《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 三 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 北師大版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 三 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)課件 北師大版（30頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專(zhuān)題三時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題三時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)-2-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1考查沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)與語(yǔ)境的關(guān)系非常密切,特別是在語(yǔ)法填空題中。語(yǔ)境能夠提示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和背景,暗示出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者的具體信息。而高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查則更加語(yǔ)境化,題干中多未給出明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或標(biāo)志詞?！镜湫屠}1】(2017全國(guó)卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)fat and salt與動(dòng)詞remove之

2、間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,且主語(yǔ)fat and salt為復(fù)數(shù),故要用are removed?？挤偨Y(jié)提示信息沒(méi)有緊緊跟在空前后,而是通過(guò)全文體現(xiàn)。-3-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題2】(2016全國(guó)卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.

3、解析:句中沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意可知,這里說(shuō)的是“我被允許”。根據(jù)上一句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以確定此處填一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。allow sb to do sth意為“允許某人做某事”,此處用其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。故答案為was allowed?？挤偨Y(jié)所給的提示詞allow在句中做謂語(yǔ),再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和allow的邏輯關(guān)系判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)。-4-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2考查具有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)此類(lèi)題目通常有較明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,可能是明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也可能是動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等標(biāo)志詞,而這些標(biāo)志性詞匯是考生判斷時(shí)態(tài)的重要線索和依據(jù)。高考?？疾榈臅r(shí)態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)

4、去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等。(1)若句中出現(xiàn)always,usually,every day/night/morning/evening,sometimes,often等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但有時(shí)也要依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境。-5-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題3】(2015全國(guó)卷)This cycle (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside tempera

5、tures.解析:冒號(hào)前為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子,故此處填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)day after day意為“一天又一天”,常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。結(jié)合下句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。答案為goes。考法總結(jié)由冒號(hào)后的句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞warm up和cool off可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。-6-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(2)若句中出現(xiàn)yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in 1997,.years ago,the day before yesterday等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。【典型例題4】

6、(2014全國(guó)卷)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.解析:句意:1969年,位于俄亥俄州的克利夫蘭附近的凱霍加河污染嚴(yán)重。當(dāng)時(shí)很難想象這條河能夠被清理干凈。根據(jù)上一句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1969可知,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was?？挤偨Y(jié)提示詞為be動(dòng)詞,考慮設(shè)空處在句中做謂語(yǔ);再根據(jù)上一句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1969可知應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。-7-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(3)若句

7、中出現(xiàn)look,listen,now,at present,at this moment,these days等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?！镜湫屠}5】(2013北京卷改編)Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us.解析:句意:快點(diǎn)!馬克和卡羅爾正在等我們。根據(jù)“Hurry up!”可知,此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填are expecting?？挤偨Y(jié)分析第二句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少謂語(yǔ);再根據(jù)標(biāo)志短語(yǔ)Hurry up及句意判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。-8-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(4)若句中出現(xiàn)then,at that time,those days等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(

8、5)若句中出現(xiàn)tomorrow,next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。(6)若句中出現(xiàn)for.,since.,lately,recently,up to/till now,over the past.years,since then等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(7)若句中出現(xiàn)by then,by that time,until then,“by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間”等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。-9-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法3考查主從復(fù)合句中前后時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)(1)主句與狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼

9、應(yīng)如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí);若主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),則從句也用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。-10-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題6】(2015全國(guó)卷)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.解析:句意:當(dāng)我正好在拂曉前到達(dá)陽(yáng)朔時(shí),天空正下著小雨。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,設(shè)空處在從句中做謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)本句中的was raining可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為

10、arrived?？挤偨Y(jié)when在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句的時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng),結(jié)合主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was raining可知答案。-11-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法(2)主句與賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可用任何所需的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),若從句與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);若從句描述的是一般真理或客觀事實(shí),即使主句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(3)主句與定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞本身所涉及的時(shí)間運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。-12-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法4考查一些固定句式的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類(lèi)句式,考

11、生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如:(1)It is the first/second/.time that sb have/has done.(2)It was the first/second/.time that sb had done.(3)Sb was/were doing sth when.did.(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when.did.(5)No sooner had sb done than.did.-13-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題7】(2013陜西卷改編)Jim (watch) a late night film at hom

