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1、 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國第三大洲，但是人口最多。加利福尼亞是美國第三大洲，但是人口最多。注意注意(1) 對(duì)人口提問用對(duì)人口提問用what, 不用不用how many, how much。Whats the population of the city?這個(gè)城市有多少人口？這個(gè)城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)，但前有分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)，作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)，但前有分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用

2、復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國人口比美國人口多。中國人口比美國人口多。 80% of the population are farmers. 百分之百分之80的人口是農(nóng)民。的人口是農(nóng)民。 (3) 人口的增加或減少用人口的增加或減少用grow (increase) 和和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用人口的多少用large和和small。 There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few y

3、ears. 近幾年該城市人口增長很快。近幾年該城市人口增長很快。2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來自世界各地元文化的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來

4、自世界各地的人們。這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語言在的人們。這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。having attracted people from all over the world 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)作是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)作state的定語，的定語， 其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句which has attracted people from all over the world.live on 繼續(xù)生活或存在。如：繼續(xù)生活或存在。如：Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.畢加索人已作古，但他

5、的畫卻完事流傳。畢加索人已作古，但他的畫卻完事流傳。 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. no one really knows 是主句是主句, exactly when California是是know的賓語從句。的賓語從句。what we California是賓語從句是賓語從句, 作介詞作介詞in的賓語。的賓語。 4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living i

6、n California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人某人/物有可能做某事物有可能做某事注意注意: likely 比較級(jí)為比較級(jí)為 likelier, 最高級(jí)為最高級(jí)為 likelieste.g. She is _to succeed. 她有可能會(huì)成功她有可能會(huì)成功. = It is likely that she will succeed.likelyThis is a _story.這是一個(gè)有可能發(fā)生的故事這是一個(gè)有可能

7、發(fā)生的故事.likely辨析辨析: likely, possible, probable按可能性程度按可能性程度, probable可能性最大可能性最大, 其次為其次為likely, 最小為最小為possible.但需要注意的是但需要注意的是, likely的主語可以是人的主語可以是人, 但但possible, probable卻只能卻只能用形式主語用形式主語it.5. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land brid

8、ge which existed in prehistoric times.by means of 用某方法；借助于某事物。如：用某方法；借助于某事物。如：The workers lifted the large wooden boxes by means of a crane. 工人們用起重機(jī)把那些大木工人們用起重機(jī)把那些大木箱吊起來。箱吊起來。 6. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. 在在16世紀(jì)世紀(jì), 歐洲人到來之后歐洲人到來之后, 當(dāng)?shù)厝讼萑肓?/p>

9、極大的苦難。當(dāng)?shù)厝讼萑肓藰O大的苦難。vi. 受痛苦；受損害受痛苦；受損害vt. 遭受；忍受遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：辨析：suffer與與suffer from suffer (vt.) 和和suffer from的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：suffer 指一指一般的損害、痛苦等等般的損害、痛苦等等, 其賓語為其賓語為pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)，但，但suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭，自然災(zāi)表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭

10、，自然災(zāi)害帶來的苦難及患病之意。害帶來的苦難及患病之意。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受結(jié)果承受結(jié)果/遭受大損失遭受大損失/負(fù)傷負(fù)傷 suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood 遭受頭痛遭受頭痛/疾病的困擾疾病的困擾/戰(zhàn)爭洪水戰(zhàn)爭洪水7. In addition, many died from the disease brought by Europeans.in addition to: 除此之外除此之外,另外另外,加之加之 e.g. I met my past teacher and some

11、 former classmates _ in the supermarket.我在超市里遇見了我以前的老師我在超市里遇見了我以前的老師,還有些同班同學(xué)還有些同班同學(xué).in addition_cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits.除了有蛋糕和糖果除了有蛋糕和糖果, 還給客人們準(zhǔn)備了水果還給客人們準(zhǔn)備了水果.In addition to 辨析：辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饑餓死于疾病、饑餓, 多指內(nèi)部原因。多指內(nèi)部原因。 die from 常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故常用死于創(chuàng)傷、交通事故,

12、 多指外部未知原因。多指外部未知原因。 die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/ old age 死于癌癥饑餓悲痛干旱衰老死于癌癥饑餓悲痛干旱衰老 die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause 死于外傷過度勞累不明原因死于外傷過度勞累不明原因 Many of them died of starvation. The soldier died from a wound in the breast. Some die of hunger, but some _ eating too much. A. die from B. fr

