《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項(xiàng)項(xiàng)破 專題9 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項(xiàng)項(xiàng)破 專題9 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件（48頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專題九情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題九情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 一、常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1can，could的用法情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用法can/could表能力can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力。表請求could不表示過去，只表示語氣的委婉、客氣，但回答時必須用can。情態(tài)動詞用法can/could表可能性(1)一般用在否定句及疑問句中，could可用于肯定句；(2)用于肯定句，表示理論上的可能性或一時的情況；常譯為“有時會”。表情感用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，表驚奇、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。固定句型cannottoo/enough表示“無論也不過分；越越好”；cannot but do sth

2、.表示“只能，不得不”。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點(diǎn)津(1)表示能力時，can與be able to意義相同，但是can僅用在一般現(xiàn)在時及一般過去時(could)，be able to可用于更多時態(tài)；(2)過去形式的could與was/were able to相比，could僅說明具備某種能力，而was/were able to則側(cè)重通過某種努力已經(jīng)達(dá)到某種結(jié)果，常譯為“成功做到了”。 2.may，might的用法情態(tài)動詞用法may/might表請求、允許might不表示過去，僅表示語氣更加委婉、客氣。表可能性表示把握性不大的推測，不用于疑問句中；might表示的可能性比may更小。情態(tài)動詞用法may/

3、might表祝愿表示祝愿時將may放在句首，其后的句子要用動詞原形。固定用法may/might as well do sth.是其常見的固定用法，意為“不妨做某事；還是做某事為好”。 3.will，would的用法情態(tài)動詞用法will/would用于第二人稱作主語的疑問句，表示請求、建議等。表示意志、決心或愿望。表示客觀上的習(xí)慣，will表示現(xiàn)在，would表示過去。表示推測或猜想。表示按規(guī)律“注定會”。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點(diǎn)津would表示過去的習(xí)慣時僅指動作，而且不與現(xiàn)在作對比；used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，而且與現(xiàn)在作對比，說明現(xiàn)在這種動作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)不存在。 4.should，sh

4、all，ought to的用法情態(tài)動詞用法shall用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見或請示。用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話者的命令、警告、許諾、威脅等語氣；此外，用于法律、規(guī)定時用shall。情態(tài)動詞用法should表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任、勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，與ought to基本相同；should表示主觀，ought to表示客觀。用于表示預(yù)測，意為“應(yīng)該會；按理說；想必會”。用在表示感情或意志等的that從句中，意為“竟然；居然”。情態(tài)動詞用法ought to表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，語氣比should強(qiáng)。表示“推測”，常用于肯定句、否定句中。易錯點(diǎn)津ought to表推測時

5、，語氣要比must輕，表示并非十分肯定，而must則表示十分肯定。 5.must，have to的用法情態(tài)動詞用法mustmust表示非常有把握的推測，僅用于肯定句。表示“必須；應(yīng)該”。表示說話者的感情色彩，暗含不耐煩或與自己的愿望相反，意為“偏要；非要”。情態(tài)動詞用法have to意為“必須；不得不”時，意義與must相近，但must表示說話人的主觀看法；而have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。易錯點(diǎn)津(1)在回答must的問句時，否定回答通常用neednt或dont have to; (2)mustnt表示“禁止；不許”；而dont have to表示“不必”；(3)must只有一種形式，而have

6、 to有人稱、時態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。 6.need，dare的用法情態(tài)動詞用法need表示“需要、必要”之意，作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑問句中，且只有現(xiàn)在時，其他時態(tài)常用have to的相應(yīng)形式代替。若用作實(shí)義動詞時，其變化與一般動詞相同，后面可以接“to動詞原形”作賓語。情態(tài)動詞用法dare表示“敢，敢于”之意，作情態(tài)動詞，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中，一般不用于肯定句中。用作實(shí)義動詞時，其變化形式與一般動詞相同，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定句和疑問句中，dare后面既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。情態(tài)動詞用法易錯點(diǎn)津(1)dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，

7、有dare，dared兩種形式；(2)dare用作實(shí)義動詞時，后接不定式，不定式符號to可省去，但dare以分詞形式出現(xiàn)時，不定式符號to不能省略。 根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下面的句子 1. Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015北京) 2You _ feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful y

8、ou did it.(2015陜西) 3You _ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川) 4. It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak.(2015浙江) 5You _be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重慶) 6It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.(2014江蘇) 7I still remember my happ

