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1、會計學1新視野大學英語讀寫教程新視野大學英語讀寫教程 單元單元Culture ShockObjectives 1. Talk about time consciousness of Americans. 2. Learn about cultural differences. 3. Enlarge vocabulary. 4. Learn to read for main ideas. 1 1Lets talk aboutLets talk aboutCultural DifferencesCultural DifferencesvTalk aTalk about stressbout str

2、ess 6. responding to compliments & praise How to Manage the Following Situations?Situation 2 home visitSituation 3 to a partySituation 4 being invited to dinnerSituation 5 an interview Why?Why?Why?Why?Americans tend to be _. To the Arabians, _ _ is acceptable. punctualhalf an houror 40 minutes lateS

3、ituation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house. But when you knocked at the door In China, its OKto visit friendswithout callingahead of time.While in the U.S.,its impolite to doso.Mary

4、 felt surprised. Why? What is the polite way in the U.S.?Calling ahead of time.In the U.S., people tend to be _. In China, close friends tend to arrive _，but acquaintances tend to arrive _.510 late (B)before 7:00 (A) 510 earlier (D)The AmericansThe ChineseTo Visit Friends in the U.S.lateearlygive th

5、em a phone.send them a letter.send them an e-mail.fashionably latepunctualright on timeListen to the recording and fill in the blanks.GuessSituation 5:1. Any sum of money is OK for me.2. At least $2500, Im the best.4. Oh, money is not important to me. I dont come here simply for money.3. $1,000 a mo

6、nth. I can make it.TipsTHIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCESStructure Analysis Structure Analysis Idea Catching Idea CatchingTime and labor. What are the two things Americans try to save?1. Question:Way 1Way 2Way 3Way 4They treat time seriously.They do everything in a hurry.They start talking busi

7、ness quickly.They use modern devices to communi-cate with each other efficiently.2. The ways Americans save time include:To successfully solve a problemand to fulfill a job with speedis taken by _ as a sign of 3.Conclusion: different ideas The _ consider itproper to _WHAT?How?What does the writer wa

8、nt to What does the writer want to tell us?tell us?How does he support his idea?How does he support his idea? By giving specific details, then By giving specific details, then telling the reasons. telling the reasons. Americans are time conscious.Americans are time conscious. Reasons (R):1.2.3. 4.5.

9、 Specific Details (SD):Topic of Para.1 Topic of Para.2Topic of Para.3Topic of Para.4Topic of Para.57If youre not moving ahead, youre falling behind.SD:R:Para.1Americans believe no onestands still.Para.2SD:R:Time is treated as if it were something almost real.Time is a precious resource.Para.3SD:Ever

10、yone in the U.S. is in a rush.R:They are often under pressure.Para.4SD:Americans quicklystart talking business.R:Time is always ticking in their inner ear.Para.57SD:We work hard to save time. How?R:These devices can save the feet and endless amounts of time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving d

11、evices.Para. 8Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness to do things quickly.The foreigners have different ideas from those of Americans.How is the text organized?The passage is broadly put into three parts: Americans attitudes towards time, how Americans save time, and what is highly valued by Am

12、ericans in terms of time. The whole passage is developed by the method of deduction. In the first part, the general idea is clearly presented; in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given. For detailsII. Text

13、 Analysis - StructureBackII. Text Analysis: Main Idea and StructureBackThe author comes straight to the point: Americans attitudes towards time:Americans value time a n d s a v e t i m e carefully. Time is regarded as precious resources.Americans work hard at the task of saving time. They save time

14、not only in their daily life, business but also in their work. This is illustrated by the foreigners first impression of the U . S . . B e s i d e s , Americans create a series of devices to save time.By making contrast between Americans viewpoint on time and that of those from other cultures, the a

15、uthor emphasizes the main idea : In American culture, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. (L1) become bit by bit further behind(with) fail

16、to produce sth. at the proper timeAmericans think no one keeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. If you are not moving ahead, you will become further behind. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behindHes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英語方面一直落后于同組同學。 fall behind

17、 with sth. fail to produce sth. at the proper time我工作拖下來了，我得想辦法趕上。后置后置定語定語As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and mit sb./sth. to (doing) mit oneself to sth. devote to (doing) sth.BBANo further discussions arising, the meeting wa

18、s brought to an end. 沒有做進一步的討論沒有做進一步的討論, 會議就告結束了。會議就告結束了。Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor.The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed吃完午飯吃完午飯, 所有客人都回到了起居室。所有客人都回到了起居室。Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitti

19、ng-room. With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:onlyslave to drink; slave to money 學校編列了一百萬美元建新圖書館的預算。 She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 她忙極了,所以必須好好安排時間。Words a

20、nd ExpressionsWord Using plan the spending of 小兩口為下一年定預算。The young couple budgeted for the coming year.Words and ExpressionsWord Using save or spend money for 量入為出是很重要的。It is essential to balance ones budget.Words and ExpressionsWord Using a plan to show how much a person will be able to spend他以低廉的價

21、錢買下這所房子。He bought the house at a budget price.Words and ExpressionsWord Using inexpensive, cheap account for give a satisfactory explanation for 珍妮不得不向父親說明每一個便士是怎么花的。 account for be a proportion of sth.女生占我們班一半人數(shù)。 count vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; vt. calculate考試前，每一秒鐘都很重要。The gov

22、ernment raced the new law through all its stages so as to complete it before the election. do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子為看電視轉播的足球賽而匆匆做完作業(yè)。那孩子為看電視轉播的足球賽而匆匆做完作業(yè)。 政府在制定這項新法律的各階段都是匆匆完成，以便在大政府在制定這項新法律的各階段都是匆匆完成，以便在大選前完成立法。選前完成立法。FO

