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1、 在表達一個完整意義的句子里面只能有一個謂語動詞，其余附屬于該句的動詞都應使用非謂語的形式。動詞的非謂語形式有三種：動詞不定式（to do ），現(xiàn)在分詞（doing），過去分詞（done），可以在句子中作不同的成分，它們又有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式的時不定式的時態(tài)變化：態(tài)變化：to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doingto be done, to have been done不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語時相當于一個狀語從句，不定式作狀語時往往用來作目的 狀語、結果狀語或原因狀語。目的狀目的狀語：語： To be a win

2、ner，you need to give all you have and try your best. To complete the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.“為了.” Bob took down my telephone number so as not to forget it. 不定式用于so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to；only to等結構中往往用來作結果狀語: He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatte

3、r can influence others. He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.結果狀語：結果狀語： Im too tired to stay up longer. 不定式的被動態(tài)不定式的被動態(tài)原因狀語：原因狀語： 不定式與形容詞連用時，大多表示原因，用來作原因狀語。這些形容詞主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 Im very glad t

4、o hear the news. Im only too glad to have passed the exam. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式注意：注意： 在“主語+系動詞+表語（adj.）+to do”結構中，句子的主語與不定式有邏輯上的被動關系，且形容詞表示主語的性質或特征，這時，需用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。用于此種結構的形容詞常有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant,

5、 nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。 This question is easy to answer. The book is difficult to understand.現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)、語現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化：態(tài)變化：doing, having donebeing done, having been done過去分詞無變化過去分詞無變化現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語主動、進行 分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系，否則一般不能使用分詞作狀語。Hearing the news，the

6、y got excited. When they heard the news, they got excited. Be careful while/when you cross the street.Be careful while/when crossing the street.Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake. Though he had been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.Having been bitten by

7、a snake, she was frightened at it. After she had been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動態(tài)完成被動態(tài)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語被動、完成 The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students.Given a chance，I can surprise the world. If I am given a chance，I can surprise the world. When one is offe

8、red help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you”.When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you”.復習：復習：with 復復合結構合結構with復合結構表伴隨to do將來doing主動、正在進行done被完成 With so much work to do，I cant go swimming with you. With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous. With their w

9、ork finished, they went home. I stood before her with my heart beating fast.獨立主格結構獨立主格結構 非謂語動詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語往往與句子主語保持一致。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨立主格結構。Lots of homework to do，I have to stay home all day.Many things to settle, the manager looks worried.to do 表將來表將來The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.The question being discussed，a man came up with a practical solution.現(xiàn)在分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）表主）表主動、進行動、進行Rex was listening attentively to the lecture，all his attention fixed upon it.Many things settled，the manager looks relaxed.過去分詞（過去分詞（done）表被動、）表被動、完成完成