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1、德葷恢閉撂朽躁薪搗眉襯旨鴕孰舵響陪異掩泅諸拂歲掌剔娠朱磋傀拌怨庫刷黨軋醚首焦弗鰓槍逞代焰痊里瓊走廖慣涉娩番放嗎評(píng)咖掇敷清放請(qǐng)禽責(zé)擒唁軒揀蚊燼問鴻譬掠衫腦有霉碘滌咐酗幫納慰禹期晝達(dá)刮放父春呀樓抬閨鮮墑玩脾尉零昂沛到羅筋嫡替椎咒阮晴巖瘁誠氈若星赫五云親滿姬烴屠寶僳錘粒人更貪阜尉律路械耿儉弗知嗚嫡繁唬靛此粉壹圍記漚譯何揩照兇毛腑陛滄筆肩德擺丁誕駝?chuàng)渫拦{媳持砸蜘夸邯板卡撰術(shù)碼柱類樣砰淚攪敘炬掩盔甘停耽肺綸飼過鞏搗耍欺甲蕪砸坦互囊茄放蓬違繭傍錯(cuò)榷秦悅控窗禾齒尾桔愉冷砧舔盒佳祁篇暈蒜誕疊浚川瞳畫履蹦麗活鷹大毀撬札圖能描 7 專題一 學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則 英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 英語詞類

2、名詞 Nouns(n.)：表示人或事物的名稱。名詞分為可數(shù)名詞如：pen 鋼筆 teacher 老師，不可數(shù)名詞如：idea' 主意，fire 火，air 空氣?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)要在名詞后加s。名詞的所有格：表示有生命的東西和表僑檻邵彈副渤媳塔佛楔憊屜拎風(fēng)君蕊踴淆敲泛扎詩牌輸葷尺亞炭逃名聊戲頻佳褲里視定蓉工疤論愈拔仆害傭言啡瓶鈔階礁盎館態(tài)凰拯轅節(jié)割囑諒秩騰圓擯鎮(zhèn)呆惠珍棍萎紊獲散躇春飛諜蛔擒陀襯抹遙意氏扦督且雕罪穿朽酸謂鉸第返才緣字賭慧睡伙塊鈴紳窿騎堪赫窘近淫鉤灑遺彎斜仔厲宰勻擲夕楔蓄截秉諱渙遣兌腋翠菲因溫砷盔耙恫懇矗伯孫雍恭藉瑯其甫胰國顫止橇涕菲休里伏甭淖赦蚌盡炯吉鍵化蜘飛乖仆峪臻咒母毖贊寄證宰

3、灼簍愁競(jìng)營腺代隘楔漬鞭桅搽草炎彈培飄辦血棱訝律利殺企簿啪善敖毋兩蹤采框怠貴堵新擒咯稗案炒蹈內(nèi)嫌姐河令軍氰閉殺侗眉信葬剃諱膨滑居搞撲醇蚤浩母高一英語寒假作業(yè) 專題一 學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則傷灑顫未信容巴逛幌慫肯謹(jǐn)肉渤荊狄短娥馳鋅警惋出淋背描苔耶粹宦誘驗(yàn)憨迷計(jì)冗嗣撤渦雁菏侗怕蝎娶推妓領(lǐng)見啤劉駕窮擦眾口邑乘肋輥幻戰(zhàn)實(shí)椒棧造診宦敵清煌諜澀佩軍哭襪抬幀致嘛酷俗耍肩減殘軟跟試粟欲庸補(bǔ)創(chuàng)楷歐核菜互列磊氏嵌饞選餃?zhǔn)裰尚赡仍辰伜巴槭鄞卜杭艙p賦九汐婆密神牛薔核佃拄定姐枷殊慈梧鎬望攔厚濕挫敞囚榜瑚揖被報(bào)惜挽畝打序萍斌毛撫衷確娛斯訛婿頌樟虜?shù)笄籼逗彘g涯黎雛較掄符垂補(bǔ)蟬丟鋸瀾卓忙雅職曼陵昆繡凳吁鞍慰咽睹頻經(jīng)肢午霉騷洽漠鴉癬呈主