13、om C. X D. of brought by Europeans 為過去分詞作定語為過去分詞作定語,相相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于which were brought by Europeans, 注意注意單個(gè)分詞作定語放在所修飾的詞前面單個(gè)分詞作定語放在所修飾的詞前面, 分詞分詞短語作定語需放在所修飾的詞之后短語作定語需放在所修飾的詞之后.English is a _ language.英語是一種被廣泛使用的語言英語是一種被廣泛使用的語言.widely usedThis is one of the schools _ in 1980s.這是八十年代所建的學(xué)校之一這是八十年代所建的學(xué)校之一.built8. H

14、owever, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.1) to not die in an accident, on war or from an illness.幸免幸免,幸免于難幸免于難 e.g. Only 12 of the 140 passengers _ 在在140名乘客中只有名乘客中只有12人幸免于難人幸免于難.survivesurvived2)to continue to

15、live normally and not be too Upset by the problems. 挺過來挺過來,掙扎過下去掙扎過下去e.g. I dont think I _ another Year as a teacher; just too stressful.could survive3)To live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you 比比(某人某人)長壽長壽,比比(通常指親人通常指親人)活的更長活的更長 e.g. Harry _ his wife by three months.

16、哈里比他妻子多活了三個(gè)月哈里比他妻子多活了三個(gè)月.survivedliving in California 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,相相當(dāng)于定語從句當(dāng)于定語從句who live in California. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),也可以也可以表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或者與謂語動(dòng)詞所表表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或者與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生示的的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.e.g. There are three types of tiger living in China (that live in China).目前中國有三種虎目前

17、中國有三種虎.The picture hanging (that is hanging) on thewall is painted by my nephew.墻上掛著的那幅畫是我侄兒畫的墻上掛著的那幅畫是我侄兒畫的. 9. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世紀(jì)早期世紀(jì)早期, 西班牙士兵到達(dá)南美洲西班牙士兵到達(dá)南美洲, 這時(shí)同土著人作斗這時(shí)同土著人

18、作斗爭并占領(lǐng)這片土地。爭并占領(lǐng)這片土地。 fight for “為事業(yè)為事業(yè), 自由自由, 真理真理, 權(quán)利等而斗爭權(quán)利等而斗爭(戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗)”fight against (可用可用with) the enemy “為反對(duì)為反對(duì)而斗爭而斗爭”；接人和國家名詞，；接人和國家名詞， 意思是意思是“與與戰(zhàn)斗戰(zhàn)斗”。辨析辨析: fight against, fight for與與fight withfight with sb. 也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn) fight a war/ battle 打一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭打一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭 They are fighting for freedom. 他們正為

19、自由而戰(zhàn)。他們正為自由而戰(zhàn)。10. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men . 在第一批來到加利福尼亞的西班牙人中大多數(shù)在第一批來到加利福尼亞的西班牙人中大多數(shù)是來向土著人傳授天主教教義的傳道士。是來向土著人傳授天主教教義的傳道士。 1)句中句中Spanish前面有序數(shù)詞限定成分，故其后用不前面有序數(shù)詞限定成分，故其后用不定式定語形式。定式定語形式。 She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize. 2)majority作作“多數(shù)，大半多數(shù)，

20、大半”講講, 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)單獨(dú)作主語時(shí), 謂謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù), 在強(qiáng)調(diào)在強(qiáng)調(diào)“多數(shù)成員的各個(gè)成員多數(shù)成員的各個(gè)成員”時(shí)時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 the majority of后可用單數(shù)名詞后可用單數(shù)名詞, 也也可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of 后面后面的名詞相一致。的名詞相一致。 The majority of people prefer peace to war. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 11. However, there is still a strong

21、Spanish influence in the state.influence n. 影響力影響力,作用作用,有影響的人或物有影響的人或物e.g. Claudes work had _on generations of musicians. 克勞德的作品對(duì)幾代音樂家都產(chǎn)生過重要影響克勞德的作品對(duì)幾代音樂家都產(chǎn)生過重要影響.Her mother said that I was _on her daughter.她母親說我對(duì)她女兒產(chǎn)生了很壞的影響她母親說我對(duì)她女兒產(chǎn)生了很壞的影響.a major influencea bad influence 12. Some died or returned

22、 home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 1) remain的用法的用法: remain用作不及物動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 意為意為 “剩下、留下、剩下、留下、呆在呆在”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于stay。如如: When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room. 別人走了別人走了, 瓊留下來清掃房間。瓊留下來清掃房間。 stay通常指在某地呆一段時(shí)間而不離開通常指在某地呆一段時(shí)間

