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1、返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 每篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨要義。主旨要義型題目范圍一般包括：短文標(biāo)題、主題大意或段落大意等。此題型要求考生在理解文章后歸納文章要點(diǎn)，概括中心思想?？忌枰治鑫恼碌钠陆Y(jié)構(gòu)，抓住文章的開頭或結(jié)尾，從而找出能概括文章的主題句。主題句的特點(diǎn)：1.語言特點(diǎn)：歸納性、概括性、抽象性；2.位置特點(diǎn)：主題句常出現(xiàn)在“總結(jié)性”語言的“信號(hào)詞或短語”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主題句常出現(xiàn)在“轉(zhuǎn)移話題式

2、”語言的“信號(hào)詞”后，如：but, however, nevertheless, hence等。標(biāo)題的語言特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)特新穎、概括性強(qiáng)、短小精悍。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意一、主旨大意題主要的設(shè)題方式有：1Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?2The best headline for this newspaper article is _3What is the topic of the text?4The text is mainly

3、about _5Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?6What would be the best title for the text?返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 二、主旨大意題主要的解題策略有： 1抓住主題句,鎖定文章主旨。找準(zhǔn)主題句是關(guān)鍵。主題句通常在文章開頭，而段落主題句有可能在一段的開頭，也有可能在中間或末尾。在很多情況下，主題句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息詞。主題句如果在段末，其前

4、可能有above all，all in all等信息詞。利用這些信息詞，可以幫助你迅速找到主題句。一般來說，文章前三句所提供的信息能夠讓讀者了解其大致內(nèi)容，而讀懂每段的第一句話則有助于掌握本段的主要內(nèi)容。這樣做的目的不僅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在時(shí)間緊迫的情況下，可以對(duì)一段話進(jìn)行縮讀、略讀和掃讀。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。 尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中 心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心 思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰 如其分。 3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸

5、納文章中心。 分析的方法是：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。返回目錄返回目錄例例 1 12013浙江卷浙江卷 (節(jié)選節(jié)選) (最后兩段最后兩段)A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although t

6、hat term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someo

7、ne, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier describ

8、ed the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意問題：?jiǎn)栴}：The last two paragraphs are mainly about _Athe history of advertisingBthe benefits of adve

9、rtisingCthe early forms of advertisingDthe basic design of advertising 點(diǎn)睛點(diǎn)睛 C段落大意題。從段落大意題。從“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily.”知，最后兩段主要討論了早期商業(yè)廣告的模式，知，最后兩段主要討論了早期商業(yè)廣告的模式，所以選所以選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6

10、 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意例例 2 22013安徽卷安徽卷 (節(jié)選節(jié)選) Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)的)boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires,attracted many people.Farmers，as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires

11、 seeking jobs.These jobs didnt pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city，the dance known as the tango(探戈舞探戈舞) came into being. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 At the beginning the t

12、ango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if a man didnt want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually，the dance spre

13、ad into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(

14、芭蕾舞芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theatres. After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe，they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance，saying it was a little too sh

15、ocking，the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 The popularity(流行流行)of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1

16、926，and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意問題：?jiǎn)栴}：What can be the best title for the text?AHow to Dance the TangoBThe History of the TangoCHow to

17、 Promote the TangoDThe Modern Tango Boom 點(diǎn)睛點(diǎn)睛 B主旨大意題。最佳標(biāo)題也是主旨大意的一個(gè)主旨大意題。最佳標(biāo)題也是主旨大意的一個(gè)部分。由文章內(nèi)容可知，文章首段講述了探戈的誕生，部分。由文章內(nèi)容可知，文章首段講述了探戈的誕生，接著講述了探戈的傳播，也就是說，全文講述的是探戈接著講述了探戈的傳播，也就是說，全文講述的是探戈的歷史。故選的歷史。故選B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意【活學(xué)活用【活學(xué)活用】 2013廣東卷廣東卷 (節(jié)選節(jié)選) Some people think that success is o

18、nly for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.Im not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances dont come into play because they do.Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence，

19、and thats just the reality of how life is. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to get really good at something，one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and p

20、ractising.To become great at certain things，itll require even more time，time that most people wont put in. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you dont enjoy what you do，it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well be

21、fore you ever become good at it.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success，you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born wi

22、th some rare talent，but thinking that way does you no good，and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time.If

23、 youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意31Par

24、agraph 1 mainly talks about _Athe reasons for successBthe meaning of successCthe standards of successDthe importance of success35What is the main theme of the passage?AHaving a goal is vital to success.BBeing good is different from being great.COne cannot succeed without time and practice.DLuck，tale

25、nt and family help to achieve success.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意 解析解析 文章首先向我們分析了成功的因素，怎樣才能成文章首先向我們分析了成功的因素，怎樣才能成功，同時(shí)也剖析了對(duì)成功的一些錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)功，同時(shí)也剖析了對(duì)成功的一些錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)。31A段落大意題。這一部分向我們分析了一個(gè)人成功段落大意題。這一部分向我們分析了一個(gè)人成功的因素：運(yùn)氣的因素：運(yùn)氣(luck)，天賦、才華，天賦、才華(talent)和環(huán)境的影響和環(huán)境的影響(circumstances)。35C主旨大意題?？v觀全文可以看出，文章首先向我主旨大

26、意題?？v觀全文可以看出，文章首先向我們分析了成功的因素，怎樣才能成功，同時(shí)也剖析了對(duì)們分析了成功的因素，怎樣才能成功，同時(shí)也剖析了對(duì)成功的一些錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)，最后一段總結(jié)全文，概括了主成功的一些錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)，最后一段總結(jié)全文，概括了主題，告訴我們成功需要日復(fù)一日題，告訴我們成功需要日復(fù)一日(work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time)的努力和辛勤的工作的努力和辛勤的工作(hard work)。由此可知答案。由此可知答案。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法6 6閱讀理解技法之主旨大意閱讀理解技法之主旨大意