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1、第二講數(shù)詞和主謂一致范圍特點實例112 無規(guī)律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319 以-teen 為結(jié)尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090 以-ty 結(jié)尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199 十位與個位之間要加 連字符“-” twenty-five, sixty-two, n
2、inety-nine101999 百位與十位之間通常 用 and three hundred and twenty-five(美語中常 將 and 省略)千以上 6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five;1200twelve hundred數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞范圍特點實例119各基數(shù)詞尾加-th fourth, sixth, nineteenth(first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 例外)2090把 y 變 i 后加-eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetiet
3、h 2199最后一個數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,其余用基數(shù)詞 21sttwenty-first, 110thone hundred and tenth二、序數(shù)詞漢語示例英語表示法時間表達2011 年 6 月 30 日June 30, 2011/30 June, 2011/30th June, 2011七點二十五分(7:25) seven twenty-five/twenty-five past seven三、數(shù)詞的用法1英語中年月日、鐘點、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)、編號、算式表示法列表漢語示例英語表示法時間表達 十二點五十四分(12:54) twelve fifty four/six to one 九點十五分(9:15)
4、 nine fifteen/a quarter past nine 兩點半(2:30) two thirty/half past two 二十一點五十分(21:50) twenty-one fifty/ten to twenty-two數(shù)字表達 第二十一 twenty-first 第一百二十三 one hundred and twenty-third 三分之一 a third 二又五分之二 two and two-fifths 百分之二十 20 percent Room 34 room thirty-four Page 518 page five one eight 6511 Six plus
5、/and five is eleven. 1165 Eleven minus six is five. 4520 Four multiplied by five is twenty. 2045 Twenty divided by four is five.續(xù)表2.hundred, thousand, million, billion 表示確切的數(shù)目時,不能加-s。如:two hundred students。如果表示不確切的數(shù)目,則在后面加-s,并與 of 連用。如: hundreds of teachers, thousandsof farmers, millions of stars。3s
6、cores of 與 dozens of 都表示概數(shù),意為“數(shù)十;許多”。如:scores of eggs (許多個雞蛋), dozens of eggs (許多個/數(shù)打雞蛋)。也可以說 a score of eggs,但不能說 a dozen of eggs。4年代的表示法有兩種。如:“在二十世紀八十年代”可寫成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。5“基數(shù)詞名詞”構(gòu)成的定語,其中的名詞用單數(shù)。如:a three-month baby 一個三個月大的嬰兒an 800-word composition 一篇 800 字的文章6序數(shù)詞前加 the 表示順序。如:the Sec
7、ond World War 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)the first question 第一個問題序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞 a 表示“再;又”。如:Ive failed six times, but I decided to have a seventh try.我已經(jīng)失敗了六次,但我決定再嘗試一次。主謂一致主謂一致是指主語和謂語要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致,主語的“人稱”和“數(shù)”決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。原則概念例句語法一致原則指主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂 語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Steve Ember is a good player. Children like toys.意義一致原則謂語動詞的
8、單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語所表示的內(nèi)在涵義。主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;主語表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 My family are having lunch now. News is travelling fast nowadays.就近原則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語 There is a knife and two forks onthe desk.He or you have taken her book.一、主謂一致原則一覽表二、概念歸納1表時間、距離、金額、重量、數(shù)字等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作“整體”看時,謂語常用單數(shù)。如:Two hours is quite e
9、nough.兩個小時足夠了。2以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時,根據(jù)其意思來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(1)表學科的名詞(physics 等)、國名(the United States 等)或組織名稱(the United Nations 等)及 news 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,如 means, works 等作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)具體情況而定。如:Every means has been tried.每種方法都試過了。All means have been tried.所有的方法都試過了。(3)the Olympic Games 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3集體名詞作主
10、語時,視其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(1)people, police, cattle, youth 等名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)clothing, furniture, equipment 等名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(3)family, class, government 等名詞表示整體概念時謂語動詞用單數(shù),表示個體成員時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4“a number of/a variety of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the形容詞”指一類人時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);“the number of/the varietyof復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the形容詞”作主語指抽象的事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:Th
11、e beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人人都愛。(表抽象概念)5以 and 連接的兩個名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但名詞前有 each, every, no 修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:Walking and riding are good exercises.散步與騎車是很好的運動。Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday.每個男孩與女孩都想要假期。注意:當 and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一人、物或概念時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。如:The teacher and writer is popular
12、 with his students.那位作家兼老師很受學生歡迎。(指同一人)6動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但what 引導的主語從句視后面的表語而定。如:What we need is time.我們需要的是時間。What we need are books.我們需要的是書本。7 主語后接 with, together with, including, combined with,along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, inaddition to 等構(gòu)成的介詞短語時,謂語動詞根據(jù)主語的
13、單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.約翰,而不是他的室友,應(yīng)該受到責備。8在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/that”引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當 one 之前有 the only, very 等修飾時,從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning.她是今天早上上課遲到的女孩之一。This is the only one of the girls who was late for school thismorn
14、ing.她是唯一一個今天早上上課遲到的女孩。9glasses, shoes, trousers 等復(fù)數(shù)名詞前若有 pair, kind, type,box of 等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞根據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一雙鞋。10由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of名詞/代詞”或“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)of名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞視其所接的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor s
15、tudents.五分之三的書是為貧困學生準備的。The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的錢是你的。11由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的名詞或代詞作主語及 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。如:Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4.不僅是我們,還有老師也喜歡聽 MP4。12 不定代詞(all 指人除外) 、“many a 單數(shù)名詞”、“more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如:All has been finished.所有的都完成了。All are late for the meeting.所有人開會都遲到了。More than one person has made the suggestion.不止一個人提出了建議。