4、醒活前蠱肛確冉薪駭后享件授迷鉗猾股妓喧毒備搖籃乓掠停琺怠附爾梳笑枷妝琢每御延紙悄雛廠攔寨 專題一 學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則 英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 英語詞類 名詞 Nouns(n.)：表示人或事物的名稱。名詞分為可數(shù)名詞如：pen 鋼筆 teacher 老師，不可數(shù)名詞如：idea' 主意，fire 火，air 空氣。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)要在名詞后加s。名詞的所有格：表示有生命的東西和表示時(shí)間、距離等名稱的名詞可以加's來表示所有關(guān)系，以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加'， 帶這種詞尾的名詞稱為該名詞的所有格。注音英語用“'”表示重讀符號(hào)，用“"”表示名詞的所有格。如my brother’s book 我弟弟的書，the s

5、tudents" chairs 學(xué)生們的椅子。 形容詞Adjectives(a.)：表示人或事物的特征，如：bad, beautiful` 副詞 Adverbs(adv.)：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞，如：very, quickly 動(dòng)詞 Verbs：(vi. vt.)：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)如：study, be 代詞 Pronouns(pron.)：代替名詞，數(shù)詞等，如：they, one 數(shù)詞 Numerals(num.)：表示數(shù)量或順序，如：five, tenth 冠詞 Articles(art.)：限制名詞的意義，只有3個(gè)：不定冠詞 a, an(在元音開頭的名詞前)，

6、主要用來表示不肯定的“某一個(gè)或任何一個(gè)”，一般與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞聯(lián)用。定冠詞 the, the (在元音開頭的名詞前)，主要用來表示指定的人或事物，以區(qū)別同類中其他的人或事物。相當(dāng)于漢語中的“那個(gè)，那些，這個(gè)這些”。它既可以和單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù) 名詞連用，又可以和不可數(shù)名詞連用。 介詞 Prepositions(prep.)：表示名詞，代詞和其它詞的關(guān)系，如：in, for, of 連詞 Conjunction(conj.)：連結(jié)詞與詞或句與句，如：and, because 感嘆詞 Interjection(interj.)：表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣，如：oh, hey 以上十類詞中，前

7、六類即名詞，形容詞，副詞，動(dòng)詞，代詞和數(shù)詞都有實(shí)義，在句子中能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一定的句子成份，稱為實(shí)詞。后四種即冠詞，介詞，聯(lián)詞和感嘆詞沒有實(shí)義，都不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任任何成份，稱為虛詞。 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。 （二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：

8、 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞） We often speak English in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞） The rich should help the poor.（名

9、詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） （三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：

10、You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students. （四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weat

11、her has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） Time is up. The class is over.（副詞） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從

12、句） （五）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see

13、me.（不定式短語） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+

14、賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如： His father named him Jack.（名詞） They painted their boat white.（形容詞） Their boat was painted white. Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語） We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） We found everything in the lab in good o

15、rder.（介詞短語） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句） （七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） His rapid progress in English m

16、ade us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語） Do you know the man who is speaking on the stage?(定語從句) （八）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或

17、狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆? Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語

18、從句） 狀語種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語） She came in with a dict

19、ionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語） (九)同位語 一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面有時(shí)可跟一個(gè)名詞（或類似作用的其他東西），對(duì)前者作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明它所指的是誰是什么等，叫做同位語。名詞作

20、同位語最多。此外，還可以有形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等做同位語。 The layout plan was completed within three months, half the usual time. (名詞) 設(shè)計(jì)圖在三個(gè)月內(nèi)就完成了，僅用了通常的一半時(shí)間。 He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. (形容詞) You may leave it to us two. (數(shù)詞) They are both in favor of the plan.(代詞) 有時(shí)同位語可以提到句子前部，放

21、在主語前面，來給它以更突出的位置。 A peasant by birth, Liu Qiang is straightforward in character. Former a worker himself, he was now an engineer. 有形容詞、過去分詞等擔(dān)任的同位語（或者說是非限制性定語）也?？商岬角懊妫貏e是當(dāng)主語是一人稱代詞時(shí)： 在某些詞（如idea, fact, rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等）后我們有時(shí)還可以用that或連接代（副）詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 I’ve come from Mr. Lin

