中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)易丟分專題14賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句含解析
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1、賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句 丟分題詳解 【2019 ? 四川省涼山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【參考答案】 【試題解析】句意:——西蒙,你穿這件T恤看起來(lái)很帥。你能告訴我
2、你在哪里買的嗎?——好的。我是在網(wǎng)上的一家商店買的。賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句通常用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除B、D。從I bought it in a store online. 判斷句子詢問(wèn)在哪里買的,用where 引導(dǎo)。故選A。 丟分探因 此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,學(xué)生想做對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的題,必須掌握住三個(gè)原則:一、賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序;二、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句保持一致;三、選擇正確的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。此題中A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都是陳述語(yǔ)序,根據(jù)句意可知此處問(wèn)的是他在哪里買的衣服,故選where作引導(dǎo)詞。 查漏補(bǔ)缺 賓語(yǔ)從句的種類 賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),或介詞的賓語(yǔ),或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓
3、語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞,賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類。 1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that只有語(yǔ)法作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義,在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。 Do yo
4、u know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。if和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
5、【辨析】賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)詞的作用 例句 that 無(wú)意義,只起連接作用,常可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.他說(shuō)凱特擅長(zhǎng)游泳。 what,which, who,whose, whom等連接代詞 在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他們打算干什么。 when,where,why,how等連接副詞 在從句中作狀語(yǔ) Could you tell me where you are from?你能告訴我你來(lái)自哪嗎? if
6、,whether 意為"是否",不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if she was a teacher. 他問(wèn)我她是否是一位老師。 【典例】—We don’t know _______________. —It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【答案】C 【解析】該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。按照他們談?wù)摰脑掝}可知:他們說(shuō)的是
7、某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語(yǔ)序不對(duì),只有C正確。 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即按照主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的順序。 1. 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句,語(yǔ)序不變,即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Please tell me when we’ll have t
8、he meeting. 2. 一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句,語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is? Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 【典例】Miss Green didn’t tell us _____________
9、__ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【答案】D 【解析】該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài),故選D。 賓語(yǔ)從句主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。 1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that
10、 he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D.
11、 why he didn’t watch the game 【答案】D 【解析】該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。主句用的實(shí)際上是現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句在這個(gè)句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2. I don’t know when _______________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【答案】B 【解析】該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。只有B項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)上符合要求。 2. 如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般
12、過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或
13、真理,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 【特別提醒】否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等詞時(shí),要將從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。 I don
14、’t think he will come with you. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。 方法技巧 賓語(yǔ)從句須注意,幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。 一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞,不同句子詞相異。 陳述句子用that;一般疑問(wèn)是否(if,whether)替; 特殊問(wèn)句更好辦,引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。 二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化,主句不同從句異。 主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意; 主句若為過(guò)去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。 三是語(yǔ)序要記清,從句永保陳述序。 丟分題詳解 【2019 ? 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict
