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自考00830《現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)》歷年真題集電子書 目錄 1. 目錄 3 2. 歷年真題 4 2.1 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200410 4 2.2 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200510 8 2.3 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610 12 2.4 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200701 16 2.5 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200710 18 2.6 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200801 19 2.7 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200810 22 2.8 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200901 25 2.9 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200910 29 2.10 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201001 32 2.11 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201010 35 2.12 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201101 39 3. 相關(guān)課程 41 1. 目錄 歷年真題() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200410() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200510() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200701() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200710() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200801() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200810() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200901() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200910() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201001() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201010() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201101() 相關(guān)課程() 2. 歷年真題 2.1 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200410 2004年下半年高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試 現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)　試卷 （課程代碼　0830） 第一部分　選擇題 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%10= 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. 　A. langue B. competence 　C. parole D. performance 2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ). 　A. palatalB. alveolar 　C. bilabialD. dental 3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957. 　A. L. BloomfieldB. F. Saussure 　C. N. Chomsky　D.M. A. K. Halliday 4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values. 　A. Adjacent ConditionB. parameters 　C. Case ConditionD. Case requirement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“l(fā)ass” belong is called ( ) synonyms. 　A. stylisticB. dialectal 　C. emotiveD. collocational 6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. 　A. representativesB. commissives 　C. expressives　D. declaratives 7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ). 　A. Middle EnglishB. Old English 　C. FrenchD. Norman French 8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety. 　A. geneticB. social 　C. directD. close 9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax. 　A. Werniker’sB. visual 　C. motorD. Broca’s 10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language. 　A. InstrumentalB. Functional 　C. IntegrativeD. Social 第二部分　非選擇題（共80分） Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1％10=％) 11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d . 12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and are therefore consonants. 13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc. 15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality. 16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable. 17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language. 18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at least a single language variety. 19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space. 20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species. Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2％10=％) 21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, but not written. 22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent. 23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception. 24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole. 25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context. 26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs. 27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally. 28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature. 29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant. 30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3％10=％) 31. assimilation rule 32. root 33. bound morphemes 34. surface structure 35. grammaticality 36. elaboration 37. bilingualism 38. creole 39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 40. fossilization Ⅴ. Answer the following questions.(10％2=％) 41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning. 42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features. 2.2 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200510 全國2005年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試 現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試卷 （課程代碼 0830） 本試卷共9頁，滿分100分；考試時間1 50分鐘。 總分 題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 核分人 題分 20 10 20 30 20 復(fù)查人 得分 Ⅰ． Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully． Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets． (2%10= 1．The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as A． Chinese B． English C． Chinese and English D． English and French 2． Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of ． A． the velum B． the vocal cords C． the glottis D． the uvula 3． The words that contain only one morpheme are called ． A． bound morphemes B． affixes C． free morphemes D． roots 4． Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ． A． phase structure rules B． syntactic rules C． lexical rules D． transformational rules 5． The naming theory was proposed by ． A． the Greek scholar Plato B． C．K． Ogden and I．A． Richards C． the British linguist J． Firth D． the American linguist L． Bloomfield 6． Speech act theory was first proposed by ． A． John Austin B． John Searle C． Noam Chomsky D． John Firth 7． linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages． A． Diachronic B． Synchronic C． Historical D． Comparative 8． Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a church sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast． A． registers B． styles C． dialects D． accents 9． is the study of language in relation to the mind． A． Psycholinguistics B． Sociolinguistics C． Linguistics D． Semantics 10． In general, children’s holophrastic sentences begin ． A． in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year B． in the second half of the second year C． between two and three years old D． between four and five years old Ⅱ． Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue． Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given． (1%10= 11． Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary v ————symbols used for human communication． 12． To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called d————are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds． 13． The meaning of a compound is often i ————,not always being the sum total of the meanings of itscomponents． 14． The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a m———— clause． 15． Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called s———— features． 16． C———— is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer． 17． The major phonological change in the history of English known as the Great Vowel Shift involves sevenlong, or t ————, vowels of Middle English． 18． Certain words in all societies are considered t ————－ they are forbidden or to be avoided． 19． It’s known that specialized linguistic and perceptual skills are each localized in a particular hemisphere of the brain． The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l ．———— 20． C ————speech refers to the simple, modified speech used by parents, baby-sitters, etc． when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language． Ⅲ． Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false． Put a T for true or F forfalse in the brackets in front of each statement． If you think a statement is false, you must explainwhy you think so and give the correct version．(2%10= 21．( ) According to Chomsky, a speaker can produce and understand an unlimited number of sentences because he possesses an internalized set of rules about his language． 22． ( ) Phonological rules are not language specific, i．e． once proved to be valid, they can be applied to all languages． 23． ( ) Under the Case Condition principle, when the Move αrule operates to change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice, it can move a noun phrase to any Case receiving position． 24． ( ) Lexical categories are generally known as parts of speech, and a language has major and minor lexical categories of a finite set． 25． ( ) A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed． 26． ( ) All illocutionary acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same illocutionary point． 27． ( ) Borrowing occurs when one language takes a word or morpheme from another language and adds it to its lexicon． 28． ( ) It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of language． 29． ( ) Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal cords． 30． ( ) According to Behaviorist learning theory, children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced． Ⅳ． Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration． (3%10= 31． cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 32． phoneme 33． linguistic competence 34． syntactic movement 35． homonymy 36． derivation 37． idiolect 38． the critical period hypothesis 39． intrapersonal communication 40． telegraphic speech Ⅴ． Answer the following questions．(10%2= 41． Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word, and modify the meaning of a stem, but usually do not changethe part of speech of the original word． Do you think it is true? Support your answer with examples． 42． What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim)． 2.3 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610 全國2006年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試 現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題 課程代碼：0830 Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%10= 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（　　?。? A．a(chǎn)ll consonants B．vowels only C．a(chǎn)ll consonants and some vowels D．a(chǎn)ll vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work.（　　?。? A．deletion B．a(chǎn)ssimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（　　?。? A．two roots B．a(chǎn) root and a suffix C．a(chǎn) root and a free morpheme D．a(chǎn) prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（　　?。? A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?（　　?。? A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（　　　） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________. （　　?。? A．SOV B．SVO C．VSO D．OSV 8．Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.（　　?。? A．regional B．standard C．ethnic D．situational 9．The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one’s life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language. （　　?。? A．1-2 B．2-12 C．1-12 D．13-18 10．In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this ______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（　　　） A．behaviorist B．nativist C．mentalist D．empiricist Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10= 11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language data. 12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are called the p________________ medium of language. 13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r________________ properties. 14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone. 15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y is i_________________ 16.In Austin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable. 17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a________________ and sound movement. 18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_________________ styles of language. 19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditory signals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear. 20.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences. Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%10= 21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists. 22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences. 23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention. 24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for. 25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question and the closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question. 26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said. 27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader. 28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language. 29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain. 30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%10= 31.phonemic contrast 32.free morphemes 33.hierarchi