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1、 合 肥 學(xué) 院 電 子 系 Electronic Dept, Hefei University 論 文 翻 譯 專 業(yè)： 08電子系電子信息工程專業(yè) 班 級(jí)： 電子信息（1）班 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 論文題目: 基于單片機(jī)的開(kāi)關(guān)電源設(shè)計(jì)

2、 【摘 要】本論文是有關(guān)基于單片機(jī)的開(kāi)關(guān)電源設(shè)計(jì)的論述，開(kāi)關(guān)電源在日常生活中應(yīng)用非常廣泛，比如電視機(jī)、電腦、冰箱以及其它常用的電子產(chǎn)品都需要開(kāi)關(guān)電源，如今是數(shù)字化時(shí)代，用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)電子產(chǎn)品十分方便，所以在這次設(shè)計(jì)中使用了單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在這次設(shè)計(jì)文檔中，詳細(xì)闡述了開(kāi)關(guān)電源與線性電源的比較，方案論證，總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并附以相關(guān)電路圖表示，最后生成了相關(guān)的PCB電路圖。 【關(guān)鍵詞】線性，半導(dǎo)體，開(kāi)關(guān)，儲(chǔ)能，轉(zhuǎn)換，濾波 【Abstract】 This paper is discourse based on single chip switching power supp

3、ly design, switching power supplies in their daily lives in a very wide range, such as televisions, computers, refrigerators and other commonly used electronic products require switching power supply, now is the digital age, withsingle-chip electronic products is very convenient, so the MCU used in

4、this design. In the design documents, elaborated a comparison of the switching power supply and linear power demonstration program, the overall structural design, accompanied by the relevant circuit diagram, and finally generate the PCB schematic. 【Key words】 Linear, semiconductors, switches,

5、energy storage, conversion, filtering The design Based on single chip switching power supply 1、uses The switching power supply products are widely used in industrial automation and control, military equipment, scientific equipment, LED lighting, industrial equip

6、ment, communications equipment,electrical equipment,instrumentation, medical equipment, semiconductor cooling and heating, air purifiers, electronic refrigerator, LCD monitor, LED lighting, communications equipment, audio-visual products, security, computer chassis, digital products and equipment an

7、d other fields. 2、Introduction With the rapid development of power electronics technology, power electronics equipment and people's work, the relationship of life become increasingly close, and electronic equipment without reliable power, into the 1980s, computer power and the full realization

8、 of the switching power supply, the first to complete the computer Power new generation to enter the switching power supply in the 1990s have entered into a variety of electronic, electrical devices, program-controlled switchboards, communications, electronic testing equipment power control equipmen

9、t, power supply, etc. have been widely used in switching power supply, but also to promote the rapid development of the switching power supply technology . Switching power supply is the use of modern power electronics technology to control the ratio of the switching transistor to turn on and of

10、f to maintain a stable output voltage power supply, switching power supply is generally controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) ICs and switching devices (MOSFET, BJT) composition. Switching power supply and linear power compared to both the cost and growth with the increase of output power, but

11、the two different growth rates. A power point, linear power supply costs, but higher than the switching power supply. With the development of power electronics technology and innovation, making the switching power supply technology to continue to innovate, the turning points of this cost is increasi

12、ngly move to the low output power side, the switching power supply provides a broad space for development. The direction of its development is the high-frequency switching power supply, high frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into a wider range of appli

13、cation areas, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the miniaturization of high-tech products, light of. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance.

14、3、classification Modern switching power supply, there are two: one is the DC switching power supply; the other is the AC switching power supply. Introduces only DC switching power supply and its function is poor power quality of the original eco-power (coarse) - such as mains power or battery p

15、ower, converted to meet the equipment requirements of high-quality DC voltage (Varitronix) . The core of the DC switching power supply DC / DC converter. DC switching power supply classification is dependent on the classification of DC / DC converter. In other words, the classification of the classi

16、fication of the DC switching power supply and DC/DC converter is the classification of essentially the same, the DC / DC converter is basically a classification of the DC switching power supply. DC /DC converter between the input and output electrical isolation can be divided into two categorie

17、s: one is isolated called isolated DC/DC converter; the other is not isolated as non-isolated DC / DC converter. Isolated DC / DC converter can also be classified by the number of active power devices. The single tube of DC / DC converter Forward (Forward), Flyback (Flyback) two. The double-bar

18、reled double-barreled DC/ DC converter Forward (DoubleTransistor Forward Converter), twin-tube flyback (Double Transistr Flyback Converter), Push-Pull (Push the Pull Converter) and half-bridge (Half-Bridge Converter) four. Four DC / DC converter is the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Conv

19、erter). Non-isolated DC / DC converter, according to the number of active power devices can be divided into single-tube, double pipe, and four three categories. Single tube to a total of six of the DC / DC converter, step-down (Buck) DC / DC converter, step-up (Boost) DC / DC converters, DC / DC co

20、nverter, boost buck (Buck Boost) device of Cuk the DC / DC converter, the Zeta DC / DC converter and SEPIC, the DC / DC converter. DC / DC converters, the Buck and Boost type DC / DC converter is the basic buck-boost of Cuk, Zeta, SEPIC, type DC / DC converter is derived from a single tube in this s