15、with all is students. A. which B. who C. where 【參考答案】B 【試題解析】句意"布朗是一個(gè)對(duì)所有的學(xué)生都嚴(yán)格的老師"。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。A.指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);B.指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);C.表示地方,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。本句話中先行詞為a teacher,指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ),故選B。 丟分探因 做定語(yǔ)從句的題時(shí),可先將先行詞還原到句中。其次選擇關(guān)系詞,要先看先行詞指人、指物還是既指人又指物。二要看從句中做何種成分,從而做出正確的判斷。 。 一、 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞有六個(gè),聽我逐一來(lái)說(shuō)破; which表物人用wh
16、o,人物都有that顧; which用在逗號(hào)后,意表前句你要know; who作主語(yǔ)很稱職,whom用到賓語(yǔ)里。 二、 that用法 that用法真有趣,兩個(gè)地方它不去; 逗號(hào)后邊它不去,介詞之后不考慮。 that和which的區(qū)別 that which代表物,區(qū)別聽我來(lái)敘述; 先行若是不定代,that就把which踹; 先行詞前有兩數(shù),就用that定無(wú)誤; 先行詞前最高級(jí),還用that必?zé)o疑; 句中若有there be,that應(yīng)把which替; 先行主中作表語(yǔ),避免重復(fù)從句里; just, the only,ver
17、y,same,last其后也要用that。 三、 四、 指人的關(guān)系代詞 指人可用that, who,以下情況多用who; those people作先行,there be的結(jié)構(gòu)中; 先行指人不定代,從中作主who要在; 兩個(gè)定從一起來(lái),不要重復(fù)你有才。 五、 whose的用法 定從之中少定語(yǔ),whose為你唱一曲; whose指人又指物,所屬關(guān)系要記住。 as和which的區(qū)別 as/which在句末,若有否定as錯(cuò); 句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞; 固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the sam
18、e/such/so/as; so/such...that賓不離,so/such...as...賓要棄。 六、 關(guān)系代詞用法總結(jié) 關(guān)系代詞到這里,主賓表定作用起; 關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ),省與不省全靠你。 七、 特殊情況 只記上邊不可以,特殊情況告訴你; 先行用way作狀語(yǔ),in which/ that /略可以; one of +復(fù)作先行,從中謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)明; one前若有only/very,從中謂語(yǔ)定用單; 定從名從可轉(zhuǎn)換,all that被what換。 八、 在復(fù)合句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為
19、定語(yǔ)從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose;關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。 【圖示】 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。 定語(yǔ)從句的分類 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定
20、語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法 作主語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 會(huì)上發(fā)言的人來(lái)自香港。 The building which/that is being b
21、uilt will be used as a hospital. 在建中的這幢建筑將用作醫(yī)院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜訪了一位世界知名的科學(xué)家。 【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. which D. who 【答案】D 【解析】所填寫詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞teacher,并在從句中作主語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系代詞who。 【
22、注意】1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持主謂一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜歡打籃球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那個(gè)喜歡打籃球的男孩子。 2. 通常在以下六種情況下只能用that而不能用which: (1)先行詞為all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,the one等代詞時(shí)。 That is all that
23、 I want to say. 那就是我想要說(shuō)的。 【典例】—Is that all? —Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——就這些?——是的,這就是我要買的所有東西。which,that的先行詞都是物,但當(dāng)先行詞是all等不定代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞一般只用that;who的先行詞只能是人;whose一般在從句中作定語(yǔ)。故選B。 (2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用
24、that,而不用which。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。 This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最精彩的電影。 Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看這些蘋果。你能看到你給我的那兩個(gè)。 (3)以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)
25、? (4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。 This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一認(rèn)識(shí)的外國(guó)人。 (5)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had
26、 visited. 我們?cè)L問(wèn)過(guò)的老師和學(xué)校給我們留下了深刻的印象。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。 (6)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ),或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 It’s a book that will help you a lot. 這是一本對(duì)你很有幫助的書。 (7)主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which。 There is a book on the desk that belongs
27、 to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 3. 關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況: (1)先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that。 What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? (2)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that。 This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 (3)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which,而不用that。 Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。
