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1 2017 年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)一試題 Section I Use of English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points Could a hug a day keep the doctor away The answermay be a resounding yes 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of healthbenefits to your body and mind Believe it or not a warm embrace might evenhelp you 4 getting sick this winter In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults researchers from Carnegie Mellon University inPennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receiptof hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common coldafter being 7 to the virus People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come 8 with a cold and the researchers 9 thatthe stress reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect 11 among those who got a cold theones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs hadless severe 12 Hugging protects people who are under stress fromthe 13 risk for colds that s usually 14 with stress notesSheldon Cohen a professor of psychology at Carnegie Hugging is a markerof intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty Some experts 17 the stress reducing health related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin often called the bonding hormone 18 it promotes attachment inrelationships including that between mothersand their newborn babies Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower partof the brain and some of it is released into the bloodstream But some of it 19 in the brain where it 20 mood behavior and physiology 1 A Besides B Unlike C Throughout D Despite 2 A equal B restricted C connected D inferior 2 3 A view B host C lesson D choice 4 A avoid B forget C recall D keep 5 A collecting B affecting C guiding D involving 6 A on B in C at D of 7 A devoted B attracted C lost D exposed 8 A along B across C down D out 9 A imagined B denied C doubted D calculated 10 A served B restored C explained D required 11 A Thus B Still C Rathe D Even 12 A defeats B symptoms C errors D tests 13 A highlighted B increased C controlled D minimized 14 A presented B equipped C associated D compared 15 A assess B generate C moderate D record 16 A in the name of B in the form of C in the face of D in the way of 17 A attribute B commit C transfer D return 18 A unless B because C though D until 19 A remains B emerges C vanishes D decreases 20 A experiences B combines C justifies D influences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40 points 3 Text 1 First two hours now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight at least at some major U S airports with increasingly massive security lines Americans are willing to tolerate time consuming security protocols in return for increased safety The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea provides another tragic reminder of why But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process And it should Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives not to mention infuriating Last year the Transportation Security Administration TSA found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried Enhanced security measures since then combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago s O Hare International It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry on bags to avoid checked baggage fees though the airlines strongly dispute this There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire Enroll more people in the PreCheck program PreCheck is supposed to be a win win for travelers and the TSA Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk saving time for everyone involved TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck 4 It has not gotten anywhere close to that and one big reason is sticker shock Passengers must pay 85 every five years to process their background checks Since the beginning this price tag has been PreCheck s fatal flaw Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level But Congress should look into doing so directly by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines It is long past time to make the program work 21 The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to A explain American s tolerance of current security checks B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U S airports D emphasize the importance of privacy protection 22 Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports A New restrictions on carry on bags B The declining efficiency of the TSA C An increase in the number of travellers D Frequent unexpected secret checks 23 The word expedited Liner 4 Para 5 is closet in meaning to A quieter B cheaper C wider D faster 24 One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale B its wrongly directed implementation C the government s reluctance to back it 5 D an unreasonable price for enrollment 25 Which of the following would be the best for the text A Less Screening for More Safety B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreCheck Lanes Text 2 The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers wrote Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii s last reigning monarch in 1897 Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society Sadly all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope TMT a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity s view of the cosmos At issue is the TMT s planned location on Mauna Kea a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world s most powerful telescopes Rested in the Pacific Ocean Mauna Kea s peak rises above the bulk of our planet s dense atmosphere where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today 6 Yet science has a cultural history too with roots going back to the dawn of civilization The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are where we come from and where we are going Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars 26 Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time 27 Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features B its protective surroundings C its religious implications D its existing infrastructure 28 The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life B it reminds them of a humiliating history 7 C their culture will lose a chance of revival D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea 29 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility 30 The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism B passive acceptance C slight hesitancy D full approval Text 3 Robert F Kennedy once said that a country s GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile With Britain voting to leave the European Union and GDP already predicted to slow as a result it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century Many argue that it is a flawed concept It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do By most recent measures the UK s GDP has been the envy of the Western world with record low unemployment and high growth figures If everything was going so well then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit despite the warnings about what it could do to their country s economic prospects A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well being sheds some light on that question Across the 163 countries measured