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1、 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)專題復(fù)習(xí) Name________ 一般時 一 一般現(xiàn)在時 結(jié)構(gòu)：__________________________ 1. 描述當(dāng)前時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month/ year ...) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等 1)She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 2) She

2、_______ home for school at 7 every morning. ( leave) 3) After lunch,they usually _______ on the school field. ( play) 2. _______________________用一般現(xiàn)在時 1) The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。 2) Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3) Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了

3、地球是圓的?！?? 4) Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。 3．表當(dāng)前_______________ _ The cloth washes well。 　?? Ann writes good English but does not speak well. We must be careful. Cotton ______(catch) fire easily. 4. 當(dāng)事情按時刻表發(fā)生時，一些位移動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表示____________________。常見的動詞有：arrive/begin/come/close/ depart

4、/ end/ go /leave /open /return /sail /start /stop等。 The train___________ at 10:05 a.m. (leave) The plane from Hainan_______ at 6 p.m. (arrive) 5. 在時間，條件或讓步狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時表__________, 即__________原則 1) I'll tell him the news when he comes back.

5、 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 3）. When they_______（come）, they ______（tell） you something important. 二 一般過去時 結(jié)構(gòu)：________________________ 1. 描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))。 時間狀語有：last night (week , month , year ,

6、century ....) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago 等等。 1) He _____ his driving license last month. ( get) 2) Where _____ you _____ just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？(go) 2. 它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的_________

7、動作。 1) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 2) He used to act like that. 三 一般將來時 結(jié)構(gòu): _____ ________ ________ _________1. shall / will + 動詞原形，它沒有主觀性，是"純粹的

8、將來動作"。will還可表臨時決定，例如： 1) I shall / will not be free tomorrow . 2) He will arrive here this evening . 3) ---Someone is knocking at the door.---I _______go to open the door. 2. ___________________ a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is goi

9、ng to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3. ____________按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作； 要求或命令他人做某事。 1) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 2) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .

10、 4. ______________ 馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. I am about to go out when the telephone rings. 注意： be about to do... when... 5. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart,

11、end,open,sail , stop 的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示__________________________的事情。 　　　The train _____ at six tomorrow morning.( leave) 　　　When does the bus start? It________ in ten minutes. (start) The plane_________ off at 11:00 a.m. (take) 2）起始和位移動詞用____________表示將來 　come, go, arrive, leave, sta

12、rt, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop 　 I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。 　 ____ you ________ here till next week? (stay)你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？ Mr. Reider ______________ for New York next week. (leave) 3）在時間，條件或讓步狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時表__________, 即__________原則 When, while, before, after, till, o

13、nce, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 1) I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you

14、 in greater details. 3) When Bill _________, ask him to wait for me. (come) 4) I________ to you as soon as I ________ there. ( write arrive) 4） 以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如： 　　　 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 進(jìn)行時 一 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________ 1 __________

15、正在發(fā)生的動作(now,at this moment,at this time)。They are having a football match .Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2 ______________發(fā)生的動作 1)He is preparing for CET Band Six. 2)Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing. 3) Mr. Green is writing another novel.　 3 表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡

16、等,常與always，constantly連用。 You are always changing your mind. （表示____________） He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示_____________） One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示___________） Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us

17、.（表____） 4. 起始和位移動詞用____________表示將來 　come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop, , --see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , 等。 　 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？ Mr. Reider is leaving for Ne

18、w York next week. 5. 表漸進(jìn)過程 get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬間動詞die等。例如： 1.It’s getting cold. 2. She’s finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics. 二 過去進(jìn)行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_____________ 1） 表示在過去某時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，例如： At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. When I came to see her la

19、st time, she was writing an article. 2) 過去進(jìn)行時可用于描述背景，表示__________________.也可稱為___________. a. My brother ______ while he______ his bicycle and hurt himself.　 （ fall　ride ） b. It ____ when they ____ the station.　　 （ rain

20、 leave ） c. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun ___________我到達(dá)山頂時，陽光燦爛。 1. —Did you notice our head teacher just now? —No, I ______ of something else. A. was thinking B. thought C. had thought D. have thought 三 將來進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)：_____________

21、___________ 1. 在將來某時候正在進(jìn)行的動作例如： They will be visiting Beijing this time tomorrow. What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 2. 預(yù)計、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作。 We shall be meeting at the school gate . When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle________(wait) for you there. 綜合練習(xí)（現(xiàn)在/過去/將來進(jìn)行時）

22、1. The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 2. At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic. A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fl

