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1、UNIT 2ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD單詞注釋難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思英國(guó)人到了美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn),其實(shí)英美英語(yǔ)大不相同呢!Problems with American EnglishWhen cars drive in a circle,do they go around a “traffic circle” or a “roundabout”?The first choice sounds strange to me,as we dont say it in Britain,but Ive made Americans laugh for minutes at a time just

2、by saying “roundabout” before.Irish author George Bernard Shaw is believed to have said,“England and America are two countries separated by the same language.”This idea might seem strange,but I think of it whenever I have this type of communication problem with my friends from across the Atlantic.單詞

3、注釋難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思Often,American people simply dont know who Im talking about.Many times Ive had to explain who a British celebrity1 is,even though I assume2 that they must be well-known outside of the UK.It sometimes seems like most Americans dont know who UK Prime Minister David Cameron is,yet in the UK w

4、e know all about Paris Hilton and other unimportant US celebritieshardly fair!There are also many differences in meaning between words and idioms in our two forms of English.I once tried to break up an argument between two Americans by saying,“Come on,leave it out!”(meaning “stop doing or saying tha

5、t”)but they just turned to me looking confused3,wondering what exactly they were supposed to “l(fā)eave out”.At least the argument finished!單詞注釋難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思Another unexpected problem with the two types of English happened to me when I was a teacher.I realized that sometimes when I wrote a word with a Britis

6、h spelling,such as “colour” with a “u”,my students would think that I had spelled it wrong and try to correct me.Having said all of that,I should say that I do really like the way American English sounds,and Ive got nothing against people learning itjust “l(fā)eave it out” if youre thinking of correctin

7、g my spelling!單詞注釋難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思1.celebrity /slebrti/ n.名人2.assume /sjum/ vt.認(rèn)為3.confused /knfjuzd/ adj.困惑的難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思單詞注釋Having said all of that,I should say that I do really like the way American English sounds,and Ive got nothing against people learning itjust “l(fā)eave it out” if youre thinking of correctin

8、g my spelling!譯文:盡管如此,我還是應(yīng)該說(shuō)我確實(shí)很喜歡美式英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音方式,而且我不反對(duì)人們學(xué)習(xí)它只是如果你想改正我的拼寫(xiě)的話(huà),就此打住!剖析:本句的主句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句;Having said .是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ),在句中做讓步狀語(yǔ);破折號(hào)之后的句子由“祈使句+if條件句”組成。難句剖析導(dǎo)讀誘思單詞注釋1.What does the writer think is unfair?2.Why were the writers American friends confused when he said “l(fā)eave it out”?答案:That most Ame

9、ricans dont know those famous people in Britain,even the UK Prime Minister.答案:Because they didnt know what he really meant by saying “l(fā)eave it out”.SECTION WARMING UP, PRE-READING,READING & COMPREHENDING一二三四五六一、世界上很多國(guó)家都把英語(yǔ)列為官方語(yǔ)言,試著把你所知道的列舉出來(lái)答案:Britain,America,Republic of Ireland,Canada,Australia,Ind

10、ia,Singapore,etc.一二三四五六二、將單詞或短語(yǔ)與相對(duì)應(yīng)的釋義搭配起來(lái)AB1.such as a.to take advantage of; to use2.because ofb.now; these days3.actuallyc.as a result of; due to 4.at presentd.a long trip by sea or in space5.voyagee.for example6.make use off.in fact; really 答案:1.e2.c3.f4.b5.d6.a一二三四五六三、美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)在拼寫(xiě)和用詞方面都有所不同, 請(qǐng)根據(jù)

11、平時(shí)的知識(shí)填寫(xiě)下表color centre traveler mail film store 一二三四五六四、閱讀課文THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH, 完成下列表格German ruled less Shakespeare 一二三四五六America Australia government 一二三四五六dictionary The American Dictionary of the English Language American 一二三四五六五、閱讀課文THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH, 完成下列問(wèn)題1.Why did the people i

12、n many other countries besides England begin to speak English in the 17th century?A.Because they wanted to trade with English people.B.Because people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world.C.Because they found English easier to speak.D.Because they wanted to conquer England.答案

13、:B 一二三四五六2.Which of the following words is American English?A.Flat.B.Apartment.C.Honour.D.Metre.3.What was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 based on?A.It was based more on German than the English we speak today.B.It was based more on Danish than the English we speak today.

