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1、第十四節(jié)第十四節(jié) 句子（二）句子（二）考點(diǎn)精講精練考點(diǎn)精講精練 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。本節(jié)我們將重點(diǎn)闡述中考最常涉及的復(fù)合句合句。本節(jié)我們將重點(diǎn)闡述中考最常涉及的復(fù)合句賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。在此之前先了解一下賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。在此之前先了解一下簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句。簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句。 一、簡(jiǎn)單句一、簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分組成。簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分組成。簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型如下：?jiǎn)尉涞奈宸N基本句型如下： 二、并列復(fù)合句二、并列復(fù)合句 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句的句由并列

2、連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句的句子叫做并列復(fù)合句，簡(jiǎn)稱并列句。子叫做并列復(fù)合句，簡(jiǎn)稱并列句。 三、主從復(fù)合句三、主從復(fù)合句 由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句組成的句子由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句組成的句子叫做主從復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)主從復(fù)合句的考查主要為賓叫做主從復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)主從復(fù)合句的考查主要為賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。【考點(diǎn)【考點(diǎn)1】賓語(yǔ)從句】賓語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講：考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義定義:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：【考題再現(xiàn)【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016玉林

3、玉林)Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ change some money, please?Of course. Walk along the street to the end and you can find a bank. A. where I can B. where can IC. where I was able to D. where was I able to A( )2. (2016綏化綏化)I dont know _ he will come or not this afternoon. A. if B. whenC. whethe

4、rC( )3. (2015廣東廣東)David asked _ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing herD( )4. (201

5、5梅州梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. where Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB( )5. (2015廣州廣州)Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking aboutB. what are t

6、hey talking about C. what they were talking aboutD. what they are talking about C( )6. (2014廣東廣東)Do you know_？8, 844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is QomolangmaB. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma isD. how long Qomolangma isC【考點(diǎn)演練【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. I dont und

7、erstand _.Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA( )8. Please tell me _ the scarf?She bought it online, I guess.A. if Alice likedB. when

8、 Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay forC( )9. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himC( )10. I wonder _. Its about an unusual experience of

9、 a little girl. A. who wrote the book B. what the book is about C. how I can get the bookD. Where did you buy the bookB( )11. I am worried about _. Whatever the result is, dont be too hard on yourself. A. how have I prepared for my final examsB. if I can get great grades in the final examsC. that my

10、 school team lost the game because of my faultD. why did my school team lose the game B( )12. Do you know _ the Smiths left Shanghai? Im not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. A. if B. whyC. how D. whenD【考點(diǎn)【考點(diǎn)2】狀語(yǔ)從句】狀語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講：考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的

11、句子稱為狀語(yǔ)從句?；蚋痹~等的句子稱為狀語(yǔ)從句。 2. 狀語(yǔ)從句分時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、狀語(yǔ)從句分時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式等幾種類型。具體如下：結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式等幾種類型。具體如下： 3. 狀語(yǔ)從句的位置：狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句之前，狀語(yǔ)從句的位置：狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)與其隔開(kāi)，也可放在主句之后。用逗號(hào)與其隔開(kāi)，也可放在主句之后。 4. “主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)”與時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的情形：與時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的情形：【考題再現(xiàn)【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016宜昌宜昌)Learning to love is like learn-ing to walk.Yes, _ we

12、 step out bravely, well find its not so difficult. A. as if B. even thoughC. as long as D. as far as C( )2. (2016臨沂臨沂)_ American people and British people speak the same language, their cultures are quite different. A. Since B. IfC. Although D. BecauseC( )3. (2016邵陽(yáng)邵陽(yáng))We _ for a picnic if it _ rain

13、this Sunday. A. will go; doesnt B. will go; wont goC. go; doesnt ( )4. (2016重慶重慶)Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you _ away on business. A. are B. wereC. will be D. have beenAA( )5. (2015廣東廣東)Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this