21、ix. The twin-tube cascaded double-barreled boost (buck-boost) DC / DC converter DC / DC converter. Four DC / DC converter is used, the full-bridge DC / DC converter (Full-Bridge Converter). Isolated DC / DC converter input and output electrical isolation is usually transformer to achieve the fu

22、nction of the transformer has a transformer, so conducive to the expansion of the converter output range of applications, but also easy to achieve different voltage output , or a variety of the same voltage output. Power switch voltage and current rating, the converter's output power is usually pro

23、portional to the number of switch. The more the number of switch, the greater the output power of the DC / DC converter, four type than the two output power is twice as large, single-tube output power of only four 1/4. A combination of non-isolated converters and isolated converters can be a si

24、ngle converter does not have their own characteristics. Energy transmission points, one-way transmission and two-way transmission of two DC / DC converter. DC / DC converter with bi-directional transmission function, either side of the transmission power from the power of lateral load power from the

25、 load-lateral side of the transmission power. DC / DC converter can be divided into self-excited and separately controlled. With the positive feedback signal converter to switch to self-sustaining periodic switching converter, called self-excited converter, such as the the Luo Yeer (Royer,) con

26、verter is a typical push-pull self-oscillating converter. Controlled DC / DC converter switching device control signal is generated by specialized external control circuit. 4、the switching power supply. People in the field of switching power supply technology side of the development of power ele

27、ctronic devices, while the development of the switching inverter technology, the two promote each other to promote the switching power supply annual growth rate of more than two digits toward the light, small, thin, low-noise, high reliability, the direction of development of anti-jamming. Switching

28、 power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, AC / AC DC / AC, such as inverters, DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already matured and standardization, and has been recognized by the user, but AC / DC modular,

29、 its own characteristics make the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. Hereinafter to illustrate the structure and characteristics of the two types of switching power supply. Self-excited: no external signal source can be self-oscillation, completely s

30、elf-excited to see it as feedback oscillation circuit of a transformer. Separate excitation: entirely dependent on external sustain oscillations, excited used widely in practical applications. According to the excitation signal structure classification; can be divided into pulse-width-modulat

31、ed and pulse amplitude modulated two pulse width modulated control the width of the signal is frequency, pulse amplitude modulation control signal amplitude between the same effect are the oscillation frequency to maintain within a certain range to achieve the effect of voltage stability. The windin

32、g of the transformer can generally be divided into three types, one group is involved in the oscillation of the primary winding, a group of sustained oscillations in the feedback winding, there is a group of load winding. Such as Shanghai is used in household appliances art technological production

33、of switching power supply, 220V AC bridge rectifier, changing to about 300V DC filter added to the collector of the switch into the transformer for high frequency oscillation, the feedback winding feedback to the base to maintain the circuit oscillating load winding induction signal, the DC voltage

34、by the rectifier, filter, regulator to provide power to the load. Load winding to provide power at the same time, take up the ability to voltage stability, the principle is the voltage output circuit connected to a voltage sampling device to monitor the output voltage changes, and timely feedback to

35、 the oscillator circuit to adjust the oscillation frequency, so as to achieve stable voltage purposes, in order to avoid the interference of the circuit, the feedback voltage back to the oscillator circuit with optocoupler isolation. 5、technology developments The high-frequency switching power

36、 supply is the direction of its development, high-frequency switching power supply miniaturization, and switching power supply into the broader field of application, especially in high-tech fields, and promote the development and advancement of the switching power supply, an annual more than two-dig

37、it growth rate toward the light, small, thin, low noise, high reliability, the direction of the anti-jamming. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, the DC / DC converter is now modular design technology and production processes at home and abroad have already

38、 matured and standardized, and has been recognized by the user, but modular AC / DC, because of its own characteristics makes the modular process, encounter more complex technology and manufacturing process. In addition, the development and application of the switching power supply in terms of energ

39、y conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance. The switching power supply applications in power electronic devices as diodes, IGBT and MOSFET. SCR switching power supply input rectifier circuit and soft start circuit, a small amount of application

40、s, the GTR drive difficult, low switching frequency, gradually replace the IGBT and MOSFET. Direction of development of the switching power supply is a high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, jamming and modular. Small, thin, and the key technology is the high frequency switch

41、ing power supply light, so foreign major switching power supply manufacturers have committed to synchronize the development of new intelligent components, in particular, is to improve the secondary rectifier loss, and the power of iron Oxygen (Mn? Zn) materials to increase scientific and technologic

42、al innovation in order to improve the magnetic properties of high frequency and large magnetic flux density (Bs), and capacitor miniaturization is a key technology. SMT technology allows the switching power supply has made considerable progress, the arrangement of the components in the circuit board

43、 on both sides, to ensure that the light of the switching power supply, a small, thin. High-frequency switching power supply is bound to the traditional PWM switching technology innovation, realization of ZVS, ZCS soft-switching technology has become the mainstream technology of the switching power

