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1、第第3課時(shí)說(shuō)明文、議論文類(lèi)完形填空課時(shí)說(shuō)明文、議論文類(lèi)完形填空怎么考說(shuō)明類(lèi)完形填空常用言簡(jiǎn)意賅的文字，按照一定的方法介紹說(shuō)明做某事的步驟、過(guò)程、方法等。而議論文類(lèi)完形填空通常圍繞某一論點(diǎn)，通過(guò)推理、歸納、對(duì)比和分析等手法加以說(shuō)明。對(duì)兩類(lèi)文體的設(shè)題仍然以實(shí)詞為主，考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。怎么學(xué)在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，對(duì)于說(shuō)明文，要注意文中涉及到的定義、舉例說(shuō)明等具體信息。對(duì)于議論文要注意掌握全文主旨，抓住每段的首句、尾句、主題句，理清文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。怎么解針對(duì)兩種文體的特點(diǎn)，最常用、有效的方法有：尋找信息法；邏輯關(guān)系法；圍繞主旨，上下求證法。1.尋找信息法完形填空尋找信息通常通過(guò)上下文的

2、語(yǔ)境來(lái)進(jìn)行。這樣，上下文通常會(huì)有和解題相關(guān)的信息，這些信息可以幫助學(xué)生解題，從而選出正確答案。【典例剖析】1.(2016浙江卷)The heat was_23_almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌).23.A.inflexible B.incomprehensible C.uncomfortable D.unbearable答案D根據(jù).almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)可知，沙漠環(huán)境讓人難以承受。故選D。2.(2015安徽卷)All around the world，we can

3、 see the_50_of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.50.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences答案D從下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，在全世界我們都可以看到這種一次性的生活方式所帶來(lái)的后果(consequences)。advantage好處；purpose目的；function功能。3.(2015福建卷)Several years ago

4、 I _37_ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 38(bothered) by things.37.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected答案A幾年前，我收到了一封來(lái)自十七歲的Kerry的信。收到來(lái)信用receive。answer a letter回信；expect期待，預(yù)料；reject拒絕。2.邏輯關(guān)系法作者在對(duì)事物的步驟、過(guò)程等進(jìn)行說(shuō)明時(shí)，為了表達(dá)的需要，通常會(huì)運(yùn)用

5、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等寫(xiě)作手法，這些信息是解題的重要依據(jù)?！镜淅饰觥?.(2015安徽卷)_40_modern manufacturing (制造業(yè)) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.40.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of答案A“modern manufacturing(制造業(yè))and technology”是“companies are able to produce products quickly a

6、nd inexpensively”的原因，因此用thanks to“多虧，由于”。as to至于；except for除了；regardless of不管，不考慮。2.(2015北京卷)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night, the two of them 36(sat) side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new hom

7、e.The loud 37(music) filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, _38_， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39(note) under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building super

8、intendent(管理員) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40(nice) people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41(neighbors) and apologize for their playing.38.A.therefore B.howeverC.otherwise D.instea

9、d答案B根據(jù)上文中的“made them feel very happy”以及空后的“their happiness disappeared”可知，此處應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。3.圍繞主旨，上下求證法善于從上下文中利用正向推斷法，逆向推斷法和正向逆向聯(lián)合推斷法解題?！镜淅饰觥?2014全國(guó)卷)As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常規(guī))basis.As a matter of fact，we can see this _41_ at w

10、ork in people of all _42_.For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about _43_ with their new toys.41.A.principle B.habitC.way D.power答案A第一句as a general rule點(diǎn)明主旨：通常情況下，當(dāng)所有的活動(dòng)以常規(guī)形式進(jìn)行的時(shí)候就會(huì)變得無(wú)聊。下文的多處選項(xiàng)均可圍繞這一主旨選擇答案，故選A項(xiàng)，表示作者提出的是一般性的規(guī)律。42.A.parties B.racesC.countries D.ages答案D根據(jù)下文各個(gè)年齡段的人群，選D項(xiàng)

11、，也是圍繞這一主旨論點(diǎn)的。43.A.working B.livingC.playingD.going答案C選C項(xiàng)，孩子們玩新玩具。策略三完形填空解題四防范失分防范1忽略上下語(yǔ)境關(guān)系不少考生做完形填空時(shí)不顧對(duì)全文的整體理解，不考慮作者的主旨、思想態(tài)度等，甚至不顧上下文的連貫邏輯，看一題做一題，顧此失彼，造成較多的失誤分?！镜淅饰觥?I _44_ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a 45(stranger)，who was trying to get past m

12、e.46(Surprisingly)，instead of moving on，she stopped to ask if I was 47(OK).After I explained my _48_ to her，she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49(appointment).Sitting there waiting，I felt _50_ that someone had been willing to help.Then，hear

