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本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書
摘要
隨著機(jī)械產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的性質(zhì)和質(zhì)量的提高,因此對(duì)機(jī)床的不僅需要具有較高的精度和生產(chǎn)率,而且應(yīng)該能夠迅速的適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品零件的變換。又因?yàn)閿?shù)控機(jī)床的費(fèi)用很高,所以普通機(jī)床的數(shù)控改造是必需的。
本書是對(duì)數(shù)控車床的改造和設(shè)計(jì),因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)的是簡易型經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)控,所以在考慮具體方案時(shí),基本原則是在滿足需求的前提下,對(duì)于機(jī)床盡可能減小改動(dòng)量,以降低成本。主要改造了縱向和橫向兩個(gè)方向的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)。通過運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,然后運(yùn)用脈沖控制步進(jìn)電機(jī),來實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)方向的進(jìn)給。
本書主要分為三個(gè)部分,第一部分是方案的擬定,第二部分使機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,第三部分是控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。
改造的方法是將縱向和橫向的絲杠換為滾珠絲杠,并安上步進(jìn)電機(jī)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)經(jīng)過齒輪減速后,帶動(dòng)滾珠絲杠的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)工作臺(tái)的自動(dòng)進(jìn)給。
關(guān)鍵詞:精度,滾珠絲杠,脈沖,進(jìn)給,步進(jìn)電機(jī)。
Abstact
Along with the property of the machine product quality and the exaltation of the quality, the machine have higher precision and rate of production, and it can quick apply the product parts of transformation.Again the expenses of the numerical control machine are very cost, so it is very necessary that common machine are changed the numerical control machine .
This book is the projet that control lather are changed and designed, because designning is an economy numerical control machine , under the premise that fill requirement, it is demanded to let up to change the momentum of the machine to low cost.It is changed by lengthways and horizontal organization full general originall.Use the computer to deal with the data,then servo the electrical machinery with the pulse control,and realizes two directional feeds.
This book main is divided into three part, the first part is the project of draw-up, the second part is the calculation of machnical design, the third part is control system of design calculation.
The method of reformation change lengthways and horizontal to ballscrew , and build in repeating . After retardment of the gear, the repeating can carry out aggression of desk automatizationly by driving ballscrew running. Keyword:precision,ballscrew,pulse,feed,repeating.
目錄
緒論 …………………………………………………………………………………………1
第1章 方案的擬定………………………………………………………………………2
1.1數(shù)控改造的必要性 …………………………………………………………………2
1.2數(shù)控改造的目的 ……………………………………………………………………2
1.3設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ……………………………………………………………………………3
1.4數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備 ……………………………………………………………………………3
1.5基本方案的比較和選擇 ……………………………………………………………3
1.6總體方案的確定 ……………………………………………………………………5
第2章 機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算……………………………………………………………7
2.1確定系統(tǒng)脈沖當(dāng)量 …………………………………………………………………7
2.2切削力的計(jì)算 ………………………………………………………………………7
2.3縱向滾珠絲杠設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ……………………………………………………………8
2.3.1滾珠絲杠螺母副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 …………………………………………………8
2.3.2計(jì)算最大動(dòng)負(fù)載 ………………………………………………………………8
2.3.3傳動(dòng)效率計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………………10
2.3.4剛度驗(yàn)算 ………………………………………………………………………10
2.3.5穩(wěn)定性的驗(yàn)算 …………………………………………………………………11
2.3.6滾珠絲杠副的等級(jí)精度 ………………………………………………………11
2.4橫向滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………11
2.4.1計(jì)算軸向力 ……………………………………………………………………11
2.4.2計(jì)算最大負(fù)載C ………………………………………………………………11
2.4.3傳動(dòng)效率計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………………12
2.4.4剛度驗(yàn)算 ………………………………………………………………………12
2.4.5穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算 ……………………………………………………………………13
2.5塑料導(dǎo)軌的應(yīng)用 ……………………………………………………………………13
2.6進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算 …………………………………………………………13
2.6.1縱向傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)計(jì)算……………………………………………………………13
2.6.2橫向傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)計(jì)算……………………………………………………………17
2.7步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選用 ……………………………………………………………20
2.7.1縱向進(jìn)給步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算……………………………………………………20
2.7.2橫向進(jìn)給步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算……………………………………………………23
第3章 控制部分設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算……………………………………………………………27
3.1控制系統(tǒng)的功能………………………………………………………………………27
3.2 CPU和存儲(chǔ)器…………………………………………………………………………27
3.3 時(shí)鐘電路 ……………………………………………………………………………28
3.4復(fù)位方式………………………………………………………………………………29
3.5 I/O接口電路…………………………………………………………………………29
3.6光電隔離器功放電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………31
3.6.1驅(qū)動(dòng)回路的時(shí)間常數(shù) …………………………………………………………31
3.6.2時(shí)間常數(shù)為 ……………………………………………………………………31
3.6.3高壓電源的確定 ………………………………………………………………31
3.6.4元器件的確定 …………………………………………………………………31
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………35
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………………………36
附件 …………………………………………………………………………………………37
IV