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1、2011高考英語語法教案：省略與高考 英語中有時為了防止重復，使語言簡練素湊，在不損害句子結(jié)構(gòu)或不引起 誤解的原那么下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語,英語中的省略有兩種： 一是替代省略，即用其他詞代替句「中重友或相同的局部;二是結(jié)構(gòu)省略。即根 據(jù)語境需要,承前或后省略句子中相同的某些句子成分。這類密里在歷屆島考 試題中度見不鮮. 一、林代省略 1 .用it, one, that替代句子中歪且出現(xiàn)的名詞、代詞或句子. one是指代同名稱的另一樣東西（同類異物），代杵前面句子中弟復出現(xiàn)的 可數(shù)幺詞：lhal林代特指可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，后面常跟彳i in或of短語作后置 定語:it指代同名

2、稱的同樣事物（同類同物）. ［高考鏈接］ 1） Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 析：正確答案是B. one代替泛指的an unforgettable moment.在句中作 同位語，起補充說明的作用.I will always treasure是定語從句修飾one. 2） -Why don't you take a break? -Didn't we just have ? A.

3、 it B. that C. one D. this 析:由題「分析，代詞指代的是前面的a break,為單數(shù)泛指概念，故答案為 C. one代杵泛指的單數(shù)名詞,相當于"a / an+單數(shù)名詞:假設(shè)替代前面提到的泛 指復數(shù)名詞要用ones,普代特指如數(shù)名詞那么用those或the ones. 3） Equipped with modern facilities, today's libraries differ greatly from . A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these pasI 析：

4、答案是 A. those 代皆 the 1 ibraries. 2 .在兩個分句中，當兩者(人或物)情況或意思完全相同，第二個分句用so, neither, nor, either等引出時,出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象，其中neither, nor, so還可 引起倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“也不……"也……\ 〔高考鏈接〕 1) -It's burning hot today, isn't it? -Yes, yesterday. A. So was it B. So it was C. So il is D. So is it 解析：答案為A” 一今天天氣很熱.一是的，昨天也是這樣.so+助動詞/ 怙態(tài)動詞

5、+主語句型.這一結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示相同概念，即前面所說的情況也同樣 適用于另一人或物.意思是“同樣”、“也那樣”，常理解為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 2) —I reminded you not to forget the appointment. A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I 解析：答案為A. 一我提醒過你不要忘掉那個約定。一是的，你確實提醒我了。 3) -Father . you promised! 一Well, . But it was you who didn' t keep your word first. A. so

6、was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did 解析：答案為D。上句動訶是promised,因此下句應該用did。So did I表示“我 也一樣”，s。1 did表示“我確實許過諾”. 4）-David has made great progress recently. _ and . A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have 析：正確答案是B項.So置廣句色構(gòu)成"So+主語

7、+助動詞（情態(tài)動詞）”結(jié)構(gòu), 衣示同意對方的話;S。置于句苜，構(gòu)成"S3助動詞（情態(tài)動詞）+生語”的倒裝結(jié) 構(gòu),表示"……亦如此”。 3.有時可用so代替名詞性從句,以防止重發(fā)前面所說的內(nèi)容，可以用于這 類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope 等.肯定回答結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語，動詞+so”,否認回答結(jié)構(gòu)為"主語?助動詞否認形式+ 動詞+s?！被?主語+動詞+nol”,但動詞為hope, guess時，否認回答只能說hope (guess) not,不能說 don' I hope (guess) so? ［高考鏈接］

8、 1) Will you be able to finish your respect today? A. I like it B. I hope so C. 1 * 11 do so D. 1' d love it 解析：答案為隊看杳情景對話。句意為“希里如此工 2)-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? A. I guess not so B. I don't guess C. I don't guess so D. I guess not (2003 春北京卷) 析：正確答案是 D. I guess no

9、t 相當于 I guess they aren't doing a good job at all。 二、結(jié)構(gòu)省略 1 .動向不定式的省略. 動詞不定式作賓語或賓語補足語時，可采用省略結(jié)構(gòu)，但符號to要保用， 表示省略了動詞不定式及其以后的成分. ［高考鏈接］ 1) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 析:正確答案是 A. to后省略了 ride his bicyc

10、le in the street. 2) -I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. . A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I* 11 be happy lo 析：正確答案是D. lo后省略了 look after your cat. 但"'l不定式是由be或have構(gòu)成時,to后必須保存be或have,例如： ①一Are you fond of classic music? -

11、No, but I used to be. ②-Hav。 you told Ann about her failure in the test? -Yes, but 1 oughtn't to have. 2.狀語從句的省略. ［高考鏈接］ 1) When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 解析：答案為析這里竄hen first introduced想當于竄hen firs

12、t these products are introduced to…，按照主被動關(guān)系，應該是產(chǎn)品被引入市場. 用被動形式。 2) The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 析：正確答案是D.連詞once后省略了 it (the research) is. 9) Though money, his parents managed to send him to university. A

13、. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D, lacked in 析:正確答案是C?連詞though引導的狀語從句完整C構(gòu)應該是though they (his parents) lacked money。 注意：D在時間、地點、條件、方式、讓步或比擬狀語從句中,如果謂語動 詞中含仃be,主語又與主句的主語一致或主語是it時,那么從句的史語和謂語的 局部可行略。如: Please speak English if (it is) possible and use Chinese when (it is ) necessary. Unless (you ar

14、e) invi ted, you should remain silent at the meeting. 2)狀語從句中省略t語時,后面用現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動作,3被省略的主講為 主動關(guān)系，用過去分詞那么表示該動作被省略的主語為被動關(guān)系.例如： While (they were) bui1ding the tunnel, the workers discovered an underground lake. According to the directions, when (it is) taken, the drug has no side effect. 3.疑問句及其省略回答.

15、 1)特殊疑問句的省略回答 ［高考鏈接］ 10)-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. -Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 析:在U常用語中，當人稱代詞用在不帶謂語的句子中作主語時，習慣上用 賓格,答案是D.完整回容許該是Why do I have to go and join her cleaning the yard? 2)-What do you think made Mary so upset? - her

16、new bicycle. A . As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 析:答案是 C.完整回容許該是 Losing her new bicycle nade her so upset. 要解決這類特殊疑問句的省略回答下列問題,關(guān)鍵在「弄清"特殊疑問詞”表達 的意義,然后據(jù)此作出合理的分析和推斷. 2)考音含情態(tài)動詞的一般疑問句的回答 ［高考鏈接］ 1) —I think I' 11 give Bob a ring. _You . You haven't been in touch with him for ages A. will B. mny C. have to D. should 解析：答案為凡should在這里表示勸告。 2)-Could I call you by your first name? -Yes, you A. wi 11 B. could C. may D. might 析:答案是C. 此類源目考查了答語的省略，即保存相應的情態(tài)動詞，省略了其后與前面 出現(xiàn)的相同的局部