13、ing a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend 51(waving) at me to get in.44.A.looked at B.waited forC.got off D.ran into答案C根據(jù)上文可知，“我”下了公交車(chē)，站在人行道上不知所措。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知C項(xiàng)正確。有不少考生不顧上文語(yǔ)境而誤選B項(xiàng)“等公交車(chē)”，導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。48.A.idea B.motivationC.excuse D.situation答案D根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，當(dāng)“我”向她解釋了“我”的處境之后，situation處境，境況，故選D。此選

14、項(xiàng)如果忽略上下語(yǔ)境則容易誤選其它選項(xiàng)。50.A.afraid B.gratefulC.certain D.disappointed答案B根據(jù)上下文，有人愿意主動(dòng)幫“我”，“我”非常感激(grateful)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知B項(xiàng)正確。如果忽略下文語(yǔ)境“我”的思想，則容易誤選D項(xiàng)。失分防范2忽略搭配與詞義的推敲【典例剖析】.Twenty years later，the 43(woman) could guess what the professor had in mind.He _44_ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an e

15、xciting _45_ into an unknown world invisible(無(wú)形的) to the 46(eye)，which can be discovered only through scientific 47(methods).44.A.described B.respectedC.saw D.served答案C句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀請(qǐng)學(xué)生去探索未知 世 界 。 s e e . . . a s . . . 把 看 成 ， 所 以 應(yīng) 選 C 項(xiàng) 。describe.as.“把描述為”；respect.as.“把尊為”；serve as“充當(dāng)”；雖然搭配都對(duì)，但如果忽

16、略上下文語(yǔ)境意義，則容易導(dǎo)致誤選。45.A.voyage B.movementC.change D.rush答案A根據(jù)句意“邀請(qǐng)學(xué)生開(kāi)始令人激動(dòng)地對(duì)未知世界的探索之旅”。所以應(yīng)填voyage“航行”。B項(xiàng)側(cè)重于“短暫的行為活動(dòng)”，而作者意為“偉大的歷程”，而C項(xiàng)“改變”，D項(xiàng)“匆忙，急促”更與文章主旨無(wú)關(guān)。失分防范3偏離主題，忽略作者意圖完形填空設(shè)置選項(xiàng)往往在詞性、詞義上都是一致、相似的選項(xiàng)，代入設(shè)空處沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法毛病，意義上相差甚微，此時(shí)一定要推測(cè)文章主題、作者意圖、主旨等，不可馬虎草率。【典例剖析】.I _38_.Thanking him，I made a time with him to l

17、isten to all the songs and choose 39(the_ones) that I could sing.I have come full circle with his help.His _40_ still warms my heart and makes me do just that bit extra，when I have the chance.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】我因病身體殘疾，但熱愛(ài)音樂(lè)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難需要掙錢(qián)補(bǔ)貼家用時(shí)，我想發(fā)揮自己的愛(ài)好和特長(zhǎng)，去餐館唱歌掙錢(qián)。在我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)昂貴的音樂(lè)光盤(pán)時(shí)，音樂(lè)店的老板拿出自己視為珍寶的800首歌曲隨便讓“我”挑選。 38.

18、A.had to cry B.ought to cryC.should have cried D.could have cried答案D(我很感動(dòng))，可能當(dāng)時(shí)我早已淚流滿面，故選D項(xiàng)，could have cried表示“當(dāng)時(shí)可能已哭了”，才真正符合作者的表達(dá)意圖。A項(xiàng)“不得不哭”不能表達(dá)作者的“感激之情”。B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該哭”，C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該哭而沒(méi)有哭”都不是作者的意圖。40.A.courage B.devotionC.kindness D.trust答案C根據(jù)全文可知，作者詳細(xì)描述店主對(duì)自己的幫助，店主的善舉感動(dòng)了作者，故選C項(xiàng)。kindness“友好行為，善舉”。而其他選項(xiàng)都不是作者要表達(dá)的主旨。

19、失分防范4只顧詞義，忽略語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)近幾年完形填空中很少涉及語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，但并不是不涉及，有時(shí)選項(xiàng)中某兩項(xiàng)意義接近，甚至一樣，但涉及到語(yǔ)法時(shí)，則只有一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。【典例剖析】.A man will be 2(reading) the newspaper，and seconds later it _3_ as if he is trying to 4(eat) it.3.A.acts B.showsC.appears D.sounds答案C如果理解為“他的行為”或“他表現(xiàn)地要吃報(bào)紙”，則容易誤選A或B項(xiàng)。此處It appears/seems as if.為固定句型，意思是“看起來(lái)好像”。此處意為“幾秒鐘之后，他看起來(lái)好像在吃報(bào)紙(打瞌睡)?！惫蚀鸢笧镃項(xiàng)。