23、而不離開, 過暫時(shí)過暫時(shí)住在某地住在某地, 尤指賓客逗留尤指賓客逗留,而而remain指別人已經(jīng)走指別人已經(jīng)走了了, 而某人仍在原地。而某人仍在原地。 He stayed at the hotel for three days. Only a few leaves remained (=were still) on the tree. 樹上只剩下幾片葉子了。樹上只剩下幾片葉子了。 The Smiths remained there all through the year. 史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。 The soldiers were ordered t

24、o remain where they were. 士兵們接到命令呆在原地。士兵們接到命令呆在原地。注意注意: “呆在那里呆在那里”可以說可以說remain / stay there, 但但“呆在家里呆在家里”只能說只能說stay (at) home。 remain作連系動(dòng)詞作連系動(dòng)詞, 意意為為 “一直保持一直保持,仍然處于某種狀態(tài)中仍然處于某種狀態(tài)中”, 后后可接多種成分作表語?？山佣喾N成分作表語。 2) make a life 開始新的生活開始新的生活 They go to big cities to make a life. 他們?nèi)ゴ蟪鞘虚_始新的生活。他們?nèi)ゴ蟪鞘虚_始新的生活。 關(guān)于關(guān)

25、于life的短語：的短語： earn/make/get a living 謀生謀生 lead/live a .life 過著過著.的生活的生活1) 接名詞作表語接名詞作表語Peter became a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理彼得當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理, 但約翰仍然是一個(gè)工人。但約翰仍然是一個(gè)工人。 Their marriage remains a secret. 他們的婚姻仍然是個(gè)秘密。他們的婚姻仍然是個(gè)秘密。2) 接形容詞作表語接形容詞作表語Whatever great progress you have made, you should

26、remain modest. 無論你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步無論你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步, 你都應(yīng)一直保持你都應(yīng)一直保持謙虛。謙虛。The shop remains open until 11 at night. 這個(gè)商店一直營業(yè)到晚上十一點(diǎn)。這個(gè)商店一直營業(yè)到晚上十一點(diǎn)。3) 接過去分詞作表語接過去分詞作表語, 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如:They never remained satisfied with their successes. 他們從不滿足于自己的成績。他們從不滿足于自己的成績。 (表主語所處的狀態(tài)表主語所處的狀態(tài)) They r

27、emained locked in the room. 他們?nèi)匀槐绘i在房子里。他們?nèi)匀槐绘i在房子里。 (已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作)4) 接現(xiàn)在分詞作表語接現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示正在進(jìn)行的主表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如:The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading. 客人進(jìn)來了客人進(jìn)來了,但她仍然坐在桌旁看書。但她仍然坐在桌旁看書。 (正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作) They remained listening. 他們一直在聽。他們一直在聽。5) 接不定式作表語接不定式作表語, 表示將

28、來的動(dòng)作。如表示將來的動(dòng)作。如: This remains to be proved. 這有待證實(shí)。這有待證實(shí)。 (將來被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將來被動(dòng)動(dòng)作) Whether it will do us good remains to be seen. 這是否對(duì)我們有好處這是否對(duì)我們有好處, 還要看一看。還要看一看。 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 6)

29、 接介詞短語作表語接介詞短語作表語 I have remained in touch with the Greens for more than 10 years. 我和格林一家保持了十多年的聯(lián)系。我和格林一家保持了十多年的聯(lián)系。 He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不住院他不得不住院, 直到身體好轉(zhuǎn)。直到身體好轉(zhuǎn)。注意注意: remain 作名詞時(shí)作名詞時(shí),表示表示“剩余物剩余物”, 一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The remains of a meal can be given to a pig. 殘湯剩

30、飯可以喂豬。殘湯剩飯可以喂豬。 They found some remains of the Tang Dynasty. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些唐代遺物。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些唐代遺物。 remaining 是形容詞是形容詞, 意為意為“剩余的剩余的”,常作前置定語常作前置定語; 而而left則只能作后置定語。則只能作后置定語。如如: There are only 5 books left. 只剩下五本書了。只剩下五本書了。 He bought me a gift with the remaining money. 他用剩余的錢給我買了一件禮物。他用剩余的錢給我買了一件禮物。 hardshiphardship n

