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第45講　書面表達 (2016，蘭州) 同學們，初中生活即將結束。本次考試后，盼望已久的假期就要到來！請你根據(jù)以下提示，制訂出度假計劃。可以結合自己的實際發(fā)揮。 寫作內容：1.和家長/同學一起旅游，享受大自然的美景，放松心情；2.參加志愿者活動，幫家長做家務；3.讀自己喜歡的書。4.遠離有危險的地方。 寫作要求：1.80詞左右，開頭部分已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)； 2．內容合理；要點齊全；句子及篇章結構正確、連貫，書寫規(guī)范； 3．不得出現(xiàn)校名和自己的姓名等個人信息。 My junior high school years are coming to an end.The summer holiday is on the way.Here are my plans for the long exciting holidays. First of all，Id like to travel with my parents or friends to relax myself.I will enjoy the beauty of the nature.After that，I will take possible chances to be a volunteer to do something helpful to people.At home，I will help my parents to do some housework that I can do.At the same time，I will read the books that I am interested in，and get ready for further study in senior high school.No matter what I do and where I go，I will get away from the places that are not safe. In short，Im looking forward to spending a happy summer holiday. 書面表達題主要考查學生在特定的語境中綜合運用語言進行表達的能力；同時，還考查學生英文書寫的規(guī)范性、美觀性等。 一、常見的書面表達題型 1．根據(jù)文體歸類：日記、書信、通知、便條、啟事、賀卡、發(fā)言稿、調查報告、記敘文、說明文及議論文等。然而許多試題都將記敘、議論、說明等表達方式融為一體，形成復合型的寫作。 2．根據(jù)所提供的材料形式歸類：圖畫作文、圖表作文、提綱作文及命題作文等。這樣的測試形式既有一定的控制性，又有一定的開放性，為考生展示其寫作能力提供了發(fā)揮的空間。 二、如何寫出優(yōu)美的文章 1．選準詞語。 ①語言是交流的工具。要使用通用的、合乎習慣的詞語，切忌使用生僻的詞匯。 ②選詞要達意，英語中有許多同義但用法不同的詞匯或短語，切忌混淆用法。 ③用詞要簡明扼要，在不確定的情況下，寧可用常用詞簡單明了地表達信息。 2．寫好句子。 ①運用所學詞匯、短語，結合一定的語法知識，按照句子的結構特點，直接用英語寫出相應的句子。 ②運用固定句式表達信息，把比較復雜的句子分成兩個或兩個以上的簡單句子，減少寫錯句的幾率。 ③把兩個簡單句用一個復合句或較復雜的簡單句表達出來，這樣可提高文章的可讀性，但在沒有把握的情況下慎用。 ④遇見生詞或不熟悉的表達時，可以在保持原意的基礎上，用不同的表達方式寫出來。 3．設計段落。 一個完整的段落要有主題句、拓展句及結尾句。正確運用連接詞使語言銜接自然、行文流暢。 4．書寫規(guī)范、卷面整潔。 三、如何提升寫作 1．熟悉五種基本句式及一些使用頻率較高的句式。 2．收集優(yōu)秀范文并大聲朗讀來擴展思路及培養(yǎng)語感。 3．堅持常規(guī)練習。即：詞——詞組——句子——段落——篇章。切記：簡單句是主菜，要做到運用自如；復雜句是佐料，有之增色，缺之乏味，但不可舍本逐末，以免弄巧成拙。 4．仔細審題，要點齊全，人稱及時態(tài)運用正確。 【例1】 假設你和朋友將在今年暑假參加以“擁抱大自然”為主題的戶外拓展夏令營，其中包括小組自由活動。請你為你們小組設計一個活動方案。(2016，襄陽模擬) 提示詞語：climb mountains；go fishing；pick fruits；have a campfire (篝火晚會) 要求：1.寫明你們組計劃要做的具體活動，并給出理由； 2．提示詞語僅供參考，可增減內容； 3．詞數(shù)80～100。開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 4．文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名與地名。 We are going for a camp this summer.Im glad to make a plan for our group.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 解析：第一步：認真仔細地閱讀提示，思考所提供的信息，計劃文章大致內容。第二步：根據(jù)信息要求遣詞造句，連句成文。第三步：通讀全文，糾正錯誤，書寫整潔。要涵蓋的寫作要點有：1.具體的活動要豐富多彩；2.寫出安排這些活動的理由。 注意：此文是計劃打算，應用將來時態(tài)。切忌寫成流水賬。 【參考范文】 We_are_going_for_a_camp_this_summer.Im_glad_to_make_a_plan_for_our_group. First of all，we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.After that，well have a fruitpicking competition between boys and girls，which will help us know each other better.Whats more，there will be a campfire.We can enjoy ourselves by singing，dancing and telling stories.Wont it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends? We are looking forward to the summer camp because we can forget the busy work at school，and I believe well have a wonderful time together. 精彩再現(xiàn)： ①文章內容完整，敘述清楚，要點一目了然。 ②使用了first of all，after that，whats more表順序的副詞來使文章條理更清晰，更流暢。 ③經(jīng)典句型：?we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.?Wont it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends？?I believe well have a wonderful time together. 