14、C.It was based only on German.D.It was based only on French.答案:B 答案:A 一二三四五六4.When did two big changes in English spelling happen?A.In the 16th century.B.In 1150.C.In the 19th century.D.In the 20th century.答案:C 一二三四五六六、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空English has changed and 1.(develop)when cultures meet and communicate 2.

15、each other.From AD 450 to 1150,new settlers to England 3.(rich)the English language and enlarged its vocabulary.In 1620,British people began to move to 4. countries,and gradually,English 5.(speak)in many other countries.By the 19th century American English spelling got a separate identity 6. Noah We

16、bster wrote his dictionary.At 7.,more people speak English as their first,8. or a foreign language than ever before.People in South Asia 9. as India,Singapore speak fluent English.China may have the 10.(large)number of English learners.developedwith enriched other was spoken when present second such

17、 largest 123456781.Which country do you think has the most English learners?你覺(jué)得學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人最多的是哪個(gè)國(guó)家?剖析do you think/believe/expect/find/suppose . 作為插入語(yǔ), 放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞后, 其他內(nèi)容緊跟其后并用陳述語(yǔ)序。Why do you think their team could win the football match?你認(rèn)為他們隊(duì)為什么能贏得那場(chǎng)足球賽呢?Who do you expect will take the place of Mr White?你希望誰(shuí)

18、將接替懷特先生的位置?What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news?你認(rèn)為他聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息后會(huì)做什么呢?12345678活學(xué)活用完成句子1)你認(rèn)為在你們國(guó)家誰(shuí)是最好的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員?is the best football player in your country?(think)2)你猜接下來(lái)發(fā)生了什么事?happened next?(suppose)單句改錯(cuò)3)When do you think will we set off for Beijing?Who do you think What do you

19、 suppose 答案:will we we will 123456782.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.后來(lái)在下個(gè)世紀(jì), 英國(guó)人航海去征服世界其他地方, 于是, 許多別的國(guó)家開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。剖析本句是一個(gè)由并列連詞and連接的并列句。Go to school early and you won

20、t be late for class.早點(diǎn)去上學(xué), 你就不會(huì)遲到了。12345678考點(diǎn)because of 因?yàn)? 由于He walked slowly because of his bad leg.他因?yàn)橥炔环奖愣凶呔徛?。They are here because of us.他們是因?yàn)槲覀儊?lái)這里的。Because of his wifes being there, I said nothing about it.由于他的妻子在場(chǎng), 我便沒(méi)提及此事。123456781)辨析because of與because:He was late because of the heavy rain.

21、他因?yàn)橄麓笥赀t到了。I didnt want to attend the party because I was very busy.我不想去參加聚會(huì), 因?yàn)槲液苊Αw納:because of是介詞短語(yǔ), 后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))做賓語(yǔ);because是連詞, 后接句子。2)同義短語(yǔ):due to, thanks to, owing to, as a result of12345678活學(xué)活用完成句子1)我返回來(lái)不是因?yàn)橛杏?而是因?yàn)槲依哿?。I came back the rain, I was tired.2)他由于我講的話(huà)而生我的氣。He got angry with me

22、 what I said.用because或because of填空3)We sent him to hospital immediately he was badly hurt.not because ofbut because because of because 12345678同義句轉(zhuǎn)換4)He had to delay going to Beijing because of his illness.He had to delay going to Beijing because .5)Because of the heavy rain,the boy was late for sch

23、ool.The boy was late for school it rained .語(yǔ)法填空6)The teacher got angry because of his (late).7)Tomatoes began (grow) here in the 17th century.he was ill because heavily being late/lateness to be grown 123456783.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind o

24、f English.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人, 即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同, 也可以相互理解。剖析句中 even if they dont speak the same kind of English是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你不成功, 他們也將支持你。12345678考點(diǎn)even if即使; 盡管Even if I have to sell my house, I will keep my business going.即使要賣(mài)房子, 我還是會(huì)繼續(xù)我的事業(yè)。Sometimes, they say “Hi” t

