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1、復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句Put

2、the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.1. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.2. We must camp where we can get water. 3. You shouldnt get angry just because som

3、e people speak ill of you.4. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. 5. Although he is very old, he is quite strong. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 What are “ Adverbial Clauses”? 在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任_成分的從成分的從句稱為狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)句稱為狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等,或或_ _的從句叫做的從句叫做 “狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句”。狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)修飾整個(gè)主句主句狀語(yǔ)從句分類狀語(yǔ)從句分類1.

4、時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句2. 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句3. 原因原因狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句4. 條件條件狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句5. 讓步讓步狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句6. 目的目的狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句7. 結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句8. 方式方式狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句9. 比較比較狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句1. The moment he comes, I will tell him.2. I wont know where he is until I get a letter from him.3. No sooner had she gone than it happened.時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞：常用連詞：_: whe

5、n, while, as, _: since_: before_: till, until, notuntil_: as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, once directly, the instant, instantly, _: no sooner than, hardly/scarcelywhen _: each/every time, next time 直到直到 當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候的時(shí)候自從自從 以來(lái)以來(lái)還沒(méi)還沒(méi)就就一一就就 在在之前之前剛剛就就 每次每次, 下次下次When he was watching TV, he hea

6、rd the door bell ring.When I was young, I liked dancing.When I got home, he was having supper.When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.I. whenwhen+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)間特定時(shí)間 1. when, while, aswhen 不可被不可被as, while 替代的情況替代的情況1. when, while, asWe were about to go out when the teach

7、er came in.1.when 也可作為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句，也可作為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句， “那時(shí)那時(shí)”，“這時(shí)這時(shí)”=and then , and at that time.Why did you walk there when you have a car?2. when 還可譯為還可譯為 “在在的情況下的情況下” 3)While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. (分詞短語(yǔ)）分詞短語(yǔ)）While walking in the street, he met Tim. Walking in the street, he met

8、Tom. 1) He learned to speak English while he was here. While I slept, a thief broke in. Father looked after the children while mother was away.II whilewhile+持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 2)I like tea while she likes coffee1. when, while, as.(表示對(duì)比表示對(duì)比) As he became poorer, he had fewer friends. As the sun rose, the fog

9、 dispersed. As times goes, its getting colder. As he walked along the street, he sang happily.III. as1. when, while, as強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生有有 “隨著隨著”或或 “一邊一邊一邊一邊”的意思的意思 當(dāng)主句的是當(dāng)主句的是非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞, 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)時(shí), when, while, as 可互相可互相替換替換.1. when, while, asWhile/When/As we were still laugh

10、ing, the teacher came in. _ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store. _ John arrived, I was cooking lunch. _ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grades _ he wont study? I was wandering through the street_ I caught sig

11、ht of a tailors shop.While/When/AsWhenwhenwhenAsExercise 1）“還未還未就就;不到不到就就;” We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我們航行了4天4夜才看到陸地. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及插話他就給我 量好了尺寸.2. before, sinceI. be

12、fore 2） 從句中謂語(yǔ)不用否定式從句中謂語(yǔ)不用否定式 Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他們還沒(méi)到火車站，火車已開走了。3） It will be+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+ before多久之后才多久之后才 It will be half a year before I come back. 還得呆半年我才能回來(lái). It wont be long before we meet again. 沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我們就會(huì)見(jiàn)面了.2. before, since1）從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性延續(xù)

13、性的或者是反反 復(fù)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作復(fù)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作. Since 從句的時(shí)態(tài)若 是一般過(guò)去時(shí), 從句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí). I have written home four times since I came here. 自從我來(lái)到這兒, 我給家寫了四封信. She has been working in this factory since she left school. 她離開學(xué)校以來(lái)就在這個(gè)工廠工作。II. since2. before, since 2） It is+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+since從句從句 時(shí)間從時(shí)間從since從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)

14、束時(shí) 算起算起. It is three years since the war broke out. 自戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來(lái)有三年了. It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar 我不吸煙有三年了. It is three years since I began to smoke.我吸煙有三年了.2. before, since 1. The research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. A. af

15、ter B. beforeC. since D. when 2. We have never seen her again_ she went to work in another city. A. when B. as C. since D. while3. He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. thatExercise1. Until 比比till更正式更正式2. Until可以放

16、句首可以放句首,till不可以不可以I wont leave until/till he comes back.I will stay her until/till he comes back.Until he comes back, I wont go.1. It was _ that I left.2. Not until_.not until he came backhe comes back will I leave3. till, until, notunitl4. AS SOON AS, IMMEDIATELY, THE MOMENT, THE MINUTE, DIRECTLY,

17、THE INSTANT, INSTANTLY, NO SOONERTHAN, HARDLY/SCARCELYWHEN As soon as he entered the classroom, the bell rang. He had _ when the bell rang. He had _ than the bell rang.hardly entered the roomno sooner entered the room Hardly/Scarely _ when the bell rang.had he entered the room5. EACH/EVERY TIME, NEX

18、T TIME, THE FIRST/LAST TIME, ANY TIME, ALL THE TIME, BY THE TIMEEach time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.Be sure to call me next time you come here.He was ill the last time I visited him.By the time I graduate from this school, I will have been here for three years.功能引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)間when, while

19、, as, since, before,till, until, not.until, as soon as , immediately, the moment, the minute, once, directly, the instant, instantlyno soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen, every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time, Summary 1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized hi

