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第37講完形填空(一),英語(yǔ),完形填空。(2014，杭州)AtadaycarecentreinTexas，JessicaMcClurewasplayingoutside.Jessicasmother，__1__workedatthedaycarecentre，waswatchingher.SuddenlyJessica__2__anddisappeared.Jessicasmothercriedandrantoher.Thewellintheyardwasonlyeightinchesacross，andarockalways__3__it.Butchildrenhadmovedtherock.__4__Jessicafell，shefellrightintothewell.Jessicasmotherrantoaphoneandcalled911for__5__．Menfromthefiredepartmentarrived.They__6__thatJessicawasabout20feetdowninthewell.ThentheytoldJessicasparentstheir__7__．“Wecantgodownintothewell，”theysaid，“Itstoosmall.So，weregoingtodigahole__8__thewell.Welldigdownabout20feet.Thenwelldigatunnel(通道)acrosstoJessica.Whenwereachher，wellbringherthroughthetunnel.Thenwellbringherupthroughour__9__．”,ThemenbegantodigtheholeonaWednesdaymorning.Twodayslater，onFridaymorning，theywere__10__digging.AndJessicaMcClurewasstillinthewell.AllovertheworldpeoplewaitedfornewsofJessica.Theyreadaboutherinnewspapersandwatchedherrescue(營(yíng)救)onTV.Everyone__11__thelittlegirlinthewell.At8：00p．m.onFriday，themen__12__reachedJessicaandbroughtherupfromthewell.Thendoctorsrushedhertothehospital.Jessicawasbadlyinjuredbutshewasstill__13__．Adoctoratthehospitalsaid，“Jessicaisluckysheisvery__14__．Shesnotgoingtorememberthisverywell.”MaybeJessicawillnotrememberherdaysinthewell.Butherparents，herrescuers，andmanyotherpeoplearoundtheworldwillnotforget__15__．,AfterJessicasrescue，oneoftherescuersmadeametalcoverforthewell.Onthecoverhewrote，“ToJessica，withlovefromallofus.”(B)1.A.sheB．whoC．whomD．which(A)2.A.fellB．sleptC．stoppedD．rose(C)3.A.brokeB．hidC．coveredD．opened(D)4.A.BecauseB．AlthoughC．IfD．When(C)5.A.adviceB．moneyC．helpD．information(B)6.A.promisedB．discoveredC．hopedD．a(chǎn)greed(D)7.A.dreamB．studyC．lessonD．plan(A)8.A.nexttoB．a(chǎn)longwithC．farfromD．outof,(C)9.A.wellB．tunnelC．holeD．yard(A)10.A.stillB．a(chǎn)lreadyC．a(chǎn)lwaysD．a(chǎn)lmost(B)11.A.lookedafterB．worriedaboutC．madefriendswithD．stayedawayfrom(D)12.A.immediatelyB．usuallyC．quicklyD．finally(C)13.A.aloneB．a(chǎn)sleepC．a(chǎn)liveD．a(chǎn)fraid(A)14.A.youngB．popularC．cleverD．pretty(B)15.A.itB．themC．himD．us,“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。(一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞：1．語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接副詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞等。2．具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的等級(jí)等。3．固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。4．同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5．根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。,(二)“完形填空”題解題策略：1．解題前要通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系．結(jié)果做出來的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。2．解題時(shí)要全面考慮，確定選項(xiàng)。完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的信息，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，確定正確的答案。其具體做法有：,①重視首句尋求信息完形填空本是一篇?dú)埲钡奈恼拢粝率拙淇梢詭椭忌私馕恼碌闹黝}，可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開思維?！