25、o me even if they do not know me.有時(shí), 他們盡管不認(rèn)識(shí)我, 也會(huì)和我打招呼。歸納:even if是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ), 用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 含義是 “即使;盡管”。even if與even though意義相同。though和although也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Though/Although he is young, he has been to many countries.他盡管年輕, 但已經(jīng)去過(guò)許多國(guó)家了。12345678活學(xué)活用完成句子1)即使你不告訴我,我也會(huì)知道。,Ill know anyway.2)即使蒂姆不經(jīng)常鍛煉,他的身體狀況也很好。Tim

26、 is in good shape physically he doesnt get much exercise.語(yǔ)法填空3)Dont worry.Even if it (rain),well still have a great time.4) my car is very old,it still runs very well.Even if/though you dont tell me even if/though rains Although/Though 123456784.Id like to come up to your apartment.我想到你的公寓去。考點(diǎn)一1)wou

27、ld like意為 “想要, 愿意”, 其語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn), 其后常接名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ), 表示 “具體要” 某樣?xùn)|西。I would like two sweaters for my daughter.我想給我的女兒買(mǎi)兩件毛衣。Would you like this one?你想要這個(gè)嗎?2)would like后面接動(dòng)詞不定式, 表示 “愿意”, 常用于禮貌地提出邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求或建議。Would you like to go there with the boys?你愿意和那些男孩子們?nèi)ツ莾簡(jiǎn)?3)would like 后面可以用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。What would you like me

28、to do?你想要我干什么?12345678考點(diǎn)二come up走近; 上來(lái); 被提到She came up and said, “Glad to meet you.”她走過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō): “很高興見(jiàn)到你?！薄靖呖嫉渚洹?2015湖北高考)A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder fondly.辦公室里一位先生走上前來(lái)憐愛(ài)地拍著賈森的肩膀。The project came up in their conversation.他們的談話(huà)中提到了這項(xiàng)工程。12345678閱讀下面的句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的含義Many problems

29、 have come up at the meeting.會(huì)上提出了許多問(wèn)題。含義:提出Sorry,I cant go with you;something has suddenly come up.對(duì)不起,我不能和你一起去了,突然發(fā)生了一點(diǎn)事。含義:發(fā)生I hope the government can come up with a good plan to stop the housing price increasing too fast.我希望政府能想出一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃來(lái)阻止房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快。含義:想出歸納:come up不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。12345678活學(xué)活用用come up或come up

30、 with的適當(dāng)形式填空1)A difficult question at the meeting last night.2)I hope you can a better plan than this.3)When the question was under discussion, Gloriaan idea that the prices of cars should be reduced.came up come up with came up with 單句改錯(cuò)4)A better idea has been come up in our class.答案:去掉been 123456

31、785.Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事實(shí)上, 當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí), 所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所變化、有所發(fā)展的。剖析本句是一個(gè)含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。 考點(diǎn)actually adv.實(shí)際上; 事實(shí)上【高考典句】(2015江蘇高考)He was actually a published author,and he was currently working on a new book.事實(shí)上他是一位出版過(guò)作品的作家,當(dāng)時(shí)他正寫(xiě)

32、著一部新書(shū)。actually的同義詞組in fact事實(shí)上; as a matter of fact事實(shí)上12345678活學(xué)活用完成句子1)他談到那個(gè)國(guó)家就好像去過(guò)似的,但實(shí)際上他從未去過(guò)。He spoke about the country as if he had been there,.2)她假裝鎮(zhèn)靜,但實(shí)際上當(dāng)被質(zhì)問(wèn)時(shí)她非常緊張。She pretended to be calm she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned.but actually he had never but actually 12

33、345678單句改錯(cuò)3)He thought I was talking about his son, but actual I was talking about my son.語(yǔ)法填空4)(actually),only several people have passed the exam.5)The (actually) price was lower than I had thought.答案:actualactually Actually actual 123456786.It was based more on German than the English we speak at