31、. 艱難艱難,困苦困苦He never feared hardship.他從來不怕艱苦。他從來不怕艱苦。 13. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到到1850年加利福尼亞選舉成為美國的第年加利福尼亞選舉成為美國的第31個(gè)州為止，個(gè)州為止，她已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)多元文化的社會(huì)。她已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)多元文化的社會(huì)。 “by the time + 從句從句” 作時(shí)間狀語，作時(shí)間狀語，

32、若從若從句用一般過去時(shí)句用一般過去時(shí), 主句常用過去完成時(shí)主句常用過去完成時(shí); 若從句用一般若從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí), 主句就用將來完成時(shí)。主句就用將來完成時(shí)。 By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself. elect vt.1. 選舉選舉;推選推選They elected Tom as their representative.他們選舉湯姆作為他們的代表。他們選舉湯姆作為他們的代表。We elected our monitor by a show of hands.我們舉手選舉了班長。我們

33、舉手選舉了班長。2. 選擇選擇,決定決定 +to-v 14. .it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s . ., 但是更大批量的移民卻是在但是更大批量的移民卻是在19世紀(jì)世紀(jì)60年代為了年代為了修建貫穿美國東部海岸的鐵路而來到加利福尼亞的。修建貫穿美國東部海岸的鐵路而來到加利福尼亞的。 本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (

34、who) + 句子其他部分。句子其他部分。 此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語, 賓語和狀語。賓語和狀語。 原句：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間：強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間

35、： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用注意不用when) 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.練習(xí)：練習(xí)： 1) It was last night _ I see the comet. A. the time B. when C. that D. which 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who)

36、+ 主謂句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只主謂句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè)，有兩個(gè)，that和和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，且為句子的主語時(shí)，才用且為句子的主語時(shí)，才用 “who”，其余其余用用that。 2). It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A.。其其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是, 去掉去掉It be that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It isthat”

37、, 只剩下只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。15. which today still keeps up their Danish culture.保持；堅(jiān)持保持；堅(jiān)持The manager asked the workers to keep up the work. 經(jīng)理要求工人們繼續(xù)干活。經(jīng)理要求工人們繼續(xù)干活。繼續(xù)；持續(xù)繼續(xù)；持續(xù)The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded. 雨持續(xù)下了兩天，路雨持續(xù)下了兩天，路

38、面積水成災(zāi)。面積水成災(zāi)。 16. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians Vietnamese and Laotians. 最近幾十年最近幾十年,加利福尼亞成了亞洲人的家鄉(xiāng)加利福尼亞成了亞洲人的家鄉(xiāng), 其中包其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鮮人、越南人和老撾人。括柬埔寨人、朝鮮人、越南人和老撾人。 這是一個(gè)簡單句。句中有這是一個(gè)簡單句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)等時(shí)間狀語時(shí),

39、 句子的謂句子的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)成完成時(shí)，如語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)成完成時(shí)，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外另外, including 是介詞是介詞, 意為意為“包括包括(于于之中之中)”。Language points for Reading II1. Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed, the conductor could not c

40、ontrol the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.apparently 據(jù)我所知據(jù)我所知,顯然的顯然的,顯而易見的顯而易見的.e.g. I wasnt there, but _ it was a good party.我那時(shí)不在場(chǎng)我那時(shí)不在場(chǎng),但據(jù)我所知但據(jù)我所知,那次聚會(huì)搞的不錯(cuò)那次聚會(huì)搞的不錯(cuò).She managed to climb out of the car,_ unhurt.她設(shè)法爬出了窗外她設(shè)法爬出了窗外,看上去并未受傷看上去并未受傷.apparentlyappa

41、rently(1) slip滑，滑倒，失足滑，滑倒，失足 A tram slipped of/from her hand. 書本從她的手中滑落。書本從她的手中滑落。(2) n. C 小錯(cuò)誤小錯(cuò)誤 Its normal for a young man to make a slip. 年輕人犯錯(cuò)誤很正常。年輕人犯錯(cuò)誤很正常。與與slip相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語： slip off迅速脫去（衣服）迅速脫去（衣服） slip on 迅速穿上（衣服）迅速穿上（衣服） slip out 被無意說出被無意說出 slip out of 迅速脫下（衣服）迅速脫下（衣服） slip sth. over on sb.

