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八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 by厚德載物tan 模塊一語(yǔ)法 表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞 1．表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞也可稱為感官動(dòng)詞，主要有l(wèi)ook (看起來(lái)), smell (聞起來(lái)), sound (聽起來(lái)), taste (嘗起來(lái)), feel (感覺/摸起來(lái))。 2．感官動(dòng)詞屬于連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。例如： He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)累了。 These flowers smell sweet. 這些花聞起來(lái)香 Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的聲音聽起來(lái)優(yōu)美。 The cake tastes delicious .蛋糕嘗起來(lái)美味。 I felt guilty. 我感到內(nèi)疚。 3．感官動(dòng)詞后可接介詞like, like后可接名詞或v.ing形式。例如： That boat looks like a duck. 那條船看起來(lái)像一只鴨子。 It smells like being burnt.它聞起來(lái)像燒焦了一樣 4．含有感官動(dòng)詞的句子，其否定句和一般疑問句要借助助動(dòng)詞完成。例如： He looks worried. 他看起來(lái)憂愁。 →He doesn't look worried他看起來(lái)并不憂愁。 →Does he look worried?他看起來(lái)憂愁嗎？ Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇 (　　)1. The cake ________ delicious. I can't wait to eat it. A．feels B．sounds C．becomes D．smells (　　)2.Apples of this kind ________． A．tastes good B．tastes well C．taste good D．taste well (　　)3.[2015?濰坊]The new sweater I bought for my grandma ________ soft. She likes it very much. A．looks B．smells C．tastes D．feels (　　)4. —Oh, I'm hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? —No. It tastes________． A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well (　　)5.—The cake looks ________. —Yes, and it tastes even ________. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best (　　)6.[2015?鎮(zhèn)江]—ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. —It ________ amazing. It's my first time to get to know the news A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．tastes (　　)7.Oh, it________so nice. What beautiful music it is! A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks (　　)8.—Dinner is ready. Help yourself! —Wow! It ________ delicious. You are really good at cooking. A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels (　　)9.—Let's go on a picnic this weekend, OK? —That sounds________. A．great B．well C．hardly D．terribly (　　)10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell ________. A．good B．well C．bad D．badly (　　)11.—Do you like swimming in winter? —Of course. The water ________ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy. A．tastes B．feels C．smells D．looks (　　)12.Mum is making dinner. It ________ so nice! A．smells B．tastes C．feels D．sounds (　　)13.Good medicine for health ________ bitter to the mouth. A．feel B．tastes C．feels D．taste (　　)14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ________ nice. A．feels B．smeels C．looks D．tastes (　　)15.—Do you know the song Gangnam Style? —Of course. It ________ interesting. A． tastes B．smells C．sounds D．feels Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子 1．我的毛衣摸起來(lái)柔軟。 My sweater ____________． Feels soft 2．聚會(huì)聽起來(lái)太吵了。 The party ____________________． Sounds noisy 3．你媽媽看上去很年輕。 Your mother ______________________． Looks young 4．湯嘗起來(lái)咸了。 The soup ___________________． Tastes salty 5．它聞起來(lái)新鮮嗎？ _______ it _______________？ Does smell fresh 6．他看上去像一位專家。 He ___________ an expert. Looks like 7．這食物嘗起來(lái)怎樣？ ________ ________ the food ________？How does taste 8．這個(gè)主意聽起來(lái)有趣嗎？ ________ the idea ________ interesting? Does sound 9．你叔叔長(zhǎng)什么樣？ ________ ________ your uncle ________ ________？ What does look like 10．他當(dāng)眾講話對(duì)并不緊張。 He ________ ________ ________．when he speaks in public. Doesn’t look nervous Ⅲ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The cloud ________ (look) like a horse. looks 2．The coat _______ (feel) very soft. So she bought it at once. felt 3．The weather ______________ (get) warmer and warmer these days. Is getting 4．The man ______ (seem) to be very angry. seems 5．That idea ________ (sound) very great. Sounds 6．The baby panda looks very ________(love). lovely 7．Don't eat the fish. It smells ________(badly)．bad 8．The background music sounds ________(noise). Please turn it down. noisy 9．—What do you think of the milk? —Oh, it ________( taste ) good. tastes 10．I felt ________(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time! Relaxed 模塊二語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(一) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在以前某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為或曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情對(duì)目前有某種影響；還可以表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的事情?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。其用法主要有 1．當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用“has＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。例如： He has finished his homework. 他已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。 2．動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化形式主要有以下幾種：大部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式相同，但也有許多不規(guī)則變化，需要特別記憶。