44、supply, and a substantial increase in the efficiency of the switching power supply. Indicators for high reliability, switching power supply manufacturers in the United States by reducing the operating current, reducing the junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device, g

45、reatly improve the reliability of products. Modularity is the overall trend of switching power supply, distributed power systems can be composed of modular power supply, can be designed to N +1 redundant power system, and the parallel capacity expansion. For this shortcoming of the switching po

46、wer supply running noise, separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will also increase, while the use of part of the resonant converter circuit technology to achieve high frequency, in theory, but also reduce noise, but some The practical application of the resonant converter technology, there ar

47、e still technical problems, it is still a lot of work in this field, so that the technology to be practical. Power electronics technology innovation, switching power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To accelerate the pace of development of the switching power supply industry

48、 in China, it must take the road of technological innovation, out of joint production and research development path with Chinese characteristics and contribute to the rapid development of China's national economy. Developments and trends of the switching power supply 1955 U.S. Royer (GH.Roger)

49、 invented the self-oscillating push-pull transistor single-transformer DC-DC converter is the beginning of the high-frequency conversion control circuit 1957 check race Jen, Sen, invented a self-oscillating push-pull dual transformers, 1964, U.S. scientists canceled frequency transformer in series t

50、he idea of ??switching power supply, the power supply to the size and weight of the decline in a fundamental way. 1969 increased due to the pressure of the high-power silicon transistor, diode reverse recovery time shortened and other components to improve, and finally made a 25-kHz switching power

51、supply. At present, the switching power supply to the small, lightweight and high efficiency characteristics are widely used in a variety of computer-oriented terminal equipment, communications equipment, etc. Almost all electronic equipment is indispensable for a rapid development of today's e

52、lectronic information industry power mode. Bipolar transistor made of 100kHz, 500kHz power MOS-FET made, though already the practical switching power supply is currently available on the market, but its frequency to be further improved. To improve the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce t

53、he switching losses, and to reduce the switching losses, the need for high-speed switch components. However, the switching speed will be affected by the distribution of the charge stored in the inductance and capacitance, or diode circuit to produce a surge or noise. This will not only affect the su

54、rrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Which, in order to prevent the switching Kai - closed the voltage surge, RC or LC buffers can be used, and the current surge can be caused by the diode stored charge of amorphous and other core made o

55、f magnetic buffer . However, the high frequency more than 1MHz, the resonant circuit to make the switch on the voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, which can reduce switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surges. This switch is called the resonant switch. Of this sw

56、itching power supply is active, you can, in theory, because in this way do not need to greatly improve the switching speed of the switching losses reduced to zero, and the noise is expected to become one of the high-frequency switching power supply The main ways. At present, many countries in the wo

57、rld are committed to several trillion Hz converter utility. 6、the principle of Introduction The switching power supply of the process is quite easy to understand, linear power supplies, power transistors operating in the linear mode and linear power, the PWM switching power supply to the pow

58、er transistor turns on and off state, in both states, on the power transistor V - security product is very small (conduction, low voltage, large current; shutdown, voltage, current) Voltammetric product / power device is power semiconductor devices on the loss. Compared with the linear power su

59、pply, the PWM switching power supply more efficient process is achieved by "chopping", that is cut into the amplitude of the input DC voltage equal to the input voltage amplitude of the pulse voltage. The pulse duty cycle is adjusted by the switching power supply controller. Once the input voltage i

60、s cut into the AC square wave, its amplitude through the transformer to raise or lower. Number of groups of output voltage can be increased by increasing the number of primary and secondary windings of the transformer. After the last AC waveform after the rectifier filter the DC output voltage.

61、 The main purpose of the controller is to maintain the stability of the output voltage, the course of their work is very similar to the linear form of the controller. That is the function blocks of the controller, the voltage reference and error amplifier can be designed the same as the linear regul

62、ator. Their difference lies in the error amplifier output (error voltage) in the drive before the power tube to go through a voltage / pulse-width conversion unit. Switching power supply There are two main ways of working: Forward transform and boost transformation. Although they are all part o

63、f the layout difference is small, but the course of their work vary greatly, have advantages in specific applications. 7、the circuit schematic The so-called switching power supply, as the name implies, is a door, a door power through a closed power to stop by, then what is the door, the swit

64、ching power supply using SCR, some switch, these two component performance is similar, are relying on the base switch control pole (SCR), coupled with the pulse signal to complete the on and off, the pulse signal is half attentive to control the pole voltage increases, the switch or thyristor conduc

65、tion, the filter output voltage of 300V, 220V rectifier conduction, transmitted through the switching transformer secondary through the transformer to the voltage increase or decrease for each circuit work. Oscillation pulse of negative semi-attentive to the power regulator, base, or SCR control vol

66、tage lower than the original set voltage power regulator cut-off, 300V power is off, switch the transformer secondary no voltage, then each circuit The required operating voltage, depends on this secondary road rectifier filter capacitor discharge to maintain. Repeat the process until the next pulse cycle is a half weeks when the signal arrival. This switch transformer is called the high-frequency transformer, because the operating frequency is higher than the 50HZ low frequency. Then promote th