纠?】Mystutter(口吃)hadalwaysbeenmuchofaproblem.Idhadsomanyspecialistsformy________overtheyears.(2013，北京，35)A．speechB．studyC．dreamD．fear解析：由首句“我的口吃已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問題”可知，作者在說話方式上很“獨(dú)特”。speech指“說話方式”。答案：__A__,Mymotheronlyhadoneeye.Andbecauseofthis，Ineverwishedhertoshowupinmyschool，beingafraidthatmyclassmateswould__1__Ihadanuglymother.(2014，十堰，41)(D)1.A.runoutB．putoutC．comeoutD．findout②明辨褒貶語(yǔ)境，判斷是非幾乎每篇完形填空的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和作者寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性就能對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷，從而在吃透文章并準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息，找出能反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)或句子，大膽預(yù)測(cè)下文?！纠?】Atlast，hisdreamcametrue，andhisparentswere________ofhim.(2013，長(zhǎng)沙，40)A．famousB．strictC．proud解析：由全文可知，父母看到兒子通過努力實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想，應(yīng)該感到自豪。答案：__C__,Iwantedtogetarideinsomebodyelsescar，butitwasdarkandtherewasnocar.Itwasalso__2__totakeataxi.(2013，湘潭)(B)2.A.easyB．difficultC．early③巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷邏輯平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語(yǔ)氣一致的句子或短語(yǔ)組成串排列的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對(duì)比這一特點(diǎn)來設(shè)題。了解這一點(diǎn)可大大提高解題效率?！纠?】JimSmithwasapoorboy.Onedayhewasverycoldand________.Hecametoahouseandaskedayoungwomanonlyforaglassofwater.(2013，云南，41)A．hotB．hungryC．coolD．strong解析：由上文“hewasverycold”可知，與cold相對(duì)的是“餓”。答案：__B__,Theyfoundthatthekidswhowatchedviolentcartoonsfoughtwithothersand__3__classrulesmoreoften.(2014，宜賓，47)(A)3.A.brokeB．followedC．obeyedD．made④結(jié)合常識(shí)，明辨真?zhèn)巍纠?】Wecantforcelifetofollowourwishes.Theearthwont________turningwhetherweacceptitornot.(2013，山西，36)A．stopB．keepC．start解析：無(wú)論我們是否接受，地球都不會(huì)停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。答案：__A__,Whenyoudosomethingniceforsomeone，youshouldntexpecttogetanything，butwhenyoudogetsomethingyoushouldbevery__4__．(2014，鄂州，45)(C)4.A.hopefulB．wonderfulC．thankfulD．helpful,(一)LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，adistanceofabout80miles.Itwaslate.Iwaslate，andIwasdriving__1__．Atonepointalonganopenhighway，Icametoacrossroadwithatrafficlight.Iwas__2__ontheroadbynow，butasIcamenearthelight，itturned__3__，andIbrakedtoastop.Ilookedleft，right，andbehindme.Nothing.Notacar，nosuggestionofheadlights，__4__thereIsat，waitingforthelightto__5__，theonlyhumanbeing，foratleastamileinany__6__．IstartedwonderingwhyI__7__torunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeingcaught，becausetherewas__8__nopolicemananywherearoundandtherecertainlywouldhavebeenno__9__ingoingthroughit.,Muchlaterthat__10__，afterIdmetwithagroupinLewisburgandhadclimbedintobednearmidnight，thequestionofwhyIdstoppedforthatlight__11__me.IthinkIstopped__12__itspartofacontract(契約)weallhavewitheachother.Itsnotonlythelaw，butitsanagreementwehave，andwetrusteachothertofollow__13__：Wedontgothroughredlights.Wedo__14__wesaywelldo.Weshowupwhenwesaywellshowup.Iwasso__15__ofmyselfforstoppingforthatredlight.AndasnoonewouldeverhaveknownwhatagoodpersonIwasontheroadfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，Ihadtotellsomeone.,(A)1.A.fastB．