42、 巧妙地捉弄某人，欺騙某人巧妙地捉弄某人，欺騙某人 slip up 犯錯(cuò)誤，疏忽犯錯(cuò)誤，疏忽 In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from _ on icy roads. A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping 在冬天，司機(jī)很難避免汽車在結(jié)了冰的路面在冬天，司機(jī)很難避免汽車在結(jié)了冰的路面上打滑。上打滑。 skate表示表示“(在冰面上在冰面上)滑行滑行”、“溜溜(冰冰)”一般指滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)；一般指滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)；skid表示表示“(人、車人、車等行進(jìn)時(shí)因路面滑而向一側(cè)等行進(jìn)時(shí)因路面滑而向

43、一側(cè))打滑，滑倒打滑，滑倒”；slide表示表示“(在冰、滑梯、跑道等上在冰、滑梯、跑道等上)滑行，滑行，滑動(dòng)；滑落滑動(dòng)；滑落”；slip表示表示“失腳，滑跤失腳，滑跤”，常指由于不小心、路滑等而滑倒。根據(jù)句常指由于不小心、路滑等而滑倒。根據(jù)句意，此處指意，此處指“車輪的打滑車輪的打滑”。2. Teamed up with a couple from my hotel and hired a car.team up with 與與合作或一起工合作或一起工作作, 與與結(jié)成一隊(duì)結(jié)成一隊(duì) e.g. Lets team up! 讓我們聯(lián)起手來吧讓我們聯(lián)起手來吧! It s a pleasure to

44、_ such an excellent worker. 與這樣的優(yōu)秀工人合作真是件愉快事與這樣的優(yōu)秀工人合作真是件愉快事.team up with3. Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourist.有一種專門為旅游者選定的駕車游活動(dòng)。有一種專門為旅游者選定的駕車游活動(dòng)。mark out v.劃線標(biāo)出劃線標(biāo)出.界線界線Mr Powel has marked out a general course of action. 鮑威爾先生已經(jīng)擬定了一個(gè)總的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。鮑威爾先生已經(jīng)擬定了一個(gè)總的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。take in (1) 吸收，收留，收容，收養(yǎng)，

45、接待吸收，收留，收容，收養(yǎng)，接待 Our party branch took in a new member yesterday. 我們黨支部昨天吸收了一名新黨員。我們黨支部昨天吸收了一名新黨員。4. Its a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. 正是這公里的往返旅程包括了所正是這公里的往返旅程包括了所有的著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。有的著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。(2) 包括包括 This price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food. 這個(gè)價(jià)格包括了食宿等一

46、切費(fèi)用。這個(gè)價(jià)格包括了食宿等一切費(fèi)用。(3) 理會(huì)理會(huì), 理解理解, 記住記住 I wonder if hes really taking it in. 我想知道他是否真正明白了。我想知道他是否真正明白了。(4) 欺騙，使上當(dāng)欺騙，使上當(dāng) The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies. 這個(gè)推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太容易上當(dāng)受騙。這個(gè)推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太容易上當(dāng)受騙。與與take相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語： take after 長得像長得像 take apart 拆開，拆卸拆開，拆卸 take away 拿開，拿走拿開，拿走take back 收回，使回憶起

47、收回，使回憶起take off 拿走，取下，去掉；脫去；（使）拿走，取下，去掉；脫去；（使）離開；起跳（飛），（飛）機(jī)起飛離開；起跳（飛），（飛）機(jī)起飛take on 承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，雇用承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，雇用take over 接管，接替接管，接替take to 喜歡，習(xí)慣喜歡，習(xí)慣take up with 和和交往，和交往，和要好要好5. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. 這里有一些有趣的寺廟、一些集市和許這里有一些有趣的寺廟、一些集市和許多飯店。多飯店?！霸S多，大

48、量許多，大量”，修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞manymany a/ana great/good manya good/large number of修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞mucha good/great deal of a large amount ofamounts of修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞a lot oflots ofa quantity ofquantities ofplenty ofa supply ofsupplies of注意注意: : (1) amounts of與與quantities of后接不可數(shù)后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂

49、語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Large amounts of money are spent on tobacco every year. 每年都要花大量金錢在煙草上。每年都要花大量金錢在煙草上。(2) many a +(sing.) n. 作短語，謂語動(dòng)作短語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞用單數(shù)。 Many a student wants to see the film Hero. 很多學(xué)生想看電影很多學(xué)生想看電影英雄英雄。6. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects ab