34、 present.當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ), 而我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)不是。剖析由was based可知本句是一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為:was/were+過(guò)去分詞。The coat was bought last Sunday.這件大衣是上周日買(mǎi)的?？键c(diǎn)一base vt. 以為根據(jù)n. 基部; 基地; 基礎(chǔ)Prices of products are based on several factors.產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格建立在幾種因素的基礎(chǔ)上。12345678【高考典句】(2015福建高考)The research group produced two report

35、s based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions.這個(gè)調(diào)查組在調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上提供了兩份報(bào)告,但是沒(méi)有一份包含著有用的建議。The lamp stands on a metal base.這盞臺(tái)燈是裝在金屬底座上的。The country has military bases on foreign soils.那個(gè)國(guó)家在國(guó)外設(shè)有軍事基地。Maths is the base of all other subjects.數(shù)學(xué)是所有其他學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)。歸納:be based on的含義是 “以為根據(jù)”。派生詞:basic a

36、dj. 基本的; 基礎(chǔ)的12345678考點(diǎn)二at present 現(xiàn)在; 目前The old man is all right at present.目前, 這位老人的狀態(tài)良好。1)閱讀下面的句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的含義和用法,尤其注意其位置The present situation is not disappointing.目前的情況并沒(méi)讓人失望。含義:目前的用法:做定語(yǔ)時(shí),位于名詞之前The people present at the meeting are all for me.出席會(huì)議的所有人都支持我。含義:出席的,在場(chǎng)的用法:做定語(yǔ)時(shí),位于名詞之后2)for the present 暫時(shí)

37、3)同義詞組:at the moment, at the present time12345678活學(xué)活用語(yǔ)法填空1)Alice always (base)her opinions on the facts.I believe in her.2)All of the work we do is based science.3)(base) on a true story,the film is popular.完成句子4)出席會(huì)議的人將會(huì)討論污染問(wèn)題。People would have a discussion on pollution.5)我不知道你現(xiàn)在的住址是什么。 I dont know

38、 what is.bases on Based present at the meeting your present address 123456787.So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世紀(jì), 莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大?？键c(diǎn)make use of利用; 使用【高考典句】(2015四川高考)Most importantly,make use of every possible chance to practice speakin

39、g Mandarin and dont be afraid of making mistakes.最重要的是,利用每一個(gè)可能的機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)說(shuō)普通話(huà),不要害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。We will make good use of our time.我們要好好利用我們的時(shí)間。歸納:make use of中的use前常用形容詞good和full等修飾:make good use of “好好利用”; make full use of “充分利用”。12345678make the most/best of 充分利用We must make the most/best of our limited natural re

40、sources.我們必須充分利用有限的自然資源。12345678活學(xué)活用同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1)We should make full use of every minute to study all the subjects well.Every minute should to study all the subjects well.2)It is very important for you to make the best of your time now.It is very important for you to make your time now.語(yǔ)法填空3)He began to c

41、onsider to make use of these old books.4)You should make use of this chance (improve) your spoken English.be made full use of full use of how to improve 123456788.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡、馬來(lái)西亞和非洲其他國(guó)家, 比如南非, 人們也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。剖析本句是一個(gè)含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

42、態(tài)的句子?？键c(diǎn)such as 例如; 像這種的【高考典句】(2015安徽高考)In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.在很多文化中,在歡迎性的慶?；顒?dòng)時(shí)人們吃像葡萄、面包和月餅等代表家庭團(tuán)圓的圓形食物。歸納:用such as列舉事物時(shí), 一般列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子, 插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間, 后面不可有逗號(hào)。12345678辨析such as和for example:su

43、ch as用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)事物中的幾個(gè)例子, 不用于句首, 后面不跟逗號(hào), 不跟句子。for example用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況, 一般只列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)為例, 做插入語(yǔ), 可位于句首、句中或句末。如:Many great people rose from poor backgroundsLincoln for example.很多偉人出身貧寒, 林肯就是一例。12345678活學(xué)活用用for example或such as填空1)As we all know, many Chinese words have come into English, tofu and kung fu.2)There are many excellent teachers in our school,Mr Wang,.3)Noise, , is a kind of pollution.4)I like drinks, tea and soda.such as for example for example such as