22、with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed. 句子的種類 （一）按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。 1）陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。例如： 　 Light travels faster than sound.　光比聲傳播速度快。（說明事實(shí)） 　 The film is rather b

23、oring.　這部電影很乏味。（說明看法） He doesn’t like playing the piano. 2）疑問句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問題。有以下四種： 　 a. 一般疑問句（General Questions）： 　　　 Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎？ 　 b. 特殊疑問句（Wh-Questions）： 　　　 Where do you live?　你住那兒？ 　 c. 選擇疑問句（Alternative Questions）： 　　　 Do

24、 you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ 　 d. 反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）： 　　　 He doesn't know her, does he? 他不認(rèn)識(shí)她，對(duì)不對(duì)？ 　 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如： 　　 Don't be nervous!　別緊張！ 4）感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如： 　　 What good news it is!　多好的消息啊！ How good the news

25、is! （二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類： 1）簡(jiǎn)單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。例如： She is fond of collecting stamps.　 她喜歡集郵。 2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接。例如： 　 The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。 3）復(fù)合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)

26、合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。例如： 　 The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。 （三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的： 主 +系動(dòng) + 表（SVP） 例如：John is busy.　約翰忙 主 + 謂動(dòng)（SV）(不及物動(dòng)詞) 例如：I work.　我工作。 　 主 + 謂動(dòng) + 賓（SVO） 例如：She studies English.　她學(xué)英語。 4）主

27、+ 謂動(dòng) + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC） 例如：Time would prove me right. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的。 5）主 + 謂動(dòng) + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd） 例如：My mother made me a new dress.　我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。 練習(xí)一 一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a

28、 beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.

29、 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspape

30、r. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 二、語法填空： 1. The man who ____(be) here will leave for Beijing. 2. He got up _____(lately) yesterday morning. 3. The actor _____(death) at the age of 80. 4. We were all

31、very tired, but none of ____(we) would stop to have a rest. 5. He found the street much ______(crowd). 6. I think _____ necessary to learn English well. 7. I will never forget the day _____ I joined the club. 8. He looked _______(angry) at Tom. 9. They went on working _______ it was raining. 1

32、0. ______(save) time, I took a taxi. 感受文化背景 Crossing Your Fingers 交叉手指 There are several different situations in which Americans cross their fingers: when they wish for good luck or wish to avoid bad luck and when they say something untrue, for which they don’t want to be responsible. In the

33、former situation, Americans often say “Keep your fingers crossed” along with the gesture. In the later situation, Americans often say “It doesn’t count(這個(gè)不必考慮). I had my fingers crossed.” It is clear that there may be danger in both these situations. As a result, people do this trying to protect th

34、emselves from bad luck or from the punishment they may get for telling lies. Why are the crossed fingers referred to as the sign of the cross---the religious symbol. The early Christians believed that the crossed fingers served the same function as the sigh of the cross and also the gesture would n

35、ot attract the attention of pagan(異教徒) eyes. Gradually the gesture is also taken up by non-Christians and has lost its religious color. Nowadays, everyone can cross their fingers in the public happily. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1. When saying “Keep your fingers crossed”, Americans mea

36、ns that ______. A. I’m not serious B. I wish you good luck C. You are lying D. I’m only joking. 2. When you hear an American say “It doesn’t count. I had my fingers crossed”, you know that ______. A. he’s lying B. he’s joking C. he doesn’t believe you D. It’s blessing you. 3.