【例2】 由于父母的溺愛，現(xiàn)在許多孩子基本不做學習以外的事情，導致獨立生活能力不強。請你根據(jù)下面表格中的內容，按要求用英語寫一篇短文，談談作為中學生，我們應該如何培養(yǎng)自己的獨立性。 Ways Things we can do begin with our own things clean our own rooms，... help with housework cook，... learn actively learn by ourselves，... think about things by ourselves ... 要求：1.語句通順，意思連貫，語法正確，書寫規(guī)范； 2．必須包括表格中所有內容，并做適當發(fā)揮； 3．行文中不得出現(xiàn)真實人名、校名或地名； 4．詞數(shù)70左右。(短文的開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)) 注意：須把已給出的短文開頭和結尾抄到答題卡的相應位置。 As middle school students，its very important for us to be independent.What should we do to make us independent？First，________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ I think if we keep on doing these，well become more and more independent. 解析：第一步：認真閱讀題目要求，仔細觀察表格中的內容。第二步：根據(jù)提示內容，把握好文章的中心，適當發(fā)揮。選用合適的表順序的副詞使文章條理清晰。第三步：通讀全文，檢查要點是否遺漏，糾正錯誤，書寫要整潔。 注意：表達培養(yǎng)獨立性的方法時，多用祈使句；描述可以做的事情時，可用到can，should，need等情態(tài)動詞；寫作時，時態(tài)應用一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱采用第一人稱，給出的要點不能遺漏，并且注意詞數(shù)要求。 【參考范文】 As_middle_school_students，its_very_important_for_us_to_be_independent.What_should_we_do_to_make_us_independent？First，lets begin with our own things.Its our job to clean our own rooms and make our beds.Second，help with housework.We can help cook or clean the house in our free time.Doing housework teaches us how to look after ourselves.Third，learn actively.We should learn by ourselves and finish our homework on time.Finally，think about things by ourselves.We sometimes need to make plans or decisions alone.Dont always depend on others. I_think_if_we_keep_on_doing_these，well_become_more_and_more_independent. 精彩再現(xiàn)： ①整篇文章結構完整，內容詳盡，要點明確。 ②層次清晰。先表明自己的觀點，后用first，second，third，finally等表順序的副詞把觀點一一陳列，清楚明了，條理分明。 ③經(jīng)典句型：?Its our job to...?Doing housework teaches us how to look after ourselves.?Dont always depend on others. (2015，蘭州) 同學們，在剛才的閱讀中我們了解到一些有關西方飲食文化的有趣知識?，F(xiàn)在某國外旅游雜志向你約稿，請你以When_in_China,_do_as_the_Chinese_do！為題寫一篇文章，向西方讀者介紹我們中國的飲食文化。以下是此雜志社發(fā)來的稿件要求，請仔細閱讀，完成寫作。 ☆Length (詞數(shù)) : About 80 words. ☆Content (內容): Please try to answer at least 4 of these questions from our readers. ☆Are meals in China the same as meals in the West? ☆What time are lunch and dinner served in China? ☆How to eat food? ☆How to behave politely while eating with the old? ☆How do we know that a meal is over in China? ☆Is it a good idea to talk about food during a meal? ☆Will there be just three courses or more in China? 要求：內容合理；要點齊全；句子及篇章結構準確、連貫；書寫規(guī)范。 When in China，do as the Chinese do! As we know，Chinese eating culture is different from that in the west.The meals we eat in China are not the same as the meals in the west.We often have lunch at about 12 oclock and have dinner at about 6：00 pm or later.In China，we eat meals with chopsticks and spoons instead of the knives and forks in the west.Talking about food during a meal is a good idea.If there is an old man with us while eating，we should invite him to sit down on the most important seat at first.Its also polite to offer him the best food.Whats more，Chinese have a saying about eating habit “Eat nice things for breakfast，eat a big meal for lunch，but eat less at dinner.”Dont you think so?