23、y D. we’re to fly 3. I didn't like my aunt, who without warning and bringing us presents. A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turned up D. was always turning up 4. Tom _______ into the house when no one________. A. slipped; was looking B. had

24、 slipped; looked C. was slipped; had looked D. was slipped ; had looked 5. The last time I _____ Jane, she ________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. has seen; picked D. saw; was picking 7. ---Has Sam finished his homework today?--- I

25、 have no idea. He ____ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 8.－By the way ,have you moved into the new house?－Not yet. The walls A.are being painted B.were painted C.are painted D.are painting 9. －Has Sam his homework today?－I have no id

26、ea. He it this morning. A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done 10. If we had set off early in the morning yesterday, we over the Pacific Ocean this time tomorrow afternoon. A.would have flown B.will be flying C.had flown D.will be flown 完成時 一 現(xiàn)在完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________

27、________ 1. 未完成用法,表示動作或狀態(tài)始于過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展, 也可能剛剛結(jié)束。 He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980. 注意：a.這類動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。 b.常與表示時間段的時間狀語連用：since,for,in the past few years,so far, up to now，by now,all one's life. 2. 完成性用法，表示動作或狀態(tài)到說話時已結(jié)束，但強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響 注意：a常與非延續(xù)

28、性動詞連用 b.常與already, yet, once, twice, just, ever, never連用 He has gone to Shanghai.（結(jié)果：他已不在這兒，He is not here now.） He went to Shanghai. (只強(qiáng)調(diào)去這個動作發(fā)生在過去) 3. 反復(fù)性用法，表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 I have been to the city twice this week. 4. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時 ※ 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時，如hear, tell, learn, write , understa

29、nd, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如： 　? I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。 　? I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 Practice: 1. Through programmes like these, the WFP _______(help) more than one billion people since it ___________(set up). 2. Since the

30、 disease ________(discover)in the 1980s, it ________ (become)a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide. 3. My friend, who______on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D.

31、has served 二 過去完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：______________________ 解題的關(guān)鍵：以______________時為基礎(chǔ)?！? 1.Kim hadn’t learned any English before she came to China. 2. The meeting had already begun when they arrived. 3. I told him that we had known each other for many years. 4. The house was dirty because they hadn’t clean

32、ed it for weeks. 5. After they had eaten all the food, they cleared off the table. 6. He said he had taught in that school since 1980. 1.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間以前開始一直延續(xù)到過去某一時間，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，并常帶有for, since, by, when, until等時間狀語。如： I had stayed in Beijing for three years by then. Until then he had known not

33、hing about it. The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school. By ten o’clock we had alrealdy done half of the work. 2. 表示動作在過去某一時間前結(jié)束，通常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如： When they got to the field, the football match had already started. He had learned two hundred English words by

34、the end of last term. 3. 表示在過去某時間以前反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，常與頻度狀語連用。如： He said he had seen the film twice. 4. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，常與hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose等動詞連用。如： I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen, but that morning the room was quiet and or

35、derly. We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. Practice: 1.His wife ______ to catch the first train but she was too late. A.hoping B. had hoped C.has hoped D.would hope 2. Mary mentioned that the dog ______ her daughter more than once. A. had attacked B. attac

36、ks C. has attacked D. would attack 3.----Why didn't you come to the party? -----I___ to come, but one of my friends came to see me just then. A. wanted B. was wanting C. had wanted D. had been wanted 4.----Did you meet John here at the university? ----No, we______ when

37、 I started college. A.have already met B.already met C. would meet D. had already met 5.Class _____ by the time I ____ there, so I took a seat in the back. A.has begun, get B. had begun, got C. began, got D. begins, get 三 將來完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：______________________ 表示在未來某一時間會業(yè)已完成的

38、動作。 By this time next year he will have graduated from college. I hope that I will have finished this article before you come tomorrow. By the end of November I will/ shall have accomplished the composition of this book. Practice: By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to atten

39、d a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 四 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_______________________ 表示發(fā)生在過去的某個動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成，或許還要繼續(xù)延續(xù)；這種時態(tài)側(cè)重于這個動作的連續(xù)性，或者說不間斷性。當(dāng)謂語動詞是be時，用現(xiàn)在完成時就可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 I've been waiting for you for the whole morning. It has been raining for 3 days.

40、 1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she____ English for a year. A.studies B.studied C. is studying D. has been studying 五 過去將來時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_________________________ 用法：表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 1 賓語從句或間接引語中； When I thought about it , I wondered what

41、 their reaction would be . She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 2 表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. would +V還可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作，同used to。 When w

42、e were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer. Practice: 1.---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ---I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 2.This morning Alice _____ out _____ the door opened and in came some strangers.