20、s voice _ I picked up the phone.A. while B. afterC. In case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers?A. when B. untilC. before D. sinceExercise3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A.With B. since C. As D. While4. He was halfway throug

21、h his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B. where C. when D. while5. Hardly _ into the village _ it began to rain.A.we had got; when B. we got; thanC. had we got; when D. did we get; thanExercisePractice1. How long has this bookshop been in business? -_ 1999. A. After B. In C. From D. Si

22、nce2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if3. - I am going to the post office.-_ Youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If4. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung

23、up _ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. beforeDABD5. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once6. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the sto

24、ry. A. when B. unless C. after D. until7. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenBDB8. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He has never praised him _ he became one of

25、the top students in his grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when 9. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as10. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. since B. after C. bef

26、ore D. when 11. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester . A. that B. until C. since D. beforeCCCD12. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If13. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm star

27、ted. A. when B. while C. until D. before14. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station .A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever AAB2. 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用連接副詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用連接副詞 where或或wherever (在任何地方在任何地方) 引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. You can put

28、 the book wherever you want to.1.When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which2. If you are travelling _ the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.A. in the place B. whichC. in whic

29、h D. where3. 原因原因狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句中的某一動(dòng)作原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句中的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的原因。引導(dǎo)這種從句或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的原因。引導(dǎo)這種從句 常用的連接詞是：常用的連接詞是：because, since, as, for, now that 及及 considering等。等。e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.表示表示“直接直接”原因。原因。表示表示“間接的推斷間接的推斷”原因原因.不可出現(xiàn)在句首

30、。不可出現(xiàn)在句首。1.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured.A. as B. if C. when D. where2. Some people believe that _ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.A. / B. though C. for D. since4. 條件條件狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從

31、句表示主句中的某一條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句中的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是在什么情況或條件下發(fā)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是在什么情況或條件下發(fā)生的。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)生的。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。條件狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：條件狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless (除非除非), as / so long as (只要只要), on condition (只要只要), in case (假使假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。等。e.g. a. Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have t

32、ime.b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road.A. as soon as B. as far asC. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.A. whether B

33、. untilC. if D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. BecauseC. Although D. When4. The official soon realized that, _, things would get worse.unless dealt with properlyif not properly dealing with itunless properly dealt withif dealt not properly with5. 讓步讓步狀

34、語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中表示讓步概念的狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中表示讓步概念的狀語(yǔ)從句被稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。通常由下列詞被稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。通常由下列詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)：語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)：though, although, even if, even though, while, no matter who/ , however 等。等。由由wh-詞詞 + ever構(gòu)成的連接代詞或連接構(gòu)成的連接代詞或連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。副詞也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以位于主句前、后，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以位于主句前、后，有時(shí)插在主句中間。有時(shí)插在主句中間。e.g. a. I will go, whatever he ma

35、y say. b. Their tent, though (it was) light as a feather, remained firm.c. Though / Although he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.注意一個(gè)典型的中國(guó)錯(cuò)誤：注意一個(gè)典型的中國(guó)錯(cuò)誤： though / although 切不可與切不可與but連用。連用。1._ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A.While B. since C.

36、Before D. Unless2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen.A.as long as B. even thoughC. now that D. as though3. _, he knows more than other children of his age.A. However young child he isB. Child as he isC. No matter how young child isD. What

37、a young child he is4. I really want the match, however much _.A. does it cost B. costs itC. will it cost D. it costs5. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A.For now B. Now thatC. By now D. until6. _, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.A.Wanting t

38、he job very muchB.Although wanting the job badlyC.Though he wanted the job very muchD.He wanted the job badly6. 目的目的狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞:in order that 用于正式文體中，所引用于正式文體中，所引從句可于主句前或后。從句可于主句前或后。so thata. 較常用，一般用于主句后較常用，一般用于主句后,有時(shí)可分開，有時(shí)可分開，so 有時(shí)可省有時(shí)可省; 從句中從句中要有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，否則，否則, 就成為下一種句型：就成為下一種

39、句型：b. 無(wú)無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則引導(dǎo)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句。從句。for fear that; in case; lest (以免以免)等。等。e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget. 注意：注意：當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可用用so as to do 或或 in order to do e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before t

40、en oclock. He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.7. 結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常位于主句之后，由狀語(yǔ)從句常位于主句之后，由so, so that, such that; so that 等等引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。e.g. a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him. b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. He got to the station finally, onl

41、y to find the train had left.8. 方式方式狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句描述主句動(dòng)作進(jìn)行方式的狀語(yǔ)被稱描述主句動(dòng)作進(jìn)行方式的狀語(yǔ)被稱為方式狀語(yǔ)。通常用下列詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)：為方式狀語(yǔ)。通常用下列詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)：as, just as, as if, as though, according to 等。等。e.g. a. We must do as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sounds as i

42、f it is raining.9. 比較比較狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句常由下列詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)：比較狀語(yǔ)從句常由下列詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)： as as, not so / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., the more + adj. / adv.e.g. a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter.1.Roses need s

43、pecial care _ they can live through winter.A.because B. so thatC. even if D. as2. If things are left _ they are, the problems will never be settled, Im afraid.A.how B. as C. what D. where3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed.A.like B. so C. which D. as4. I dare not go there _ my parents will see me.A.in case of B. for fear ofC. in order that D. for fear that誤區(qū)警示誤區(qū)警示