28、 關(guān)系副詞的基本用法 1. when在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間。 He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他記得他入團(tuán)那天。 This was the time when he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 2. where在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示地點(diǎn)。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 這就是魯迅出生的地方。 This is the place where he works. 這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 3. why在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示原因。 This is the reason wh
29、y he is late today. 這就是他今天遲到的原因。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 【典例】I love places _______________ the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. in where D. where 【答案】D 【解析】句意:我喜歡民風(fēng)淳樸的地方。根據(jù)先行詞是places,從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),可知引導(dǎo)詞是in which或者是
30、where,故選D。 中考題演練 1. 【2019 ? 廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)】—Do you know____________? —Yes, we’ll take a bus there. A. when we will go the museum tomorrow B. when will we go to the museum tomorrow C. how we will go the museum tomorrow D. how will we go to the museum tomorrow 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——你知道明天我們?cè)鯓尤ゲ┪镳^嗎?——是的,我們將
31、乘公共汽車去那兒??疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)Do you know______?可知,本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句三要素是:連接詞、賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,可知B、D選項(xiàng)均是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序,所以排除。When什么時(shí)候,是對(duì)時(shí)間的提問(wèn);how如何、怎樣,是對(duì)方式、方法的提問(wèn);再根據(jù)答語(yǔ)Yes, we’ll take a bus there.可知此處應(yīng)是對(duì)方式的提問(wèn),排除A選項(xiàng);故答案選C。 2. 【2019 ? 黑龍省大慶市】Excuse me, could you tell me ____________? A. where is the railway station B. how
32、 can I get to the railway station C. where the railway station is D. how do I get to the railway station 【答案】C 【解析】句意:打擾了,請(qǐng)你告訴我火車站在哪里好嗎?本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序,賓語(yǔ)從句必須要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,A、B、D都是一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序,只有C選項(xiàng)是陳述句的語(yǔ)序,故答案選C。 3. 【2019 ? 四川省廣元市】Jerry asked Mike ____________. A. where did he come from B. where does he co
33、me from C. where he came from 【答案】C 【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句用法。句意:杰瑞問(wèn)麥克_________。根據(jù)主句的動(dòng)詞asked是過(guò)去式可知,賓語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài),排除B;賓語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序的A,故選C。 4. 【2019 ? 湖北省黃石市】—I wonder ____________ in Guangzhou in two hours. —Of course. The high speed train is very fast. A. When I can arrive B. When can I arrive C. whether
34、 I can arrive D. whether can I arrive 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——我想知道我是否能在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)到達(dá)廣州。——當(dāng)然,高鐵非??臁1绢}考查賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除B和D;When I can arrive我什么時(shí)候能到達(dá);whether I can arrive我是否能到達(dá)。根據(jù)Of course可知,問(wèn)的是"我是否能兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)到廣州",故選C。 5. 【2019 ? 黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市】Which of the following sentences is correct? A. I wonder what’s the matter w
35、ith her. B. My mother asked me what I do with my pocket money. C. Could you please tell me where is the nearest hospital? 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)要求是"以下那個(gè)句子是正確的"?A. I wonder what’s the matter with her.我想知道她怎么了;這里是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;B. My mother asked me what I do with my pocket money.我的母親問(wèn)我如何處理零錢;主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去式,從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去式;
36、這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì),do變成did;C. Could you please tell me where is the nearest hospital?請(qǐng)你告訴我最近的醫(yī)院在哪好嗎?這里是賓語(yǔ)從句,要用陳述語(yǔ)序。只有選項(xiàng)A是正確的。根據(jù)題意,故選A。 6. 【2019 ? 甘肅省天水市】The teacher asked Li Hua ____________. A. why is he late for class B. why he is late for class C. why was he late for class D. why he was late for class
