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語法專題（十三）賓語從句和定語從句,PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和語序。（2）定語從句的意義理解。（3）關(guān)系詞的正確理解和運(yùn)用。,,考點(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)詞,1.在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,若是陳述句作賓語,that可以省略。Theradiosays（that）itwillraintomorrow.收音機(jī)報(bào)道明天要下雨。2.連接代詞which,what,who等或副詞how,where,why,when等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句作賓語時(shí),從句要用陳述語序。Couldyoutellmetoyou?你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎?,whathesaid,,3.whether或if引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句或選擇疑問句作賓語時(shí),從句要用陳述語序。IwonderyouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。[注意]下列幾種情況通常使用whether:（1）具有選擇意義且又有or或ornot,尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí),往往用whether;（2）介詞之后用whether;（3）不定式前用whether。,if/whether,,考點(diǎn)二時(shí)態(tài),1.當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。（主現(xiàn)從不限）Irememberhemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。HehastoldmethatheforNewYorktomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他就動(dòng)身去紐約了。2.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。（主過從過）WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我們問瓊那時(shí)正在做什么。3.當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí),賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（客觀真理永不變）Lisaaskedwhetherlightfasterthansound.麗薩問光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。,gave,willleave,travels/goes,,考點(diǎn)三語序,賓語從句一律用陳述語序,即:主語+謂語+其他。Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我想知道它是真是假。Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候離開嗎?1.陳述句改為賓語從句時(shí),語序不變。Heisagoodchild.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasagoodchild.老師說他是個(gè)好孩子。,,2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時(shí),語序改為陳述語序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whether.我想知道他工作是否努力。Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開的。[注意]賓語從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換:由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。Idon’tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon’tknowwhat.我不知道要說什么。,tosay,heworkshard,,考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom,which,that。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法:,,考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法,that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞。1.下列情況只能用that（1）先行詞為不定代詞all,few,little,much,everything,anything,none,nothing等時(shí)。All（that）youhavetodoistopracticeeveryday.你要做的就是每天練習(xí)。Thereisn’tmuch（that）Icando.我能做的不多。（2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thefirstlesson（that）Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。Thisisthebestfilm（that）Ihaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的一部電影。（3）先行詞被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Ihavereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書。,,（4）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時(shí)。ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.這朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的。ThisistheverybookIwanttoread.這就是我想看的那本書。（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那邊的那個(gè)人是誰?Whichofusthatknowsomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?在我們懂點(diǎn)物理的人當(dāng)中有誰不知道這個(gè)?,that,,（6）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingswecouldremember.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪隆＃?）time作先行詞且前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),定語從句用that來引導(dǎo)（that可省略）;如果沒有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),既可用when也可用that來引導(dǎo)。Thisisthelasttime（that）Ishallgiveyoualesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。Thefirsttime（that）Isawhimwasin1972.我第一次見到他是在1972年。,that,,2.下列情況只能用which（1）關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時(shí),用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthebookforyouask.這是你要的書。（2）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),只能用which。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.這本我已經(jīng)讀了三遍的小說很感人。,which,,考點(diǎn)三關(guān)系副詞的用法,,1.[2018河北]—Hi,Ken.DidMrs.Zhangtellus?—Yes.Shesaidweshouldmeetthereatnine.A.whichwasthewaytothestationB.whyweshouldmeetatthestationC.whenweshouldgettothestationD.whoweshouldmeetatthestation2.[2016河北]I’mplanningatriptothebeachtomorrow,butstillcan’tdecide.A.whereI’mgoingB.howI’mgoingC.whyI’mplanningD.whenI’mplanning3.[2015河北]—Couldyoutellme?—Talkingaboutfestivals.A.howtheyareplayingB.whattheyaredoingC.wheretheyaregoingD.whytheyarepracticing,C,B,B,,4.[2014河北]Ihavesometicketsforthebasketballmatch.Iwonder.A.whereyoubuytheticketsB.whyyouliketogothereC.ifyou’dliketocomealongD.whenyouwatchthematch5.[2013河北]Ifyoucan’tfindtheplace,Iwillshowyou.A.whatitisB.whatitwasC.whereitisD.whereitwas6.[2018秦皇島青龍一模]—Iwonder.—Yes,ofcourse.A.whywewillvisitthismuseumB.whenwewillgettothemuseumC.whetherthemuseumisworthvisitingD.whatwecanseeinthemuseum,C,C,C,,7.[2018定興二模]—Couldyoutellme?—Oh,I’mnotsure.Probablyat3:00.A.wherewecangoB.whywewillgoC.whenwewillgoD.howwecango8.[2018石家莊裕華區(qū)一模]Inourlife,wedon’talwaysknow.A.whatwillhappentomorrowB.whowillwemeettomorrowC.ifcanwebesuccessfultomorrowD.howtodowiththeproblemstomorrow9.[2018唐山豐南區(qū)二模]—Whatdidyousaytomejustnow?Thereistoomuchnoise.—Iwondered.A.whatrulesyouhadinyourschoolB.howyoucometoschoolC.wheredidyouhavelunchD.whatsizebowlofnoodleswouldyoulike,C,A,A,,10.[2018唐山路南區(qū)二模]IntheUK,awomanusuallydoesn’tliketobeasked.A.whendidshegetmarriedB.whatisherageC.wheredoesshecomefromD.howmuchsheweighs,D,,Ⅱ.英譯漢1.Iwanttoknowifthespeechisworthlisteningto.2.Pleasetakewhattheteachersaidseriously.3.Idon’tthinkhewillsaynotoouraskinghimforhelp.4.Youdonotwinrespectbyshowingwhoyouare,butwhatyou’reabletodo.5.Couldyoutellmehowlongsuchcoldweatherwilllast?,我想知道這個(gè)演講是否值得一聽。,請(qǐng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待老師所說的話。,我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)拒絕我們的求助。,你不是通過你是“誰”贏得尊重,而是通過你能做什么。,你能告訴我如此寒冷的天氣將持續(xù)多久嗎?,,6.IlikemusicwhichIcandanceto.7.Ilookuptothepolicemanwhohashelpedmeout.8.Webelievethatsuccessalwaysbelongstothepeoplewhoneversay“giveup”.9.Ireallylikethefamilyphotowhichwastakenonmygrandpa’s80thbirthday.10.Sheoftenparkshercarnearthehousewhichshecaneasilygetto.,我喜歡能隨著跳舞的音樂。,我崇敬那位幫我擺脫困境的警察。,我們認(rèn)為成功總是屬于這些永不言敗的人。,我真的很喜歡我們?cè)跔敔?0歲生日時(shí)拍的這張照片。,她總是把車停在她很容易到達(dá)的房子旁邊。,