9、y childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014四川) 8. Ive ordered some pizza, so we_ worry about cooking when we get home tired.(2014重慶) 9One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 10I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we we

10、re away from home. 【答案】1.must2.may/might3.must4.couldnt 5must6.should7.would8.neednt 9shall10.cant 二、“情態(tài)動詞have done”的常考用法情態(tài)動詞have done用法must have done sth.一定做過某事，其否定形式為cant/couldnt have done。can/could have done sth.1.本來能夠做但卻未做；2.可能做過某事。cant/couldnt have done sth.不可能做過某事。情態(tài)動詞have done用法may/might have

11、 done sth.或許/可能做過某事。should/ought to have done sth.本該做但卻未做某事，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了。neednt have done sth.做了本沒有必要做的某事。 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成下面的句子 1. I _(本沒必要擔(dān)心) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.(2015天津) 2Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad.You _

12、(本應(yīng)做) full preparations.(2015福建) 3. I _(不可能玩) myself moreit was a perfect day.(2013浙江) 4. Since nobody gave him any help, he _ (一定做)the research on his own.(2013課標(biāo)) 5. Why are your eyes so red? You _(不可能睡好) last night. Yeah. I stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川) 【答案】1.neednt have worried2.shoul

13、d have made 3couldnt have enjoyed4.must have done 5couldt have slept well 一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)性條件句中的用法虛擬語氣時間虛擬條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)。主語should/would/could/might動詞原形。與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If主語had過去分詞。主語should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞。時間虛擬條件從句主句與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.If主語動詞的過去式。2If主語were to動詞原形。3If主語should動詞原形。主語should

14、/would/could/might動詞原形。時間虛擬條件從句主句易錯點(diǎn)津(1)在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即從句中的be用were代替；(2)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整；(3)在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1If I _(not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.

15、(2015北京) 2It might have saved me some trouble _(I know) the schedule.(2015江蘇) 3We _(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(2014北京) 4Had he caught the morning train, he _ (not be) late for the meeting.(2014天津) 5If Mr.Dewey _ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to

16、 the people there.(2014湖南) 【答案】1.hadnt seen2.had I known3.would be 4would not have been5.had been 二、wish與would rather賓語從句的虛擬語氣 wish與would rather賓語從句的虛擬語氣。時間would ratherwish過去主語動詞過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在主語動詞過去式(be用were)。將來主語動詞過去式(be用were)。主語would/could/might動詞原形。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1I wish I _(be) at my siste

17、rs wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015天津) 2Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I_(dance) as well as her.(2015陜西) 3We would rather our daughter _(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.(2014陜西) 【答案】1.had been2.danced3.stayed

18、 三、(should) do 結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語氣 1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中 動詞demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 2用于主語從句中 在It is desired/suggested/proposed/ recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essen

19、tial that從句中，從句的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 3用于表語從句和同位語從句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow. 【易錯點(diǎn)津】 當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)使

20、用陳述語氣。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1My mom suggests that we _(eat) out for a change this weekend.(2013陜西) 2Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(be) at the age of six months old.(2013浙江) 3The order came that the medical supplies_ (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon. 4The express

21、ion on his face suggested that he _(be) ill, and it was suggested that he _(send) to the hospital right now. 5He insisted that he _(not break) the law and he insisted that he _(set) free right now. 【答案】1.(should) eat2.(should) be 3(should) be sent4.was; (should) be sent 5had not broken; should be se

22、t 四、含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣 有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for (要不是；如果沒有)等來引導(dǎo)或者通過上下文引出。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣完成下面的句子 1. It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽) 2. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _(not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(201

23、5重慶) 3They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ (come)to our help.(2014浙江) 4We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.(2012福建) 5We_(put)Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury

24、. 【答案】1.would have2.wouldnt have written 3would have come4.would have visited 5would/could/might have put 五、其他句型中的虛擬語氣 1在“It is (about/high) timethat從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣。 2在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。 3as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時。 根據(jù)括號中的動詞提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣完

25、成下面的句子 1. It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do)it？(2014重慶) 2Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _(do) something instead of just talking.(2012遼寧) 3Dont handle the vase as if it _ (make) of steel.(2012北京) 4Who does that shop assistant think he is？He behaves as if he_ (own) the grocery. 5Its raining hard and we cant go picnicking today. If only the weather_(be) fine! 【答案】1.had done2.did/should do3.were made 4owned5.were