37、 【答案】D 【解析】句意:老師問(wèn)李華為什么上課遲到。此句是疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,排除A、C;主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響,從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為D。 【點(diǎn)睛】賓語(yǔ)從句是中考必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,主要考查三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:語(yǔ)序,連接詞和時(shí)態(tài)。 7. 【2019 ? 貴州省貴陽(yáng)市】Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking. He is thinking about ____________. A. how he can make it B. how can he make it C. how will he
38、make it 【答案】A 【解析】句意:約翰尼下定決心戒煙。他正在考慮如何戒煙。這里是賓語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除BC,這里是how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,how he can make it他怎樣能做到。根據(jù)題意,故選A。 8. 【2019 ? 廣西省河池市】My cousin hasn’t decided ____________ this weekend. A. how will he go to Shanghai B. how he will go to Shanghai C. how has he gone to Shanghai D. how he has gone to Sha
39、nghai 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我的表哥還沒(méi)有決定他這個(gè)周末怎樣去上海。how will he go to Shanghai他將怎樣去上海,疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序;how he will go to Shanghai陳述語(yǔ)序;how has he gone to Shanghai疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序;how he has gone to Shanghai他已經(jīng)怎樣去了上海。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序,故先排除A和C。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this weekend可知,這里表示還沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí),故選B。 9. 【2019 ? 江蘇省南通市】—Could you p
40、lease tell me ____________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A. if the scarf looked nice on me B. what’s the new product like C. that Guilin is worth visiting D. how I can order a robot online 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——你能告訴我怎么在網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)機(jī)器人嗎?——很高興。請(qǐng)稍等。這里是賓語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除B,這里是問(wèn)句不能用that引導(dǎo),排除C,Could you please
41、tell me是一般現(xiàn)在是時(shí)態(tài),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),排除A。根據(jù)題意,故選D。 10. 【2019 ? 四川省內(nèi)江市】Could you tell me ____________ this morning? A. what time you had breakfast B. where have you been C. how did you get there D. why will you leave earlier 【答案】A 【解析】句意:你能告訴我你今天早上幾點(diǎn)鐘吃的早飯嗎?考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)Could you tell me ____可知,本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句三要素
42、是:連接詞、賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序,而B、C、D選項(xiàng)均是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序,所以排除。故答案選A。 11. 【2019 ? 江蘇省無(wú)錫市】You’ve no idea ____________ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. That’s billions of dollars! A. how much it will cost. B. how long it will take us C. how much will it cost D. how long will it take us 【答案】A
43、 【解析】句意:你不知道建一個(gè)新機(jī)場(chǎng)要花多少錢。讓我告訴你,年輕人。那是數(shù)十億美元!本題考查同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,因此排除C/D;根據(jù)That’s billions of dollars! 那是數(shù)十億美元!可知,上文應(yīng)該問(wèn)的是建一個(gè)新機(jī)場(chǎng)要花多少錢。而不是多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選A。 12. 【2019 ? 江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市】—Do you believe that humans could live on Mars? —I don’t think ____________. A. if it comes true B. that it will come true C. why
44、it will come true D. how does it come true 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你認(rèn)為人類能在火星上生活嗎?——我認(rèn)為這是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。if it comes true它是否是真的;that it will come true它會(huì)成真的;why it will come true它為什么會(huì)成真;how does it come true它是怎樣成真的。根據(jù)對(duì)話的意思可知,這里應(yīng)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn),A、C和D意思不對(duì),賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用that,故選B。 13. 【2019 ? 云南省昆明市】 In order to take a pleasa
45、nt trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask ____________ . A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous for C. whether is summer a good time to come D. whether summer is a good time to come 【答案】B 【解析】句意:為了去昆明旅游愉快,戴夫給我發(fā)電子郵件,問(wèn)昆明最有名的是什么。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除選項(xiàng)AC;結(jié)合句意"為了去昆明旅游愉快,戴夫給我
46、發(fā)電子郵件,問(wèn)昆明最有名的是什么"可知,主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去時(shí),選項(xiàng)D時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì),也語(yǔ)意不通。故選B。 14.【2019 ? 四川省遂寧市】 Could you tell me ____________? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when they would leave Beijing 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)句意:你能告訴我他們什么時(shí)候離開北京嗎?可知考查賓語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,故排除A