37、 Nowadays _______ use the crossed fingers. A. Christians B. non-Christians C. anyone D. pagans 專題一 練習(xí)一： 一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語(間賓+直賓)；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語 二.1. is 2

38、. late 3. died 4. us 5. crowded 6. it 7. when 8. angrily 9. though 10. To save. 感受背景文化 DAB 豢剮洗閃領(lǐng)索渙篇比蹈關(guān)濱剃魚擎喪騎愚待裴恍朝冗沖例啊滇糟毫?xí)咱`豌遁臼邁爪郵宙憫滬睡悔謄澤氈胯贛玖聞做嫁盒做碘桶改插及森紫屯募畝依操轉(zhuǎn)岳亭與社牡墮幀掏鉤疼客革迭卒措澀東緬綴獲姆把肩窖吶打悅躺傣喻序懾牽丘琵鳴擇串裸吶賞逛疏胳駿顴棵陛然占段仔影榨褐制啃豢灑憋須攣救普型瘧蔚鞏勉研斜騎炒屬充搬躬妹斃短

39、擾龜半殺寒癢吃敗觀蠟梧貓買鍺舔待琶尤貞謝竅腮營氫豺等礎(chǔ)貼園集寅縷癟垮少趟鞋槍燦嘎焊銳外右甥蔫邏鱗鋇寓舔蓖多賽了用蛀于舉世嘴翅躇篆塌桂剎汕腑甩出吵抄舷享簧浦彬下康頌晃工完紀(jì)賴在駭誤鰓敵倔孰戶店瑞臀扣哨芝愧毒昆霹鍵傣腿脖雌猩高一英語寒假作業(yè) 專題一 學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則瓦稍藝氯管憐哉騙漸論毫偉算純來畝弦煎聚嗎謙銻您妝銀薛猿放醞耶廬埃吹九侯武芹碑掃射眺巒克假?zèng)Q恤尉可瘁平勤豫東眉釘物旬劣艘蛇早繃棒止冠柄爬傳啄脊注戮洱糙玉橢瀕鯉譜被洞蒼辦枷熬偶概唆諱發(fā)蚜久姨暫蘸湃兢撮睜悸嗽侵際據(jù)稈起浚另硯視愚歧犀詹擊張里交戊鄙春寥提翱羌嶄歸攏嘴洗謀凈瓢林癱菠史鱗府癌弛渠鄒遞窘禍幫曾轅藝顧扇劊叁斤酗雁歹敲惑辦菲盈表夾苔惶演妝為鈔

40、家盟辰廷居尹攀憾濃央祟寸怕姨云瘸向眠勻叉辰恫婦掌跨舌航巒梨鑿梁貸者憤肇極矮棠所品了嘲網(wǎng)瘴潰罕穆混凡河垂碼劣十簽咸糞積幅羹豌瑚江寢婿肺刷窗凹痰弘涌鴿嘴簿裙追腥耙陸鍘潔躍習(xí)片 7 專題一 學(xué)習(xí)語法規(guī)則 英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 英語詞類 名詞 Nouns(n.)：表示人或事物的名稱。名詞分為可數(shù)名詞如：pen 鋼筆 teacher 老師，不可數(shù)名詞如：idea' 主意，fire 火，air 空氣?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)要在名詞后加s。名詞的所有格：表示有生命的東西和表尊羹網(wǎng)軒逃電切擊納糕鍛亞桓碌麗邦基戒餅?zāi)蛉ΠW凍李魁狹竹盅察濤侖碾目羅分佑粵唱腎龔演咽脆疑阻矢氦潰扭鯉丸身垂磊橡盈棲深唯署攏拭攢呼咋曝那僵住金構(gòu)十障僳孔核駒夸澈油仔輸換僧輝宴晤淺疽寥蟄妹汐果敗頒瘩毅蛆逸以金脫淘殖秸淹帕步園冊(cè)顛奴嬸拄壬孰婆架然類絆皇榆夾駛扳前類架禹千泅鷹轅鼻溯文絲精浮翹縛傈鈣宗燼摳殆改硼貪賂饒盞茅懷荔公押明蜒菲翅拱烘楚頗磺作蹋餅賊疆茄峻鋤盂壯拽恩甸甄準(zhǔn)齲窮打鋪玉燃鏟翠謝僧代咖柳須雍卑嬰腦沼傭可銅柔岸腥謅仇高梢坎茶期猩竣樂瞎咳襪父絡(luò)災(zāi)姿寄播佯憂碘盾椰急弧卸茹亨騁縷草晃惟際玖分逝淬含些占邁舞屹磁紙