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1、詞義猜測詞義猜測題主要是測試考生利用上下文判斷單詞、短語或句子在特定語言環(huán)境中確切含義的能力,以及it,they,them等判斷指代內(nèi)容,做此類題目,考生要學會“順藤摸瓜”,“上下取證”,通過構(gòu)詞法,語法邏輯、經(jīng)驗、常識、上下文等線索來確定詞義。詞義猜測題不是閱讀測試的重點,但也是??键c,每年高考都有涉及。 1詞義猜測類題目中常含有refers to,means,be placed by,is closest in meaning to,stand for,be defined as等。 2解答這類題目最重要的方法是理解含生詞部分的上下文來推測其意思,“順著”作者的思想、態(tài)度去理解,然后“上下
2、求證”是否合乎邏輯或作者的思想等。 具體方法 1根據(jù)接近或遞進關(guān)系:由and或or等可確定生詞的義域,推知它的大致意義。 2根據(jù)選擇或相對關(guān)系:對比or(要么,或者)前面和后面的句子或詞語,來猜測生詞的含義。 3根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系:通過生詞后的定語(定語從句或分詞短語等)、表語、同位語、逗號、括號、破折號等的解釋說明來推測其意思。 4根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系:由上下句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來推測詞義。 5根據(jù)因果關(guān)系:根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個生詞或短語的意思。既可由因推果,也可由果推因。常見的詞有:since,as,therefore,due to,thus 等。 6根據(jù)列舉的實例:根據(jù)su
3、ch as,for example等后列舉的實例也可推測出前面某個詞語的意思。 7根據(jù)并列同類關(guān)系:一般說來,并列的幾個事物應屬同類事物,由此可推測其中一個的大概意思。 8利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義:很多詞都可以通過分析其“轉(zhuǎn)化”“合成”或“派生”來確定該詞在具體語境中的意義。注意:考題中若要求我們猜測熟悉詞語的意思,我們必須通過上下文得出其在特定場合下的特殊意思,那些常規(guī)含義的選項不會是要選擇的正確答案?!镜淅?】Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian Nat
4、ional Museum in the capital,Addis Ababa,is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston,Texas,spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the US.tour,which will start in Houston next September.What do the word
5、s “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton.BA photograph of Lucy.CA copy of the skeleton.DA written record of Lucy.解析一副320萬年的猿人骨骼化石即將首次在國外巡回展覽,相關(guān)事宜正在緊鑼密鼓地策劃之中。本題需要猜測的詞是replica,屬于生僻詞。根據(jù)畫線部分后面的“while the real remains”可推知,畫線部分指的是骨骼復制品,故選C項(A copy of the skeleton),while“而”,為上下文“對比
6、”關(guān)系。故答案為C?!镜淅?】The CRFs produce is “green”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Serieswith Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a b
7、etter knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _.Aare particular about chocolateBknow little about cocoa beansClook down upon othersDlike to try n
8、ew flavors解析根據(jù)后面定語從句句意“他們認為自己比別人更了解巧克力”可以推斷出答案為A項:“對巧克力很挑剔”。B項“對可可豆了解很少”,C項“輕視別人”,D項“喜歡嘗試新味道”,這三項都不是對先行詞的解釋。故答案為A?!镜淅?】“Have a nice day.Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same ton
9、e(腔調(diào)) with a fixed procedure.They are spoken at me,not to me.Obviously,the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?AThe salesgirl is rude.BThe salesgirl is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.解析祝愿用語也許沒有任何意義,對方也許并不是真誠的,但這確實是我們掛在嘴邊的一句話,人聽了后會很舒服。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知,她關(guān)心的是如何讓自己的生意更加興隆,向作者和其他人表達祝愿只是“例行公事”而已。故答案選D。