47、 、B;主句中的could表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉,不是過(guò)去時(shí),故從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。 15. 【2019 ? 四川省達(dá)州市】—Linda, could you remember __________? —Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong? A. where are we going after exam B. where we are going after the exam C. where are we going to after the exam D. where we are going to after t
48、he exam 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)句意:——琳達(dá),你還記得考試后我們要去哪里嗎?——你忘了我們答應(yīng)去香港了嗎?考查賓語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除 A、C;where不跟介詞連用。排除D。故選B。 16. 【2019 ? 青海省中考】—I don’ t know __________ we will go. —Why not? We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. Where B. When C. how 【答案】 【解析】句意:——我不知道我們將去哪里?——為什么不知道?我們將去海灘野餐。結(jié)合will go to the beac
49、h for a picnic,可知問(wèn)的是地點(diǎn). A. 哪里;B. 什么時(shí)間;C. 如何。選項(xiàng)A符合題意,故選A。 17. 【2019 ? 內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市】She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意:她對(duì)他所做的事很生氣,以至于她一言不
50、發(fā)地走了出去。第一空考查what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;第二空考查so…that…如此……以至于……。故選A。 18. 【2019 ? 湖南省湘潭市】—Can you tell me __________ on Father’s Day? —Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shop B. where you go C. what you did 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)句意:——你能告訴我在父親節(jié)你做什么嗎?——猜猜是什么?我給我爸爸寫了一首詩(shī)??芍疾橘e語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,故排除 A;結(jié)合 I w
51、rote a poem for my dad,可知連詞是what。 故選C。 19. 【2019 ? 海南省中考】—Sandy, do you know __________? —Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching for B. what is Tom searching for C. who Tom is searching for 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)句意:——桑迪,你知道Tom正在找什么嗎?——知道。關(guān)于黑洞的一些新聞??芍疾橘e語(yǔ)從句,用陳述語(yǔ)序,故排除B;結(jié)合Some news
52、about black holes,可知連詞是what。故選A。 20. 【2019 ? 黑龍江省大慶市】The book __________ I read last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我昨晚讀的那本書真是太棒了。此句考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。A. that先行詞是人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);B. what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;C. whose先行詞是人或物,在從句中作定語(yǔ);D. who先行詞是人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。本句的先行詞book指物,用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),故答案為A。
53、 21. 【2019 ? 甘肅省天水市】—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? —Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. what D. it 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你看過(guò)《流浪地球》這部電影嗎?——這是我看到過(guò)的電影中最好的一部??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,that/which可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,what,it不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,首先排除C,D;先行詞是不定代詞one,前面被形容詞的最高級(jí)best修飾,引導(dǎo)詞只能用tha
54、t不能用which,故答案為A. 22. 【2019 ? 貴州省貴陽(yáng)市】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A. which B. what C. who 【答案】C 【解析】句意:王陽(yáng)明是教育界的一位偉大的教育家,他的大部分思想都是在修文中發(fā)展起來(lái)的。A. which關(guān)系詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是物;B. what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;C. who關(guān)系詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是人,根據(jù) educationalist指人,所以用who,故選
55、C。 23. 【2019 ? 四川省達(dá)州市】—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line? —They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)句意:——弗蘭克,你看!樹下排隊(duì)的孩子們是誰(shuí)? ——他們是來(lái)第一小學(xué)的學(xué)生??芍刃性~是children,指人,作主語(yǔ),故選代詞用who/that,先行詞是復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞
56、用are。故選A。 模擬題檢測(cè) 1. (濟(jì)南匯才學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中)—Excuse me, I wonder ________. —Near Quancheng Square. A. where is Baotu Spring B. when to see Baotu Spring C. how can I get to Baotu Spring D. where Baotu Spring is 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——對(duì)不起,我想知道趵突泉在哪里。——在泉城廣場(chǎng)附近??疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句需用陳述句語(yǔ)序,可排除AC。when什么時(shí)候,問(wèn)時(shí)間;wh
57、ere在哪里,wonder疑惑/想知道,表疑問(wèn);根據(jù)回答Near Quancheng Square在泉城廣場(chǎng)附近,可知問(wèn)的是地點(diǎn),故選D。 2. (廣東梅州梅縣義徑2019——2020學(xué)年上學(xué)期月考題)19.Did the radio say ? A. how the bad rice came B. where the bad rice came from C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from 【答案】B 【解析】句意:收音機(jī)有沒(méi)有說(shuō)壞米是從哪里來(lái)的?考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、