the UK is one of the poorest 8 performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens Rather than just focusing on GDP over 40 different sets of criteria from health education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing While all of these countries face their own challenges there are a number of consistent themes Yes there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash but in key indicators in areas such as health and education major economies have continued to decline Yet this isn t the case with all countries Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society income equality and environment This is a lesson that rich countries can learn When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country s success the world looks very different So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations as a measure it is no longer enough It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person s sense of well being The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well being and for growth But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress 31 Robert F Kennedy is cited because he A praised the UK for its GDP B identified GDP with happiness C misinterpreted the role of GDP D had a low opinion of GDP 32 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that A the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern 9 B the UK will contribute less to the world economy C GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK D policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP 33 Which of the following is true about the recent annual study A It excludes GDP as an indicator B It is sponsored by 163 countries C Its criteria are questionable D Its results are enlightening 34 In the last two paragraphs the author suggests that A the UK is preparing for an economic boom B high GDP foreshadows an economic decline C it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP D it requires caution to handle economic issues 35 Which of the following is the best for the text A High GDP But Inadequate Well being a UK lesson B GDP figures a Window on Global Economic Health C Robert F Kennedy a Terminator of GDP D Brexit the UK s Gateway to Well being Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor Robert McDonnell But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government 10 The high court s decision said the judge in Mr McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his official acts or the former governor s decisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties Merely helping a gift giver gain access to other officials unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials is not corruption the justices found The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is distasteful and nasty But under anti bribery laws proof must be made of concrete benefits such as approval of a contract or regulation Simply arranging a meeting making a phone call or hosting an event is not an official act The court s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery The basic compact underlying representative government wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives not the courts to ensure equality of access to government Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift This type of integrity requires will enforced laws in government transparency such as records of official meetings rules on lobbying and information about each elected leader s source of wealth Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption But it is not always corruption Rather officials must avoid double standards or different types of access for average people and the wealthy If connections can be bought a basic premise of democratic society that all are equal in treatment by government is undermined Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual 11 The court s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism 36 The underlined sentence Para 1 most probably shows that the court A avoided defining the extent of McDonnell s duties B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell C was contemptuous of McDonnell s conduct D refused to comment on McDonnell s ethics 37 According to Paragraph 4 an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves A concrete returns for gift givers B sizable gains in the form of gifts C leaking secrets intentionally D breaking contracts officially 38 The court s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are A allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters B qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues C justified in addressing the needs of their constituents D exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism 39 Well enforced laws in government transparency are needed to A awaken the conscience of officials B guarantee fair play in official access C allow for certain kinds of lobbying D inspire hopes in average people 40 The author s attitude toward the court s ruling is A sarcastic B tolerant 12 C skeptical D supportive Part B Directions The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order For Questions 41 45 you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A G to filling them into the numbered box Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 10 points A The first published sketch A Dinner at Poplar Walk brought tears to Dickens s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches which appeared under the pen name Boz in The Evening Chronicle earned him a modest reputation B The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers as it is generally known today secured Dickens s fame There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars and the plump spectacled hero Samuel Pickwick became a national figure C Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten famous artist Robert Seymour who had originated the idea for the story With characteristic confidence Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour s pictures illustrate his own story instead After the first installment Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose Seymour made the change went into his backyard and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist The comic novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837 13 D Charles Dickens is probably the best known and to many people the greatest English novelist of the 19th century A moralist satirist and social reformer Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society E Soon after his father s release from prison Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament At the same time Dickens who had a reporter s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd submitted short sketches to obscure magazines F Dickens was born in Portsmouth on England s southern coast His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office a respectable position but wish little social status His paternal grandparents a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status having been servants and Dickens later concealed their background Dicken s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family Yet two years before Dicken s birth his mother s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe never to return The family s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren s Blacking Warehouse a shoe polish factory