12、e when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.解析:句意:吉姆正在家里看一部午夜電影,就在看到一個(gè)扣人心弦的場(chǎng)景時(shí),突然電視機(jī)黑屏了。Sb was/were doing sth when.did.意為“某人正在做某事時(shí),突然”。故填was watching?？挤偨Y(jié)分析句子成分可知,主句缺少謂語(yǔ),且空后有when.went.,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,when在此有“突然”之意,考慮此處為Sb was/were doing sth when.did.句式,便可得出答案。-14-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1先“時(shí)間”

13、后“選體”,確定時(shí)態(tài)(1)考生在做有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的試題時(shí),首先要確定動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間:根據(jù)句中明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或是時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞來(lái)確定時(shí)間;根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境,挖掘其隱含信息,弄清時(shí)間的先后順序,確定動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在還是將來(lái)。(2)對(duì)應(yīng)不同的時(shí)間要根據(jù)以下幾點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的“體”:動(dòng)作是否已完成、是否反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、是否是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行中以及是否是按計(jì)劃和安排要做的事情。-15-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題1】(2016北京卷)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We (wait)here for more than two hour

14、s.解析:句意:打擾一下,你們?cè)诘戎茨牟侩娪?新的星球大戰(zhàn),我們已經(jīng)在這里等候兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for more than two hours可以推斷,他們一直在等,而且說(shuō)話的時(shí)候還在等,應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填have been waiting。-16-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2分析主謂的邏輯關(guān)系,確定語(yǔ)態(tài)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動(dòng)關(guān)系外,還有特殊用法,如主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！镜湫屠}2】(2014遼寧卷)Tai Chi (call) “shadow boxing” in English.解析:句意:太極在英語(yǔ)中被稱(chēng)為“shad

15、ow boxing”。Tai Chi與call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),又因本句介紹的是一般事實(shí),因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is called。-17-1.(2017全國(guó)卷改編)Our caf (offer) a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.2.(2016全國(guó)卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.offers考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:我們咖啡店提供完整的

16、午飯和小吃的菜單,還有時(shí)令特殊食品。is考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句中的主語(yǔ)為“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,且由often可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。-18-3.Medicine should (keep) in drawers children cant reach,and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.be kept考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子主語(yǔ)Medicine與keep構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓

17、關(guān)系,且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原形。故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be kept。4.This opening led to a cave,so the historians decided to have a look around it.The walls of the cave (cover) with ancient art.were covered考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)The walls of the cave和動(dòng)詞cover之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);且此處表示過(guò)去的狀況,主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填were covered。-19-5.So far efforts by indi

18、vidual countries (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.6.Sally (take) some courses at university,so she cant work fulltime at the moment.have done考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)So far可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語(yǔ)為efforts。故填have done。is taking考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意:薩莉在大學(xué)修著一些課程,所以目前不能全職工作。根據(jù)句意以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at the moment可知,這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。-20-7.

19、In US high school,everything (record) and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.8.Lincoln said,“Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I(spend) the first four hours sharpening the axe(斧頭).”is recorded考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。everything和謂語(yǔ)record之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且此處表示一般性的描述。故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被

20、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),即is recorded。will spend考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。林肯說(shuō):“給我六個(gè)小時(shí)去砍倒一棵樹(shù),那么我會(huì)用頭四個(gè)小時(shí)去磨斧子?！薄捌硎咕?and+陳述句”是固定句式,陳述句中用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。-21-10.To our great relief,the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we(imagine).9.I (wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm.have been wearing

21、考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意:從小學(xué)起我一直戴著眼鏡,我討厭它們。它們讓我看起來(lái)像個(gè)書(shū)呆子一樣。根據(jù)句意及since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知,這里強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,而且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。had imagined考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意:令我們寬慰的是,考試沒(méi)有我們想象的那么難。從動(dòng)作先后可知,as從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,屬于過(guò)去的過(guò)去,所以這里要使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。-22-1.(2016全國(guó)卷改編)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for co