43、A.was just about to go; while B.went ; when C.was going ; while D. was just about to go; when 3.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _______ office soon. A. leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left 特殊句型中的時態(tài) 1. It / This / That is + 最高級 + n. +

44、定語從句（完成時）” Eg: Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever met. 這是我吃過的最美味的食物。_________________________________ 2. “It / This / That is/was the first / second / third... time + that從句(現(xiàn)在/過去完成時)” Eg: This is the first time that I have come here. 這是我第二次參觀這所大學(xué)。______________________________

45、___ 3. It is time + 主語 + 過去式 （該是...的時候了） 　Eg: It is time the government took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. Eg: It is time the government to solve the traffic problems. 是該起床的時候了。_________________________________ _________________________________ 4. It is / has be

46、en + 一段時間 + since從句(過去時)” It is/has been two weeks since we last met. 我已經(jīng)很久沒玩得這么高興了。_________________________________ 5. 主語 + was / were + doing... when從句(過去時) She was picking cotton in the field when I saw her. 6. 主語 + was / were about to do... when從句(過去時) 主語 + was / were on the point of do

47、ing... when從句(過去時) I was about to go out when the bell rang. ________________________________________________ 7. Hardly / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞... + when從句(過去時) No sooner had + 主語 + 過去分詞... + than從句(過去時) Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. __________________________________

48、__________________ _____________________________________________________ 8. “It ＋ be ＋ 一段時間 ＋ before從句” 　　It will be two years before he comes back from abroad. 　　It was some time before we realized the truth. （2005年山東卷） 9. “祈使句/名詞短語+ and / or / otherwise + 陳述句（將來時） 　　Use your head and you’

49、ll find a way. 　　Stop smoking otherwise you’ll be in poor health. 　　A few years more and we’ll fulfill our dream of going to college. 1. I______along the street looking for a place to park when the accident____ . (06安徽卷) A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was g

50、oing; had occu 2. Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I ______ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 　　 3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying

51、 C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 4. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he______on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 5. No sooner ______ to the office than she got down to wr

52、iting the report A. has she got B. did she get C. does she get D. had she go 被動語態(tài) 主動變被動 ①My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. →An interesting book __________________________(by my friend)on my birthday. →I _____________________ an

53、 interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. ②The boss made him work all day long. →He _____________________ work all day long(by the boss) We often hear him play the guitar. →He _____ often____________ play the guitar. 主動變被動時，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加______。類似make ,hear 的動詞還有see, watch,_

54、_______________________________________________等. ③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。 She took good care of her children. →The children _________________________ (by her). You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling. →Your pronunciation and spelling _________________________________. →Attenti

55、on _________________________________ your pronunciation and spelling. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞， get / become + 過去分詞表示。 基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時可以省略）。 Exercises: 1. In some parts of the world, tea ___________ (serve) with milk and sugar. 2. The boy whom you lent the bike

56、 to __________ (hit) by a car. 3. Lincoln ________________ (think of) as a friend of freedom. 4. The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies ________ (call) gravity. 5. He was so careless as to _____________ (run over) yesterday. 注意 所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中，如rise, happ

57、en, succeed, remain, lie，run out, take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 1) When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 2) After the earthquake, few houses remained. 3) ---The English exam is not difficult, is it? --- Even Jane belongi

58、ng to the top students failed in it. 主動表被動 ①系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, appear, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep＋形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it feels very soft. The food tastes delicious/good/tasty.. The pop music so

59、unds beautiful. The water _______ cold when I jumped into the pool for morning exercises.（06 全國） A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels ②有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, cut, draw, drive,

60、open, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。 The flowers were so lovely that they _________ in no time. (07 全國) A. sold B. had been sold out C. were sold D. would sel

61、l ③want, require, need, be worth后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 On top of the world hunger, some environmental problems human activities have contributed to _______. A. needing solving B. need solving C. needing to be solved D. need to solve ④在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動表被動。 This kind of wa

62、ter isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。 Exercises: 1、The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 2、No deci

63、sion about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 3、Population experts predict that most people ______ in cities in the near future A. live B. would live C. wi

64、ll live D. have lived 4、Officials say that few patients ________with the virus owing to the effective prevention A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected 5、In recent years many football clubs ______ as business to make a profit. A. have run

65、 B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 6、He__as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded 7、-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -----

66、Yes, I did. You know, my brother _____ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played 8、I like these English songs and they _____many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 9、–--What’s that noise? --–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 10、—Do you have any problems if you__this jo