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1、 句子成分分析句子成分分析 句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分,包括:主語、子的成分,包括:主語、 謂語、表語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。 主語主語和和謂語謂語是句子的主體部分。是句子的主體部分。句子的成分雖不會(huì)直接出題,但同學(xué)們有必要了解這些知識(shí),這些知識(shí)對(duì)分析句子有很重要的作用,可以提高閱讀理閱讀理解能力和作文能力解能力和作文能力,所以同學(xué)們對(duì)句子的成分要有比較好的了解。 1 1、主語、主語(Subject(Subject,簡(jiǎn)稱,簡(jiǎn)稱S)S)是句子陳述
2、是句子陳述的對(duì)象,表示句子所說的是的對(duì)象,表示句子所說的是“什么人什么人”或或“什什么事物么事物”,一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng),一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。主語一般在句首。于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。主語一般在句首。首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁常見可作主語的結(jié)構(gòu)及例句: 考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破主語形式主語形式例句例句名詞作主語This pen is mine. 這支鋼筆是我的。代詞作主語Nobody knows the answer. 沒人知道答案是什么?;鶖?shù)詞作主語Two and four is six. 二加四等于六。名詞化的形容詞(短語)作主語Th
3、e old in China should be looked after better. 中國(guó)的老人應(yīng)該被更好地照顧。不定式(短語)作主語To see is to believe。眼見為實(shí)動(dòng)名詞作主語Smoking is bad for our health. 吸煙對(duì)我們的健康有害。介詞短語作主語From Shanghai to Beijing is about 1,050 kilometres.從上海到北京大約1,050公里遠(yuǎn)。從句作主語What I mean is to work harder. 我的意思是要努力地工作。首頁首頁末頁末頁2.2.謂語謂語 說明主語說明主語“做什么做什么”、
4、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎怎么樣么樣”。謂語必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在。謂語必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在“人稱人稱”和和“數(shù)數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。謂語一兩方面必須一致。謂語一般在主語后面。般在主語后面。通常所說的謂語主要指謂語動(dòng)詞通常所說的謂語主要指謂語動(dòng)詞( (短語短語) )( (簡(jiǎn)稱簡(jiǎn)稱V)V)??键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破謂語形式謂語形式例句例句單個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語He works hard. 他努力工作。She came first. 她第一個(gè)到的。短語動(dòng)詞作謂語The plane took off five minutes ago. 飛機(jī)五分鐘前起飛的。What happen
5、ed to you? 你怎么了? She looks after her baby carefully. 她細(xì)心照看她的寶寶。動(dòng)詞短語(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主要?jiǎng)釉~)作謂語I am washing my clothes. 我在洗我的衣服。 He has finished his homework already. 他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。 Millie can swim. 米莉會(huì)游泳。首頁首頁末頁末頁3.表語 表語(Predicative,簡(jiǎn)稱P)說明主語說明主語“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么樣怎么樣”,由名詞、,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)
6、,和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。語等充當(dāng),和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語常位于連系動(dòng)詞(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后??键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破表語形式表語形式例句例句名詞作表語Mr.Wu is a good teacher. 吳先生是位好老師。代詞作表語That is it. 這就是了。分詞作表語My teacher is both gentle and encouraging towards me. 我的老師對(duì)我很溫和又督促我學(xué)習(xí)。形容詞作表語Our classroom is big and clean.