23、R EXAMPLE:Now you try:race through an abrupt attitude 無禮的態(tài)度無禮的態(tài)度 an abrupt change of policy 突然改變政策突然改變政策 an abrupt drop in oil prices 油價突降油價突降 abrupt adj.1) (of behavior) rough2) sudden and unexpected當我詢問她的新工作時當我詢問她的新工作時, 她對我態(tài)度非常粗魯。她對我態(tài)度非常粗魯。 會談突然結束。會談突然結束。When I asked her about her new job, she was

24、 quite abrupt with me.The meeting came to an abrupt end.FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:12. 認為某事是針對某人的認為某事是針對某人的 to take sth. personally (L19)(L. 18)當老板進行泛泛的批評時，不要對號入座當老板進行泛泛的批評時，不要對號入座?；顚W活用活學活用When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally.上一頁上一頁不得當?shù)?，不得體地不得當?shù)?，不得體地 beyond a certa

25、in appropriate point (L. 21)愛有助于孩子健康成長，但溺愛會寵壞愛有助于孩子健康成長，但溺愛會寵壞, ,甚甚至毀了孩子。至毀了孩子。Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined.上一頁上一頁Theyll be sad because theyll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cu

26、p of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country. convention n. customary practice 習俗，慣例男子在正式場合穿西裝是一種慣例。Happiness does not go as an automatic result with money. 有錢不一定就幸福。有錢不一定就幸福。exist or take place at the same time, be found together

27、 當了父親責任就隨之而來。當了父親責任就隨之而來。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:go withWe must not think of this writer as a radical socialist politician, much less a leader of a revolution. 我們不應該把這位作家看作是激進的社會政治家，更別說是革我們不應該把這位作家看作是激進的社會政治家，更別說是革命的領袖了。命的領袖了。 and even less likely她連水也不肯喝一

28、口她連水也不肯喝一口, 更別說留下吃飯了。更別說留下吃飯了。She wouldnt take a drink, still/much less would she stay for dinner. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:much less (also still less)taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們算做得不錯了。考慮到

29、他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們算做得不錯了。 Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她對孩子們的興趣，教書應是適合她的職業(yè)?？此龑⒆觽兊呐d趣，教書應是適合她的職業(yè)。FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:given (that) prep. Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.keep sth. for future

30、use, not use up sth. Save your strength for hard work youll have to do later. 養(yǎng)精蓄銳以應付今后你得去做的繁重工作。養(yǎng)精蓄銳以應付今后你得去做的繁重工作。 你能不能把你的故事留在以后告訴我你能不能把你的故事留在以后告訴我? FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:save . forCan you save your story for later?2) near in time or place1) under discussion or being considered手邊有合適的設備可用將非常有幫助。手

31、邊有合適的設備可用將非常有幫助。Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:at handbut, in contrast: while他們國家石油豐富他們國家石油豐富, 而我們國家則一點也沒有。而我們國家則一點也沒有。 Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none.FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:whereas conj.in the opinion or judgment of s

32、omeone在大家的心目中，專家總是對的。在大家的心目中，專家總是對的。FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:in ones eyesThe expert is always right in the eyes of everybody. merit, deserve worth, worthy, worthwhileFOR EXAMPLE:be worthy ofworth It is worth (doing) sth.worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done /to be doneworthwhile It is worthwhile

33、doing/to do sth.這件事值得考慮。這件事值得考慮。The matter is worth consideration/considering.The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered.It is worthwhile considering/to consider the matter.Now you try:merit, deservebe worthy ofmake sth. /sb. do sth. 你能讓這輛舊車重新跑起來嗎？你能讓這輛舊車重新跑起來嗎？Can you get the old

34、car going again? FOR EXAMPLE:Now you try:get sth. /sb. doing (sth.)I. Matching Gamego withsignificanceconductbe at handin personsuperb whereas be competent to dofulfillII. Chinese to EnglishFind out the active expressions:Find out the active expressions:Notes to the TextActive Expressions Active Exp

35、ressionsActive ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions Notes to the TextActive Expressions Tips1. There he did nothing but sleep all day long.2. Happiness doesnt necessarily go with money.3. When he writes, he always keep a dictionary at hand .4. If one wants to open a bank account in China,

36、he must go to the bank in person. Notes to the TextActive Expressions More Practice Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1.Shes nothing but skin and bones!2.Ill health often goes with poverty.3.The Christmas Day is almost at hand, have you got any idea for it?4.Youve to go sign for a contract in pers

37、on, they cant just mail it.Notes to the TextActive Expressions 她一到我們就開始。 一旦染上壞習慣,想改掉就難了。 Once she arrives, we can start. Once you get into a bad habit, youll find it hard to get out of it.Notes to the TextFocus Study given + n./ that clause , 如果有, 假如；考慮到Practice Notes to the TextFocus Study 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)

38、驗,他們算做得很出色了。 如果照樣再給他治療一次，他肯定會痊愈。 Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.Notes to the TextFocus Study In America, theres another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying? American c

39、ulture is a time-conscious culture and people value time highly. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. Many people have a rather acute(敏感的敏感的) sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Time is always ticking(滴答響滴答響) in their inner ear. As a result, sometimes people just feel helpless i

40、n front of time. They are under control of time and are slaves to the clock.referenceAfter-reading Activities-Further DiscussionCulture ShockSituation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her ho

41、use. But when you knocked at the door In China, its OKto visit friendswithout callingahead of time.While in the U.S.,its impolite to doso.Mary felt surprised. Why? What is the polite way in the U.S.?Calling ahead of time. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behindHes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英語方面一直落后于同組同學。 onlyslave to drink; slave to money