58、語(yǔ)序。A. how the bad rice came(壞米是怎么來(lái)的,陳述句的語(yǔ)序);B. where the bad rice came from(壞米是從哪里來(lái)的,陳述句的語(yǔ)序);C. how did the bad rice come(壞米是怎么來(lái)的,疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序);D. where did the bad rice come from(壞米是從哪里來(lái)的,疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序);賓語(yǔ)從句要按照陳述句的語(yǔ)序,所以,排除CD;疑問(wèn)詞how提問(wèn)方式,where提問(wèn)地點(diǎn);從文字的表層意思推斷空格指“壞米是從哪里來(lái)的”,問(wèn)地點(diǎn),故選B。 3. (河南省南陽(yáng)市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級(jí)中招一模考試).---
59、Could you please tell me ________? ---Yes, she came to teach here just last week. A. that she is a new teacher B. when did she come here C. whether she is a new teacher D. what’s wrong with her 【答案】C 【解析】句意“-你能告訴我她是一個(gè)新老師嗎?-是的,她上周才來(lái)這里教書”。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除B。且根據(jù)Yes, she came to teach here jus
60、t last week可知,問(wèn)的是“她是否是一個(gè)新老師”,that在賓語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)意義也不做成份,whether在從句中不做成份,但譯為“是否”.故選C。 4. (河南省南陽(yáng)市內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)縣2019屆九年級(jí)中招一模) .Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意“你有關(guān)于科學(xué)家方面的適合小孩子讀的書嗎?”。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。A.定語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有what;B.which指物,在從句中作
61、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ);C.who指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ);D.whom指人,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知,先行詞為books指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ),故選B。 5. (安徽省桐城市第二中學(xué)2019屆九年級(jí)下學(xué)期第三次模擬)—I don’t care __________. In this camp, there’s only one hairstyle-short! Understand? —Yes, madam! A. what you are used to liking B. what you used to be like C. what are you used to liking D.
62、 what did you use to be like 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——我不在乎你以前是什么樣子。在這個(gè)營(yíng)地里,只能有短短的一個(gè)發(fā)型!明白了嗎?——明白,夫人!此句連接代詞連接的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句應(yīng)該用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,排除C,D;be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事,used to do過(guò)去常常做某事,結(jié)合句意可知,答案為B。 6. (山東濱州部分地區(qū)2019-2020學(xué)年上學(xué)期第一次階段測(cè)試)The teacher said light _____faster than sound. A. travel B. to travel C. travels D.
63、 travelling 【答案】C 【解析】句意:老師說(shuō)光傳播的比聲音快。“光傳播的比聲音快”這是在陳述自然現(xiàn)象,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是light,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。 7. (北京市上地實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2019-2020學(xué)年九年級(jí)上學(xué)期第二次統(tǒng)練)Do you know where now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 【答案】A 【解析】句意:你知道他現(xiàn)在住在那里嗎?本題中的know后跟的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,用正常的順序,故不選BD,本題問(wèn)的是一般情況,不用過(guò)去時(shí),故
64、本題選A。 8. (2019年江蘇省連云港市贛榆實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬) The boy wants to do a project on recycling. He wonders ________. A. that she will do something to make a difference B. if the project can encourage everyone to recycle C. how can she help others to recycle useful materials D. where can people put the rubbish 【答案
65、】B 【解析】句意:這個(gè)男孩想做一個(gè)回收利用的項(xiàng)目。他想知道這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是否能鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人循環(huán)利用??疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。wonder:想知道,后面一般跟if/whether或特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,可知排除A;賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序,C和D是疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序,B是陳述語(yǔ)序,可知選B。 9. (北京市西城區(qū)2019模擬測(cè)試)-Do you know ________? -In 2022. A. when will the next World Cup begin B. when did the next World Cup begin C. when the next World Cup will
66、 begin D. when the next World Cup began 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——你知道下一屆世界杯將在什么時(shí)候開始嗎?——2022年??疾橘e語(yǔ)從句和一般將來(lái)時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序,因此先排除A、B選項(xiàng);根據(jù)In 2022的回答可知,賓語(yǔ)從句所提到的下一次世界杯將在未來(lái)發(fā)生,應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí),故答案選C。 10. (2019年汕頭市潮南區(qū)模擬)I think that “中國(guó)錦鯉” must be one of the hottest words on the Internet these days, but I don't know . A. what does it mean B. whom it first used by C. how it became popular D. why do people like using it 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我認(rèn)為“中國(guó)錦鯉”是這些天在因特網(wǎng)上最熱的詞匯之一,但是我不知道它怎樣火起來(lái)的。 A. what does it mean它是什么意思;B. whom it first u
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