22、oking.2.Angela woke up early every morning to study a bit before class.3.The door cant be shut,so take all your valuable things with you.usingused考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。fresh vegetables和high quality oil與use之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。wokewakes考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。由every morning可知,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);結(jié)合主語(yǔ)Angela可知,應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。刪除be考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或

23、“性能”的不及物動(dòng)詞,如lock,shut,open,sell,cut等,應(yīng)用其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。-23-4.Even if it rained,the football match will take place without delay next week.5.Caroline is the very person who give me a hand when necessary.6.This is the second time that I visited the famous national park.rainedrains考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

24、中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),故應(yīng)改為rains。givegives考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。根據(jù)“Caroline is the very person”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為person。故用gives。I后加have考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在“This/It is+the+序數(shù)詞+time+that.”句式中,that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。-24-7.Instead of punishing me that day,my parents just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.8

25、.Just then,a car stopped on the right side,and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.9.Unfortunately,when my husband went downstairs,he found the machine broke.willwould考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。由that day及主句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知,賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故將will改為would。刪除was考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,句子主語(yǔ)the driver和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞offered構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂

26、關(guān)系。故刪除was。brokebroken考查過(guò)去分詞用作形容詞,做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 -25-10.Just now,Joanna is about to open the door for her son when the telephone rang.iswas考查過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。句意:剛才,喬安娜準(zhǔn)備去給她的兒子開(kāi)門(mén)時(shí)電話響了。由rang和Just now可知,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作為從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。-26-If you dont mind 1.(pay) for a plane ticket to go to one of the greatest party c

27、ities in the world,then Prague may be 2. excellent choice for you.In 3.(real),the most expensive thing youll have to pay for will be that ticket.Once you get there,you 4.(find) an affordable hotel room easily with breakfast 5.(include).Prague is a city where the beer is 6.(simple) cheaper than water

28、.There you can taste 7. (fantasy) beers at very low prices and taste them to the fullest on the street or in a club.8. (be) you a fan of Irish music,you might visit Rock and Reillys Irish Pub.-27-There is enough room to get your groove(音樂(lè)節(jié)奏) on,as the people are always 9. a good mood.Youll be singin

29、g until you have no voice anymore,and have great quality drinks at a low cost.You dont need to book an accommodation near the center,as there is a subway train which will take you 10. you want to go in a matter of minutes.-28-.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了世界上最棒的聚會(huì)城市之一布拉格。1.paying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:如果你不介意買(mǎi)張機(jī)票去世界上最大的聚會(huì)城

30、市之一的話,那么布拉格可能會(huì)是一個(gè)絕佳的選擇。動(dòng)詞mind后要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ),mind doing sth“介意做某事”。故填paying。2.an考查冠詞。此處表示泛指,且excellent的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填不定冠詞an。3.reality考查名詞。句意:事實(shí)上,你將不得不買(mǎi)的最貴的東西將會(huì)是那張機(jī)票。in reality是固定搭配,意為“事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上”。4.will find考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一到達(dá)那里,你就會(huì)很容易找到一個(gè)你負(fù)擔(dān)得起的、提供早餐的酒店房間。Once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。-29-5.included考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處

31、為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其中breakfast與動(dòng)詞include之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。6.simply考查副詞。句意:布拉格簡(jiǎn)直是一個(gè)啤酒比水還便宜的城市。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾形容詞比較級(jí)cheaper,故要用副詞 simply“確實(shí),簡(jiǎn)直”。7.fantastic考查形容詞。句意:在那里你能以非常低的價(jià)格品嘗到極好的啤酒。空處修飾名詞beers,故用形容詞fantastic“極好的”。8.Were考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果你喜歡愛(ài)爾蘭音樂(lè),那你可以去Rock and Reillys Irish Pub。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知應(yīng)填Were。本句是虛擬條件句。其中,if從句用了省略形式,補(bǔ)充完整為:If you were a fan of Irish music。9.in考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)in a good mood意為“心情好”。故填in。-30-10.wherever/where考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,且此處指的是“因?yàn)橛械罔F會(huì)帶你在幾分鐘內(nèi)到達(dá)你想要去的(任何)地方”。故填wherever/where。