一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別.doc
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一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí) 1.滿招損,謙受益.Pride hurts, modesty benefits 2.世上唯有貧窮可以不勞而獲.Nothing is to be got without pain but poverty. 3.偉業(yè)非一日之功/冰凍三尺非一日之寒.Rome was not built in a day. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一、 定義與講解 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示經(jīng)常性的事情,經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):often 經(jīng)常,usually通常,always 總是,every每個(gè),sometimes 有時(shí),at …在幾點(diǎn)鐘 只有在第三人稱單數(shù)用動(dòng)詞的“三單變化”,其他用動(dòng)詞的原形。 三單變化: 1.多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后+s play — plays like — likes (1)直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s. ask---asks;work---works;get---gets;stay---stays (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-es. watch---watches;wish---wishes;fix---fixes; do---does; go---goes; pass---passes (3)以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先變y為i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ 濁輔音和元音后讀/z/ swim-swims;help-helps;like-likes 以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀/z/ goes,does 以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀/iz/ watches,washes 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞 變y 為i再加es 讀/z/ study-studies 不規(guī)則變化have和be動(dòng)詞 變have 為 has變be為am,is,are have-has be-am,is,are 2.不規(guī)則變化: be---- is are have----has 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等連用。 如:I ___________ at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。 2、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀存在及普遍真理。 如:Summer______(follow) spring. 春天之后是夏天。 The sun ____(rise) in the east. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 The earth_____ (move)around the sun . 注意:此種用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語(yǔ)境中,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小學(xué)就學(xué)過地球是圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的。 3、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示格言或警句。 如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ? 4、 以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來(lái)了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 5、在下列情況下表示將來(lái): 1)在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 如:I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看見他就交給他。 He will come if you invite him. 如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來(lái)的。 Suppose he doesn’t agree,what shall we do?假如他不同意,那怎么辦? I shall do as I please. 我高興怎么做就怎么做。 He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管發(fā)生什么情況他都要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作。 批注:可結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)進(jìn)行講解 2)在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),因?yàn)榍罢呦喈?dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 如:The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你學(xué)習(xí)越努力,成績(jī)就會(huì)越好。 3)在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 如:Make sure that you are not late again. 注意別再遲到了。 4)表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,通常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如:The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飛機(jī)十一點(diǎn)半起飛,一點(diǎn)二十分抵達(dá)上海。 批注:只限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞能這樣用,如 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open等。 一般過去時(shí) 一、一般過去時(shí)的定義 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞: (1)yesterday系列: yesterday, yesterday morning ,yesterday afternoon ,yesterday evening, the day before yesterday (2)last系列: last week, last month, last year, last night (3)ago系列: two months ago, three years ago (4)in系列: in 1990, in 2012 特殊:just now ,in the past等等。 e.g: I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week. 二、一般過去時(shí)的用法 1. 動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律 1).一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2).結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3).末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4).以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5) .不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過去時(shí)練習(xí):寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 加“-ed”后的讀音方法 1.ed加在清輔音后面讀/t/。 finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/ 2.ed加在濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾的,讀/d/。 played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/ 3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面,讀/id/。 wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/ 批注:對(duì)于不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化,可以選擇孩子會(huì)初一或小學(xué)已經(jīng)接觸到的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化,不要都講。讀音規(guī)律,對(duì)于掌握好的同學(xué)可以拓展。 2. 句式變化 三、一般過去時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的問題 1. 判定是一般過去時(shí)后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用過去式。 課堂測(cè)試 1. I _______(be) at school just now. 2. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 5. He ________ (be) at the camp last week. 批注:根據(jù)孩子的實(shí)際掌握情況,選擇題量。 2. 句式變化中,動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)不要忘記還原原形。 課堂練習(xí) 1. Su Hai took some photos on Sports day. 否定句________________________________________________ 一般疑問句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 一、用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. We often___________(play) on the playgound. 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What____ (do) he usually _____(do) after school? 5. Danny _______(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons ______your classmate____(have) on Monday? 10. What time ____his mother_________(do) the housework? 二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 三、單選 1Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital. Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work 2Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat. AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas 3Wedidntgoshoppingbecauseit____yesterday. A dontrainB didntrainC rainsD rained 4Thesun____intheeastand____inthewest. Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets 5WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic. Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen 6Jenny____Englishlastnight. AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied 四、填空 1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe____ (come)tovisit. 2_____yoursister_____(know)English? 3Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch. 4Who____(想要)togoswimming? 5______she __(do)thehouseworkeveryday? 6JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon. 7.I_____h___(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend. 8.________she________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she__didnt_______. 9.What_______Tom__do______(do)onSaturdayevening? He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook. 10.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning. 11.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend. 五、 改錯(cuò)題(20) 1.How is Jane yesterday? _____________________[來(lái)源:Z+xx+k.Com] 2.He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________ 3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________ 4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________ 5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________ 六、完形填空 Tom did not like doing his homework,because he liked to do some 1 things after school.And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework. Then one day,his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right.He was very 4 and surprised(驚奇).The next morning before class,he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him,“You got all your homework right this time.Did your father help you?”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework, 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home. So Tom answered,“NO,Sir.He Was busy last night,so I 9 to do it 10 .” ( )1.A.others B. another C. the other D. other ( )2.A.made B. found C. looked at D. looked[來(lái)源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K] ( )3.A.laughed B. knocked C. looked D .saw ( )4.A.please B. pleased C. pleasure D.sad ( )5.A.to B. for C. in D. at ( )6.A.talked B. asked C. spoke D. said ( )7.A.and B. but C. so D. or ( )8.A.isn’t B.won’t be C. wasn’t D. can’t be ( )9.A.wanted B. mustn’t C. liked D. had ( )10.A.itself B. of them C. myself D. himself- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問題本站不予受理。
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