例如：see—saw—seen, be—was/were—been, come—came—come, go—went—gone, take—took—taken等。 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式為haven’t/hasn’t+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，其一般疑問句形式是把have/has 提到句首，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞不變化。 例如： I have seen this film. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。 I haven't seen this film. 我沒看過(guò)這部電影。 —Have you seen this film? 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？ —Yes, I have./No, I haven't. 是的，我看過(guò)。/不，我沒看過(guò)。 He has been to Beijing. 他去過(guò)北京。 He hasn't been to Beijing. 他沒去過(guò)北京。 —Has he been to Beijing？ 他去過(guò)北京嗎？ —Yes, he has./No, he hasn't. 是的，他去過(guò)。/不，他沒去過(guò)。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 (　　)1.[2014?赤峰]—The storybook is very interesting. —I agree with you. I________ it twice already. A．read B．will read C．a(chǎn)m reading D．have read (　　)2.—Hasn't Betty come yet? —No, and I________ for her for nearly two hours. A．wait B．waited C．have waited D．had waited (　　)3.—Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? —The film 3D Titanic? I________ it. It's really wonderful. A．see B．have seen C．was seeing D．has seen (　　)4.—Have you ever been to Beijing? —________. I went there last year. A．Yes, I did B．Yes, I have C. No, I havent D．No, never (　　)5.—Where is your father? —He ________ Dalian. A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to (　　)6.[2014?廣州]Miss Brown, we ________ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A．finish B．finishing C．a(chǎn)re finished D．have finished Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Mum, can I watch TV now? I ___________ (finish) my homework. Have finished 2．The boys ___________ (not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them. Haven’t read 3．—______ you _______ (hear) from your pen pal recently? Have heard —Yes, I have. I ______ (get) a letter from him yesterday. got 4．—_______ you ever ________ (eat) the pizza? —No, I haven't. Have eaten 5．—_____ you _______(call) your mum yet? —Yes, I _____. Have called has I called (call) her last night. 6．—Has Jack visited (visit) his grandparents? —Not yet. 7．—Have your parents ever _been (be) abroad? —Yes, just once. 8．Who has seen (see) the film before? Ⅲ.按要求完成下列各題 1．My parents have gone to England．(對(duì)畫線部分提問) Where have your parents gone? 2．—Would you like some more food? —No, thanks. I have had enough.(完成句子) 3．Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) — Has_ Daming climbed_Mount Tai before? — No_， he hasn’t． 4．He has waited for her for_2_hours．(對(duì)畫線部分提問) How long has he waited for her? 5．Jane came to China two years ago. (改為同義句) Jane has been _ in China for two years. 模塊三語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(二) 1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還可以用來(lái)表示“剛剛做完某事；已經(jīng)做完某事”等，此時(shí)經(jīng)常用just, already和yet來(lái)表示，其中， just 表示“剛剛”； already 表示“已經(jīng)”，一般置于have/has 之后；just和already都用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑問句中則可用yet，表示“還未”。例如： I have just heard the news. 我剛剛聽到消息。 Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航員已經(jīng)去過(guò)月球了。 I haven't been to Beijing yet.我還沒有去過(guò)北京。 注意： just, already和yet在句中的位置： I have just heard from my son. 我剛剛收到兒子的來(lái)信。 I've already bought the book. 我已經(jīng)買了這本書。 He hasn't cleaned the house yet. 他還沒有打掃屋子。 2．在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，要注意have been to和have gone to的區(qū)別，前者表示“去過(guò)某地”，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了；后者表示“去了某地”，現(xiàn)在還沒回來(lái)。 例如： The spacecraft has gone into space. It won't return. 宇宙飛船已經(jīng)進(jìn)入太空，不會(huì)回來(lái)了。 I have been to Mount Tai twice. 我去過(guò)泰山兩次了。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空　　 (　　)1.[2014?北京]He ________ in this factory for 20 years already. A．will work B．works C．has worked D．is working (　　)2.[2015?銅仁]—Where is your mother? —She ________ Guiyang. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．went to [答案] A　句意：“你的母親在哪里？”“她去貴陽(yáng)了?！北硎尽叭ツ车貨]回來(lái)”用have gone to；表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來(lái)”用have been to。根據(jù)問句可知“媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來(lái)。故選A。[答案] A　句意：“你的母親在哪里？”“她去貴陽(yáng)了?！北硎尽叭ツ车貨]回來(lái)”用have gone to；表示“去某地已經(jīng)回來(lái)”用have been to。根據(jù)問句可知“媽媽”現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話的地方，即去某地還沒有回來(lái)。故選A。 (　　)3.—Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? —No, I ________ our guidebook and towels yet. A．don't pack B．didn't pack C．have packed D．haven't packed (　　)4.My cousin ________ Sydney for half a year. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has come to D. has been in (　　)5. Aunt Wang is not here now. She has ________ to Shanghai and will stay there for several months. A. got B. come C. been D. gone (　　)6.—Have you finished your work ________？ —Yes, I've ________ finished it. A．a(chǎn)lready; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．a(chǎn)lready; already (　　)7.[2015?常德] I only started taking French classes last week and I ________ 50 French words already. A．learned B．learn C．have learned (　　)8.My mother ________ the dinner already. A．cooking B．cooked C．has cooked D．cook (　　)9.[2014?黔東南]—________ you ever________ to Xijiang? —Yes, I ________ there last year. A．Have; gone; went B．Have; been; have been C．Have; been; went D．Have; gone; have gone (　　)10.—Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers' office? —Maybe he________ his work yet. A．doesn't finish B．hasn't finished C．haven't finished D．don't finished Ⅱ.用already, just, yet, never或ever填空 1．—Has Li Ming received the invitation _yet_? —No, he hasn't got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it. 2．—Have you read any books on Mars? —No, I have never read a single word about Mars. 3．—Have people been to Mars? —No, we have never been there. 4．The astronaut has just gone back to the earth. 5．The spaceship hasn't sent any information back to us yet． Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子 1．我剛到這兒，還不認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)人。 I have just arrived/got here and I haven't known several people yet ． 2．我還沒有問他。 I haven’t asked him yet . 3．邁克剛剛做完了作業(yè)。 Mike has just done/finished his homework 4．她現(xiàn)在不在這里，她去廣州了。 She isn't here now. She has gone to Guangzhou. 5．我的弟弟已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。 My brother has seen_ the movie already. 6．“你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)巴黎嗎？” “是的，我去過(guò)那兒兩次?！? —Have you ever been to Paris? —Yes, I have been there twice. 7．這本書我可以借多久？ How long can I keep the book? 8．雖然這本書他已經(jīng)讀了三遍了，但是他希望再讀一遍。 Though he_has read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time. 9．“你想念你的哥哥嗎？” “是的，非常想念，我3個(gè)月沒有收到他的來(lái)信了?！? —Do you miss_ your brother? —Yes, very much. I haven’t heard from him for three months. 10．2015?佛山至今，145個(gè)國(guó)家參加了2015意大利米蘭世博會(huì)。 So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy. Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各題 1．I have already finished my homework.(改為否定句) I haven’t finished my homework _yet ． 2．He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答) —Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese? —Yes, he has ． 3．She wrote a letter to her cousin. (用just改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)) She has_ just written a letter to her cousin. 4．Tony isn't at home. He went to Hong Kong. (合并為一句) Tony has gone to Hong Kong. 5．I came here two days ago. (改為同義句) I _have been here for two days. 6．Lucy has been to Beijing several times. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) How many times has Lucy been to Beijing? 模塊四語(yǔ)法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(三) 1．如果要表達(dá)某一行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。這時(shí)，句子通常要與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，這類狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since來(lái)引導(dǎo)。需要注意的是， for _后面接一段時(shí)間，而 since 后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子，即 for_ 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間。例如： I have lived in Hebei for ten years. 我在河北已經(jīng)住了十年。 He has been in this school since 2000. 自從2000年起，他就在這所學(xué)校了。 My sister has learnt English since she was four. 我姐姐從4歲起就開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 2．如果要對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問，通常要用 how long。例如： —How long have you studied English? 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ —For four years. 四年了。 —How long has he taught here? 他在這兒教書多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ —Since five years ago.自從五年前。 3．在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，短暫性動(dòng)詞一般不能與時(shí)間段連用，但在 否定句 中，則一般可以和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have stayed in the hotel for a week. 我已經(jīng)在這家賓館待了一周了。 My parents haven't seen me for two years. 我父母有兩年沒見我了。 He hasn't come to school for a week. 他一周沒來(lái)上學(xué)了。 [注意] 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但如果要保留表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如下 21 / 21 (1)fall asleep→be asleep (2)begin/start→be on (3)buy→have (4)die→be dead (5)come→be in (6)arrive→be here (7)join→be in/be a member of (8)finish/end→be over (9)leave→be away (10)borrow→keep (11)begin to study→study (12)come back→be back 4．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還經(jīng)常用于“It's the first/second…time that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： It's the first time that I have visited here. 這是我第一次參觀這里。 It will be the third time that you have seen the film with me. 這將是你第三次和我一起看電影。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.—Look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A．kept B．have kept C．have bought D．bought (　　)2.[2015?昆明]—Long time no see! —Oh! It________ five years since we met last time. A．