14、 report. A. finishes B. finishC. finished D. will finishA( )6. (2014廣東廣東)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is startingA【考點(diǎn)演練【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. I want to know if he _ to play bas-ketball

15、with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be C( )8. I wonder when he _ in Havard University. He will e-mail you as soon as he _ there. A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; getsC. will arrive; will get D. arrive; getsB( )9. Ti

16、na is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; to( )10. _ youve tasted it, you cant imagine how delicious the dishes are. A. Because B. AlthoughC. When D. UnlessCD( )11. I told him the news _ he came back yesterday. A. until B. as soon asC. unless D. sinceB( )1

17、2. Dad, please tell me when Mom _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her job done. And she will bring a nice present for you. A. returns; gets B. returns; will get C. will return; gets D. will return; will getC【考點(diǎn)【考點(diǎn)3】定語(yǔ)從句】定語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講：考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫

18、做定語(yǔ)從句。句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：一般為含先行詞的主句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)：一般為含先行詞的主句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句。 3. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞： (1)關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為賓格為whom，所有格為，所有格為whose)，位于先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之，位于先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定間起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。語(yǔ)等成分。 (2)關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why等。常在從等。常在從句中作地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)，且往往可以用介詞加句中作地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因狀

19、語(yǔ)，且往往可以用介詞加which (如如in which； on which； for which等等)代替。代替。 4. 關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用：關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜歡那些有自己教學(xué)風(fēng)格的老師。我喜歡那些有自己教學(xué)風(fēng)格的老師。(who作主語(yǔ)，指作主語(yǔ)，指人，可用人，可用that代替，不可省略代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是薩拉愛(ài)他是薩拉愛(ài)的男人。的男人。(who作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可用作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可用whom或或that替換，替換，均可省略均

20、可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在書(shū)店買(mǎi)的那本小說(shuō)很我在書(shū)店買(mǎi)的那本小說(shuō)很精彩。精彩。(which作賓語(yǔ)，指物，可用作賓語(yǔ)，指物，可用that替換，均可省替換，均可省略。若作主語(yǔ)則不可省略略。若作主語(yǔ)則不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保羅認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)男孩，保羅認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)男孩，(他的他的)妹妹去年死了。妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定語(yǔ)，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也只能作定語(yǔ)，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也可指物可指

21、物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandparents used to live. 她記得她祖父母曾經(jīng)她記得她祖父母曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的木屋子。居住過(guò)的木屋子。(where在此作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，不能省略，在此作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，不能省略，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于in which) (6)That was the day when little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，在此作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不可省略，相當(dāng)于不可省略，相當(dāng)于on which) (7)Let me know the reason w

22、hy youre so upset. 告訴我你如此不安的原因。告訴我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因狀在此作原因狀語(yǔ)，不可省略，相當(dāng)于語(yǔ)，不可省略，相當(dāng)于for which)5. 關(guān)系詞使用的特關(guān)系詞使用的特例例關(guān)系詞只能用關(guān)系詞只能用that而不宜用而不宜用which的情況：的情況：【考題再現(xiàn)【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016龍東龍東)To be a better man is the best soap opera _ I have ever seen. A. that B. whereC. who( )2. (2015廣東廣東)Running man is a very relaxi

23、ng TV program _ is hot among the young people. A. what B. whichC. who D. whomAB( )3. (2015廣州廣州)The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. thoseC. who D. what( )4. (2015梅州梅州)Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belong B. that belongC. that belongs D. which belongsAC( )5.

24、 (2014茂名茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit. A. which B. what C. where( )6. (2014廣東廣東)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island， the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whomAB【考點(diǎn)演練【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village _ he lived in his childhood

25、. A. when B. whichC. where D. that ( )8. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. whatC. that D. whomCC( )9. Mr. Smith is an excellent teacher _ always gives us lively lessons. A. whose B. whichC. whom D. who( )10. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. A. w

26、hich B. thatC. whose D. whomDB( )11. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. whichC. when D. whoB( )12. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseD