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1、UNIT15 DESTINATIONSGrammarNon-finite verb非限定動(dòng)詞，也叫非謂語動(dòng)詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語。其中包括不定式(to do)，動(dòng)名詞(doing)，和分詞(done)三種形式。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能不不定定式式主主語語賓賓語語表表語語賓賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定語語狀狀語語動(dòng)動(dòng)名名詞詞主主語語賓賓語語表表語語定定語語分分詞詞表表語語賓賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定語語狀狀語語謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. ang

2、rily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季）上海春季） A. seizing., disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing AD不定式不定式(infini

3、tive)的用法：1.作主語：不定式作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2.作賓語。不定式作主語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語。不定式 He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study computer. 3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。He asked me to do the homework with him.注意在feel, hear, listen to, look at , notice, see,

4、 watch, make,等詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語中，省略to. 但改為被動(dòng)要補(bǔ)出to.不定式The boss made the workers work long hours before liberation.The workers were made to work long hours before liberation.4.作定語He needs a room to live in.不定式Ive got a letter to write.5.作狀語，表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。I came here to see you.We turned the lights off in order

5、 not to waste electricity.Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes.(目的）不定式We were very excited to hear the news.（原因）He hurried to the school , only to find nobody there.（結(jié)果）6.做表語My job is to help the patient.To see is to believe.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成，具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特性，在句中起名詞的作用。1.作主語。Collecting information is

6、 very important to business men.It is no use arguing with him.It is no use/good, /useless =doing 泛指抽象動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞2. 做表語Her job is teaching.3.作賓語She didnt mind Jack coming late.He finished reading the book.動(dòng)名詞4.作定語He has a reading room.There is a swimming pool in our school.分詞分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式

7、一般式和完成式。完成式。一般式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生。Being a student, he was interested in books.完成式(having+V.V.P.)表示分詞的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前之前發(fā)生。Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.1.作定語分詞短語分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞之后之后；單個(gè)分詞單個(gè)分詞則放在被修飾的名詞之前名詞之前。分詞The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and

8、water are harmful to peoples health.2.作狀語時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況。Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)分詞While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(時(shí)間）The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式）3做表語The news is inspiring.He remained studying the sea animals.分詞4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語We saw the tea

9、cher making the experiment.區(qū)別不定式與動(dòng)詞ing形式的區(qū)別不定式表示具體的具體的，將來的將來的，有意識(shí)有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作；V+ing表示抽象的，無意識(shí)的，習(xí)慣性的傾向。 1.作主語To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.Reading aloud is a good way in learning English. 區(qū)別Plying with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.(指具體動(dòng)作）2.作表語All that I wa

10、nt is to learn from practice.It is no use crying over spilt milk.(表抽象動(dòng)作）表抽象動(dòng)作）區(qū)別3. forget, remember, go on, like,stop, try, mean,等動(dòng)詞后可跟動(dòng)詞ing和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但表示意義不一樣。Stop talking.Stop to talk.Ill try to improve my English.Try improving this way if youare bad at English.區(qū)別I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些

11、來）Missing the train meaning waiting for another hour.(誤了這趟火車意味著意味著再等一小時(shí)。）非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海上海) A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob t

12、urned off the alarm. (01 北京春季北京春季) A. To sleep B. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept3. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCAD4. _ in thought, he almost r

13、an into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (00 北京春季北京春季) A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海上海) A. h

14、opedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope CAB7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02 N) A. beginsB. having begunC. beginning D. begun8. Finding her car stolen, _. (01 上海上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for every

15、where D. she hurried to a policeman for help DD非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng) 高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (97 N) A. to go B. having gone C. goingD. to have gone2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied

16、 in. (99 N) A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studyingDA 3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01 上海上海) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remai

17、ns _ whether they will enjoy it. (02 N) A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeingD. seen DB5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (02 上海上海) A. ExposedB. Having exposed C. Being exposedD. After being exposed6. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

18、 (01 N) A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered7. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. (00 上海上海) A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invitedCAD8. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (02 上海春季上海春季) A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled C