectObject

3、Possessive persons thingswho/ thatwhich/that(whom/who/that)(which/that)whosewhose/of whichUSE PROPER RELATIVE PRONOUNS TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.1.David is a kind person _always helps others.2. The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. He cant find the book_is borrowed from the l

4、ibrary.4. The girl _ you have just seen is very good at English.5. He is a great boy _name will be remembered.(which/that)which/that(who/whom/that)whosewho/that定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞常用that的情況：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是 all, everything, nothing, anything, none, little, much, the one等不定代詞時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 1）There is nothing (that) I

5、 can do. 2）This is all that is left. 3）Have you got anything that belongs to me?特殊用法特殊用法 2. 當(dāng)先行詞被 all, any, every, no, some, little, much, very, the only 等詞修飾時(shí)，常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。1) I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2) You may take home any of these books that you like. 3) The only thing that

6、we can do is to wait.3. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞( the first, the last等) 形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 1) The first (thing) that should be done is to get the book. 2) This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 4. 當(dāng)先行詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上既有人又有物時(shí)，常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 1) He talked about the teachers and schools that they knew.5

7、.5.當(dāng)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作在定語從句中作表語表語時(shí)，無論先行詞是人還是時(shí)，無論先行詞是人還是物，常用物，常用thatthat引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 1 1） He is no longer He is no longer the manthe man thatthat he used to he used to bebe. .1. This is the second book_I have ever written. A. when B. that C. which D as2. The fire destroyed all_was in the building. A

8、what B which C that D who3. This is the only answer _right. A which we think is B that we think it is C that we think is D which we think it is4. Tom is not the man_he once was. A who B whom C which D thatB CCDFill in the blanks with relative pronouns.1. This is the story _ we wrote for our storytel

9、ling contest.2. He likes the birthday gifts _ his friends gave him.3. I dont know the name of the teacher_ I met in the computer room.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that) Conclusion: The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the _.verbsFill in the blanks with relative pronouns.4. Daniel is th

10、e person _ I want to make friends with.5. Art is the subject _ I know little about.6. The topic _ Eric is interested in is Physics.(who/whom/that)(which/that)(which/that)Conclusion: The relative pronouns serve as the objects of the _.prepositionsJoin the sentences with an attributive clause: 1. You

11、were to buy dog food with the money. 2. The money is gone.The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.Conclusion: 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞介詞的的賓語賓語時(shí)時(shí), 我們通常我們通常把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前來引導(dǎo)定語從句把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前來引導(dǎo)定語從句, 就是用就是用介詞介詞+ which/whom來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。注意：注意： 1） 這時(shí)關(guān)

12、系代詞這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞 which 或或 whom不能不能用用 that 或或 who來代替。來代替。 2）which 或或 whom 也不能省略。也不能省略。Rewrite the following sentences4. Daniel is the person with whom I want to make friends.5. Art is the subject about which I know little.6. The topic in which Eric is interested is Physics.Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ wh

13、ich/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.to whichon whichFill in the blanks with relative pronouns:4. Daniel is the person (who/whom/that) I want to make friends with.5. Art is the subject (which/that) I know li

14、ttle about.6. The topic (which/that) Eric is interested in is Physics.3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5.The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.6. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.7. She is the teacher _ _all h

15、is students show respect .with whichfrom whichin whichon whichto/for whom8. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?9. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute.with whomfor whichfor whichConclusion: 介詞介詞+whom/w

16、hich結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) 中介詞的選擇主要看兩點(diǎn)：中介詞的選擇主要看兩點(diǎn)： 1.與先行詞的搭配與先行詞的搭配 2.與定語從句中動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的搭配與定語從句中動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的搭配 你有沒有看到那座房子？它的屋頂是紅的。你有沒有看到那座房子？它的屋頂是紅的。Do you see the house? Its roof is red.Do you see the house whose roof is red?Do you see the house the roof of which is red?Do you see the house of which the roof is red?roofthe

17、 roofConclusion: 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 whose 可以用可以用 of which來替換來替換, 但要注意但要注意它的形式和位置。它的形式和位置。the roofExercises:1. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (06浙江浙江) A. of that B. of which C. that D. which Tip: the first of the three booksExercises:2. Last week, only two people came to look

18、 at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (07安徽安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom Tip: neither of the two peopleExercises:3. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. (07北京北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom Tip: most of the peopleExercises:4. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. (08陜西陜西) A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which Tip: the hands of the watchHOMEWORK Finish the exercises given out after class.