slowlyC．carefullyD．hard(B)2.A.lateB．a(chǎn)loneC．worriedD．a(chǎn)fraid(C)3.A.greenB．yellowC．redD．dark(D)4.A.andB．orC．soD．but(B)5.A.returnB．changeC．startD．continue(C)6.A.attentionB．backgroundC．directionD．information(A)7.A.refusedB．decidedC．preparedD．forgot(D)8.A.hardlyB．luckilyC．usuallyD．clearly(A)9.A.dangerB．excuseC．spaceD．energy,(B)10.A.momentB．nightC．a(chǎn)fternoonD．morning(D)11.A.dependedonB．lookedforwardtoC．stayedawayfromD．camebackto(C)12.A.thoughB．unlessC．becauseD．until(B)13.A.meB．itC．himD．us(A)14.A.whatB．howC．whyD．that(C)15.A.tiredB．readyC．proudD．sorry,(二)(2014，紹興)ASmilingFaceattheStoreIneedtogetsomethingstocleanthehousethisweekend，soIheadedovertoalocalstore.Whilewalkingaround，IrealizedthatIwasnt__16__atanyone.Thatwasoutofcharacter.Ialmostalwayssmileatstrangerswiththe__17__thatitmightbrightentheirdayabit.Butinthatparticularmoment，Iwasthinkingofwhathad__18__meearlierintheday，notreallyinthemood(心情)tosmile.WhenIwenttocheckoutmythings，Imet__19__averylongline.PeoplewerebuyingChristmasgifts.Toshortenthefirstline，asecondregister(收銀臺(tái))openedup.I__20__turnedtoit.Afterafewmoments，Ibeganto__21__thatallthepeoplebeforemehadlotsofthingstocheckout.Iwasnt__22__anylonger，soIreturnedtothefirstline.Afterashortwhile，allthepeopleinthesecondlinecheckedout.Iwas__23__standinginthefirstline.,Atlast，itwasmy__24__tocheckout.Ifoundthatthemanbehindtheregisterseemedso__25__！Hegreetedmewithahugesmile.“Itsniceto__26__seeasmilingfaceinthisstore，”Icommented.Hereplied，“Ilovetosmile，__27__youneverknowwhatpeoplearegoingthrough.”Atthatmoment，hemademethinkof__28__．Somethinginmechanged，andwebegan__29__kindness—abouthowitgoesalongway.Therewasnoonebehindme，sowetalkedandlaughedforawhile.Whata__30__itis，tobecheeredupbythiskindyoungman！Isuddenlyhadallthetimeintheworld.,(C)16.A.shoutingB．pointingC．smilingD．knocking(A)17.A.hopeB．planC．suggestionD．decision(B)18.A.pleasedB．troubledC．relaxedD．treated(D)19.A.forB．a(chǎn)tC．inD．with(B)20.A.slowlyB．quicklyC．a(chǎn)ctuallyD．easily(C)21.A.rememberB．supposeC．noticeD．imagine(A)22.A.patientB．nervousC．politeD．silent(D)23.A.justB．everC．onceD．still(A)24.A.turnB．dreamC．dutyD．courage,(C)25.A.seriousB．calmC．happyD．clever(D)26.A.especiallyB．naturallyC．firstlyD．finally(B)27.A.whenB．becauseC．butD．so(C)28.A.himselfB．yourselfC．myselfD．herself(B)29.A.thinkingaboutB．talkingaboutC．worryingaboutD．learningabout(A)30.A.giftB．pityC．chanceD．surprise,16．C【解析】后文說自己是一個(gè)經(jīng)常對(duì)人微笑的人，但是那天心情不好，所以沒有對(duì)任何人微笑。17．A【解析】“我經(jīng)常對(duì)陌生人微笑”希望能讓他們的一天明朗一點(diǎn)。18．B【解析】后文說沒心情微笑，可知選B，“我”被那天早些時(shí)候的事情所困擾。19．D【解析】meetwith“遇上，遇到”。20．B【解析】隊(duì)伍排得很長(zhǎng)，開了第二個(gè)收銀臺(tái)，“我”當(dāng)然是趕緊擠過去了。21．C【解析】notice“意識(shí)到”。22．A【解析】Iwasntpatientanylonger.“我沒有耐心繼續(xù)等了”。23．D【解析】句意為“等第二列的人都結(jié)完賬了，我還排在第一列結(jié)賬隊(duì)伍里。”