was B．were C．has been D．have been [解析] C　考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：“很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒見了！”“自從上次我們見面五年了?！眘ince是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，前面主語(yǔ)是it，故用has been，選C (　　)3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green________ us English since three years ago. A．has taught B．is teaching C．taught D．teaches (　　)4.—We've lived here ________ 1980. —So you've lived here ________ more than 30 years. A．since; for B．for; since C．for; for D．in; since [解析] A　1980是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用since; more than 30 years是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，要用for。故選A。 (　　)5.[2014?安徽]Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture ________ he came to China. A．before B．when C．until D．since [解析]D　考查連詞的用法。句意：Rick已經(jīng)學(xué)了許多中國(guó)文化 ________他來(lái)到中國(guó)。before意為“在……之前”；when意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”；until意為“直到”；since意為“自從”。since引導(dǎo)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 (　　)6.—________ have you learned Chinese? —For 3 years. A．How often B．How much C．How long D．How soon [解析] C　由答語(yǔ)“For 3 years.”可知，上句是問“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，故選C。 (　　)7.Mr Green ________ from his home town for 3 years. A．has been away B．has gone C．has left D．has come [解析] A　句中“for 3 years”是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，因此要與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，故選A。 (　　)8.2015?烏魯木齊Mr Brown________his home town since he________the army. A．has left; joined B．has been away from; has joined C．has been away from; joined D．left; joined [解析] C　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的辨析。since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。leave是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能和一段時(shí)間連用。be away from是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以和一段時(shí)間連用。所以選擇答案C。 (　　)9.He ________ for ten years. A．has been married B．married C．got married D．has married (　　)10.—How long has Robert ________？ —Since 2004. A．been to Beijing B．become a policeman C．joined the art club D．studied in this school Ⅱ.用for和since填空 1．She has worked here ________ 2014. Since 2．We have known each other ________ six years. For 3．He has learnt about 1，000 English words ________ he went to college. since 4．I have known him ________ two years ago. since 5．She has been away ________ about four years. for 6．He has been a league member ________ two years. For 7．I have studied English ________ 2009. since 8．Mr Brown has been in Shanghai ________ about two weeks. For 9．It's three years ________ the old man died. since 10．The film has been on ________ about ten minutes when we arrieved at the cinema. For Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子 1．他已經(jīng)等他朋友兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。 He has waited for his friend for two hours. 2．他已經(jīng)好多年不看書了。 He hasn’t read books for years. 3．她畢業(yè)后就一直在從事護(hù)士工作。 She has worked_ as a nurse since her graduation. 4．你父母結(jié)婚多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ How long have your parents been married? 5．他買這輛紅色小汽車兩年了。 He has had the red car for two years. 模塊五語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分 到目前為止，我們已學(xué)過(guò)用多種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)描述行為或狀態(tài)。本模塊重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。下面我們以一種行為或狀態(tài)為例，來(lái)區(qū)分一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)： 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常用 動(dòng)詞原形 表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加s或es，be和have有特殊的人稱形式(am, is, are; has)。 1．表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如： I often go to school on foot. 我經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。 2．表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或科學(xué)道理。例如： The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 3．用于含有時(shí)間的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： If it rains/is rainy tomorrow, we won't go to the cinema. 如果明天下雨，我們就不去看電影了。 4．標(biāo)志詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，every day, once a week等。 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用規(guī)則或不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示；be動(dòng)詞第一、三人稱單數(shù)用_was，其余人稱用were；動(dòng)詞have一律用had。 1．表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如： She was born in 1999.她出生于1999年。 2．表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 她在上海時(shí)，經(jīng)常來(lái)看我。 3．標(biāo)志詞：just now，ago，yesterday，in the past, last week, the other day等。 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has＋_動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 1．表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。例如： I have got a letter from my aunt.我已經(jīng)收到了我姑姑的一封來(lái)信。 2．