7、 我們教室又大又干凈。不定式(短語)作表語His dream is to be an actor. 他的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名男演員。名詞(短語)作表語 My hobby is playing basketball. 我的愛好是打籃球。介詞短語作表語I am at home now. 現(xiàn)在我在家。從句作表語That is why he is late for class. 那就是他為什么會(huì)上課遲到的原因。首頁首頁末頁末頁4.賓語 賓語(Object,簡(jiǎn)稱O)是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者。表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,由表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng),和及
8、物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語充當(dāng),和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語“做什做什么么”。 一般在謂語之后。一般在謂語之后。 考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破賓語形式賓語形式例句例句名詞作賓語Please pass me a cup of coffeecoffee. 請(qǐng)給我遞杯咖啡。代詞作賓語We will show it to himhim. 我們將把它給他看。數(shù)詞作賓語How many pens do you have? I have twotwo. 你有多少鋼筆?我有兩支。 名詞化的形容詞作賓語He is always helping the poorerthe poorer than himse
9、lf.他一直在幫助比他窮的人。不定式(短語)作賓語They asked to see his ID cardto see his ID card.他們要求查看他的身份證。動(dòng)名詞(短語)作賓語He likes runningrunning.他喜歡跑步。從句作賓語I think he is righthe is right.我想他是對(duì)的。首頁首頁末頁末頁5.定語 用來修飾用來修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞。由形容詞、代詞、。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當(dāng)于數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。因?yàn)槊~、形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。因?yàn)槊~、代詞既可做主語,又可做表語、賓
10、語,代詞既可做主語,又可做表語、賓語,所以定語的位置很靈活,凡有名詞、代所以定語的位置很靈活,凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。詞的地方都可以有定語。考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破定語形式定語形式例句例句形容詞作定語They are ( beautiful ) ( beautiful ) flowers. 它們是美麗的花。 The ( litter ) ( litter ) boy is his brother.這個(gè)小男孩是他的弟弟。名詞作定語There are ( apple ) ( apple ) trees. 這些是蘋果樹。 He is making a ( paper
11、 ) ( paper ) plane.他正在折一個(gè)紙飛機(jī)。代詞作定語This is ( my ) ( my ) chair. 這是我的椅子。 That man is ( his )( his )uncle.那位男子是他的叔叔。名詞所有格作定語Which man is (Tom(Toms)s) uncle? 哪位男子是湯姆的叔叔? This is ( Lucy and Lily( Lucy and Lilys )s ) bedroom.這是露西和莉莉的臥室。數(shù)詞或冠詞作定語I want (four)(four) pencils. 我要四支鉛筆。 That is (an)(an) interest
12、ing play.那是一部有趣的戲。首頁首頁末頁末頁6.狀語 英語中,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分叫狀語(Adverbial)。狀語一般由副詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、不定式(短語)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。狀語一般放在句末,也可放在句首或句中??键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破狀語形式狀語形式例句例句副詞作狀語He speaks Englishwell. 他英語說得好。形容詞作狀語He said nothing but sat silentsmoking. 他沒說話,只靜坐在那里抽煙。介詞短語作狀語He is outat the moment. 此刻他不在
13、家。不定式(短語)作狀語He stoppedto talk to mewhen he saw me in the street.他在街上見到我時(shí),停下來和我說話?,F(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking happily. 孩子們跑出房間,高興地談笑著。過去分詞(短語)作狀語Compared with life on earth,life on Mars will be better in many ways. 和地球上的生活相比,火星上的生活在許多方面更好。從句作狀語Please tell him abou
14、t this when he comes back.他回來時(shí)請(qǐng)告訴他此事。簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型:簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型:(S+V)e.g. a. Spring is coming. b. This factory opened in 1989.二、主語連系動(dòng)詞表語二、主語連系動(dòng)詞表語(S+V+P)e.g. a. She looked worried. (S+V+O)e.g. She has bought a new house.四、主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語四、主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)e.g. My father bought me a lot of books.五、
15、主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語(五、主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語(S+V+O+OC)e.g. a. They made him their monitor. b. We consider him very capable.句子成份練習(xí)句子成份練習(xí)1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched t
16、he train leaving the station.狀語狀語表語表語間語間語+直賓直賓賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9. There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy, they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.12. After graduation he will wor
17、k where he came from. 賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)主語主語狀語狀語同位語同位語狀語狀語Exercises把下列句子譯成英語,并指出各屬于哪種基本句型。把下列句子譯成英語,并指出各屬于哪種基本句型。 1. 這些花聞起來很香。這些花聞起來很香。 These flowers smell good. 2. 這里夏天經(jīng)常下雨。這里夏天經(jīng)常下雨。 It always rains here in summer. 3. 李平逗得嬰兒笑起來了。李平逗得嬰兒笑起來了。 Li Ping made the baby begin to laugh.4. 剛才她給了我一些墨水。剛才她給了我一些墨水。 Just now she gave me some ink. 主及物動(dòng)間賓直賓(主及物動(dòng)間賓直賓(S+V+IO+DO)主連動(dòng)表主連動(dòng)表(S+V+P)主不及物動(dòng)主不及物動(dòng) (S+V)主及物動(dòng)賓賓補(bǔ)(主及物動(dòng)賓賓補(bǔ)(S+V+O+OC)