,24．A【解析】itwasonesturntodosth.“輪到某人做某事”。25．C【解析】happy對(duì)應(yīng)ahugesmile。26．D【解析】由句意“很高興最終在這個(gè)商店可以看到一張笑臉”，可知選D。27．B【解析】收銀員解釋自己愛笑的原因。28．C【解析】“我”在那一刻想到了“我”自己，“我”之前也一直對(duì)陌生人微笑。29．B【解析】talkabout“交談”。30．A【解析】被這個(gè)善良的年輕人感染了情緒，使“我”高興起來，這是我收到的一份美好的禮物。,(三)(2014，嘉興)Oneday，thestudentsofClass6werereadingintheclassroom.Mrs.Browncameinandtoldthewholeclassthattheywouldhavetochange__31__inMarch.Thenaughtiestclassinthegradecouldnot__32__it.Thepupilsalldisagreedwiththedecision，sotheyshoutedwhenMrs.Brownsaiditwasbecauseanewpupilwouldbe__33__theclass.Theclasswasindisorder.“Whymustwemovetoanotherclassroomjustbecausesomeonenewiscoming？”oneofthemasked__34__．Mrs.Brownwaitedpatientlybeforetheclasswithoutsayinganything.Thestudentssawitandtheybecamequiet.Mrs.Browntoldthemtobe__35__totheirnewclassmateandthensheleft.,Thefollowingweek，theclassunderstood__36__．Theprincipalhimselfbroughtthenewstudenttotheirclass.__37__，Mr.Whitepushedthenewstudenttotheclassbecausethestudentwasinawheelchair.Mr.White__38__thenewstudentasJeffandaskedthemtobefriendlytohim.HesaidthatJeffnowwasa__39__oftheclassandtheyshouldworktogether.Headded，“Ahousedivided(分開)againstitselfcannotstand.”__40__couldfullyunderstandwhatMr.Whitemeantatfirst.Overtime，theybegantounderstandwhattheirprincipalmeant.Jeffwasa__41__studentandoftenlentahelpinghandtostudentswhodidnotunderstand__42__work.Theyfeltverythankfultohim.Theytookturnstowheelhimabout__43__theyknewwellthatwhensomeonedidsomethingforyou，you__44__dosomethingbackinreturn.Notonlydidtheirresults__45__，buttheirbehaviourbecamebetter.ItwasaspecialyearClass6wouldneverforget.,(D)31.A.partnerB．lessonC．teacherD．classroom(C)32.A.tryB．catchC．believeD．manage(D)33.A.leadingB．helpingC．visitingD．joining(B)34.A.sadlyB．a(chǎn)ngrilyC．seriouslyD．coldly(A)35.A.niceB．usefulC．honestD．careful(A)36.A.whyB．whereC．whenD．how(D)37.A.SofarB．AboveallC．AsusualD．Infact(C)38.A.mistookB．describedC．introducedD．remembered,(B)39.A.hopeB．memberC．monitorD．symbol(A)40.A.NobodyB．SomebodyC．AnybodyD．Everybody(D)41.A.luckyB．strictC．funnyD．bright(C)42.A.hisB．herC．theirD．our(B)43.A.ifB．becauseC．untilD．though(A)44.A.shouldB．couldC．mightD．would(C)45.A.appearB．developC．improveD．continue,31．D【解析】由34空前的句子“Whymustwemovetoanotherclassroom...？”可知是換教室。32．C【解析】不敢相信老師說的這件事。33．D【解析】jointheclass“加入這個(gè)班”。34．B【解析】由上文同學(xué)們的反應(yīng)可知他們不愿為一個(gè)新同學(xué)的加入而換教室，所以有點(diǎn)生氣。35．A【解析】對(duì)新同學(xué)要友好點(diǎn)。36．A【解析】全班同學(xué)都明白了為什么。37．D【解析】前后句意為“校長(zhǎng)親自帶新同學(xué)到他們班上。事實(shí)上，新同學(xué)是坐在輪椅上由懷特老師推進(jìn)來的?！?8．C【解析】介紹新同學(xué)。,39．B【解析】amemberoftheclass“班級(jí)中的一員”。40．A【解析】“剛開始，沒有人能充分理解懷特老師的話?！毕挛慕又岬健昂髞?，他們才開始明白……”。41．D【解析】bright“聰明的”。42．C【解析】本句為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“students”，故是“他們的”。43．B【解析】句意為“他們輪流推著他四處逛逛，因?yàn)樗麄冎喇?dāng)他人幫助過你的話(新同學(xué)成績(jī)好，經(jīng)常幫助其他同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí))，你也應(yīng)該做些事情回報(bào)他?！?4．A【解析】見43題。45．C【解析】不僅成績(jī)提高了，他們行為也更文明了。,請(qǐng)完成考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)37,