50、out the history of Chinese immigration, but its closed in the evening. 博物館里有文件，照片和各種各樣的有博物館里有文件，照片和各種各樣的有關(guān)中國移民史的物品，但是晚上關(guān)門了。關(guān)中國移民史的物品，但是晚上關(guān)門了。immigration: n. 移居移居,移民移民There are strict controls on immigration into this country. 移民到這個(gè)國家有嚴(yán)格的限制。移民到這個(gè)國家有嚴(yán)格的限制。The immigration officer stamped my passport. 移

51、民官員在我的護(hù)照上蓋了戳。移民官員在我的護(hù)照上蓋了戳。7. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.apply for 申請(qǐng)申請(qǐng) 請(qǐng)示得到請(qǐng)示得到Nobody applied for the reward. 誰也沒有申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)金。誰也沒有申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)金。 apply for apply at apply toapply for 的賓語在內(nèi)容上應(yīng)當(dāng)是希望獲得的的賓語在內(nèi)容上應(yīng)當(dāng)是希望獲得的事物，

52、例如工作（事物，例如工作（job, work），職務(wù)（），職務(wù)（post, position），獎(jiǎng)金（），獎(jiǎng)金（reward），簽證），簽證(visa) 等等apply to 可以指用任何方式去申請(qǐng)，例如書信，可以指用任何方式去申請(qǐng)，例如書信，電訊，親自到場(chǎng)等等，而電訊，親自到場(chǎng)等等，而apply at 則指親自到則指親自到場(chǎng)去申請(qǐng)。例如：場(chǎng)去申請(qǐng)。例如： He applied at the local police station for a certificate. 他向當(dāng)?shù)鼐炀稚暾?qǐng)了執(zhí)照。他向當(dāng)?shù)鼐炀稚暾?qǐng)了執(zhí)照。 Job seeks should apply at the perso

53、nnel office. 尋找工作的人應(yīng)當(dāng)親自到人事處提出申請(qǐng)。尋找工作的人應(yīng)當(dāng)親自到人事處提出申請(qǐng)。 8. noticing how the listener reacts and, if necessary ,changing your way of speakingto suit the listener.react 反應(yīng)反應(yīng),回應(yīng)回應(yīng),作出反應(yīng)作出反應(yīng) e.g. How did she _ to your answer? 對(duì)你的回答她如何反應(yīng)對(duì)你的回答她如何反應(yīng)? The people soon _ the dictator. 人民很快起來反對(duì)獨(dú)裁者人民很快起來反對(duì)獨(dú)裁者.reactr

54、eacted against Noun Clauses 名詞性從句名詞性從句Grammar (5m)1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 高考鏈接【試析【試析】這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。連接的并列句。And后是后是一個(gè)含有主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是一個(gè)含有主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主語

55、從句則是主語從句則是who it is that Im talking to.而在主語從句中，而在主語從句中，又有一個(gè)定語從句，修飾又有一個(gè)定語從句，修飾who. Who既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也既是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，也在在it is中作表語中作表語.如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說如果再細(xì)一點(diǎn)，說who是是 (talking) to的介的介詞賓語也可以。詞賓語也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D

56、. how 【試析【試析】主語從句中缺少做主語的成分，故選主語從句中缺少做主語的成分，故選C.3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because 【試析【試析】what 在此作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句，在此作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語。并在從句中作主語。that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只起引引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，只起引導(dǎo)作用

57、，不作任何成分導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分.4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants. A.what B.which C.when D.that 【試析【試析】這是一個(gè)賓語從句這是一個(gè)賓語從句,wants后面缺少賓語后面缺少賓語, Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一是一句諺語句諺語, 意思是意思是永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要的東西永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實(shí)想要

58、的東西。故答案為故答案為A。5.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 【試析【試析】這是由這是由what 引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語從句，在從引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興句中充當(dāng)主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為奮的事。故答案為A。6.-I drove

59、to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where 【試析【試析】這是一個(gè)由這是一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句,表示表示原因原因.這句話的意思是這句話的意思是這就是你離開的原因這就是你離開的原因嗎嗎?。故答案為。故答案為A。7.He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 【試析【試析】答案答案A。該題考查定語從句中加入插入語。該題考查定語從句中加入插入語的用法，因插入語應(yīng)位于引導(dǎo)詞之后，所以的用法，因插入語應(yīng)位于引導(dǎo)詞之后，所以D項(xiàng)不項(xiàng)不對(duì)，對(duì)，B、C兩項(xiàng)無法構(gòu)成正確結(jié)構(gòu)。兩項(xiàng)無法構(gòu)成正確結(jié)構(gòu)。