表示從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： I have studied English for two years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)兩年英語(yǔ)了。 3．標(biāo)志詞： already, yet, just, never, ever, so far, “for＋時(shí)間段”， “since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等。 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.—Do you know the boy over there? —Sure. I________ him for years. A．knew B．will know C．have known D．known (　　)2.[2014?南京]—When will Uncle Sam come to see us? —He'll visit us this weekend. He ________ me that by email. A．told B．is told C．will tell D．was going to tell [解析] A　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“薩姆叔叔什么時(shí)候來(lái)看我們？”“他將在這個(gè)周末來(lái)看我們，通過(guò)電子郵件他告訴了我?！庇烧Z(yǔ)境可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。 (　　)3. —Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; will stay in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has stayed to (　　)4.—Are you a soccer player in your school? —Yes, I ________ the team two years ago and I________ in the team for two years. A． have joined; have been B．was joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been [解析] D　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?！皌wo years ago”是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，故第一空用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；“for two years”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，故第二空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 (　　)5.[2015?濰坊]Next month we're going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday________. A．will begin B．has begun C．begins D．is beginning [解析] C　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。as soon as表示“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句用的是將來(lái)時(shí)，as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選C。 (　　)6.My grandmother ________ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else. A．lived B．lives C．was living D．will live (　　)7.I know a little about Thailand, as I ________ there three years ago. A．have been B．have gone C．will go D．went [解析] D　“three years ago”是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。故選D。 (　　)8.Everyone knows that the sun________ in the east. A．rised B．rises C．raised D．raises (　　)9.—Mike, why are you watching TV again? —I ________ my homework. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished (　　)10.Tony ________ foodball every weekend when he was young. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played (　　)8.Everyone knows that the sun________ in the east. A．rised B．rises C．raised D．raises (　　)9.—Mike, why are you watching TV again? —I ________ my homework. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished (　　)10.Tony ________ foodball every weekend when he was young. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．—Do you know the Englishman? —Yes. Ihave known_(know)him for two years. 2．Her grandpa died (die) when she was 20. 3．[2015?濰坊]He hasn’t come (not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him? 4．—How many schools hasProject Hope built (build) since 1989? —Sorry, I don't know. 5．So far I _have been (be) to many places in China. 模塊六語(yǔ)法 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型 英語(yǔ)是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型語(yǔ)言，以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為核心構(gòu)成句型。 一、常見的六種基本句型： 1．主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(＋狀語(yǔ))． 此句型中，系動(dòng)詞除了be動(dòng)詞外，常見的還有l(wèi)ook(看起來(lái)), sound(聽起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), feel(感覺；摸起來(lái)), smell(聞起來(lái)), become (變得), turn(變得), get(變得)等，系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。例如： Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起來(lái)很漂亮。 The days get shorter and shorter. 白天變得越來(lái)越短了。 In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，樹變綠了。 2．主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)[＋狀語(yǔ)(副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等)]． 此句型中的動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，這種動(dòng)詞稱為不及物動(dòng)詞。例如： His father cooks every day. 他父親每天做飯。 The children are listening quietly. 孩子們?cè)陟o靜地聽著。 He ran fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飛快。 The meeting begins at nine. 會(huì)議9點(diǎn)開始。 3．主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語(yǔ)(＋狀語(yǔ))． 此句型中的動(dòng)詞可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，這種動(dòng)詞稱為及物動(dòng)詞。例如： He didn't like the film. 他不喜歡這部電影。 She often helps him. 她經(jīng)常幫助他。 I have already finished reading the book. 我已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。 4．主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(＋狀語(yǔ))． 此句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(雙賓語(yǔ))，即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)。通常情況下，間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后。有時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)也可與介詞to或for構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，放在直接賓語(yǔ)的后面。