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專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) ,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì) 考綱要求 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 考查點(diǎn) 年份 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置 分值 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2014 43 treats/treated/is__treated/was treated 1分 一般過去時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2016 38 praises/praised/is praised/was__praised(一般過去時(shí)) 1分 2015 38 moves/moved/is moved/was__moved 1分 2013 39 invites/is invited/was__invited/has invited 1分 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2012 44 will save/was saved/have saved/will__be__saved 1分 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為河北中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近3年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示，需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為9—13。 預(yù)測(cè)2017年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。 ,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 1．動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類 英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者) 2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國(guó)制造的。 一般 過去時(shí) was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall＋ be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ be＋done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (1)圖示 (2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)。 (3)變換步驟： ①將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。 注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。 ②將動(dòng)詞改為“be＋過去分詞”。 注意：be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會(huì)了 。 ③將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by…放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。 注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。 【方法突破】 分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng)，并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，可從以下角度入手分析： 判斷句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 讀懂句意，確定主語(yǔ)，判斷主語(yǔ)表示人還是物，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)，需根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出：若為主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)說(shuō)，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做出正確選擇。 確定句子的時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。 4．常見主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) (1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。 (2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽見那女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。 (3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。 5．不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況 (1)連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。 (2)有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。 (3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。 【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 ( C )1.(2016張家口升學(xué)一模)The guide dog，Dan，________ as their close family member for the blind couple all the time. A．treats B．is treating C．is treated D．was treated ( D )2.(2016石家莊橋西區(qū)中考模擬)—What happened to Billy? —He ________ because of his drinkdriving. A．caught B．has caught C．is caught D．was caught ( B )3.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)中考模擬)The sweet girl ________ another chance to go on a trip. A．is given B．will be given C．gives D．gave ( C )4.(2016九年級(jí)路北區(qū)一模)—Do you think teenagers ________ to make their own decisions? —No，I dont agree with you.Theyre too young to do that. A．encourage B．a(chǎn)re encouraging C．a(chǎn)re encouraged D．were encouraged ( D )5.(2016河北升學(xué)三模)I need one more stamp before my collection ________． A．was completed B．is being completes C．has been completed D．is completed ( B )6.(2016路北區(qū)九年級(jí)二模)—Many beautiful flowers ________ around our school every year. —Yes，________ beautiful our school looks! A．a(chǎn)re planted；what B．a(chǎn)re planted；how C．were planted；what D．were planted；how ( B )7.(2016邯鄲升學(xué)二模)Wed better learn English well.It ________ in many countries around the world. A．speaks B．is spoken C．was spoken D．spoke ( C )8.(2016石家莊18縣市聯(lián)考)Im glad to find that many trees ________ in our city last year. A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．a(chǎn)re planted ( B )9.(2016石家莊42中模擬)—Dont forget to come to our school assembly(集會(huì))． —I wont.I ________ just now. A．told B．was told C．spoke D．was spoken ( C )10.(2016海港區(qū)升學(xué)一模)—Mom，can I play computer games for a while? —Unless your homework ________，you can. A．finishes B．finished C．is finished D．has finished ( C )11.(2016河北升學(xué)二模)Rainforests ________ down so fast that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A．cut B．a(chǎn)re cutting C．a(chǎn)re cut D．were cut ( D )12.(2016河北升學(xué)一模)The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A．holds B．has held C．was held D．will be held ,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練 ( D )1.(2016北京中考)A new road ________ near my school next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built ( D )2.(2016天津中考)Paper ________ first ________ about 2 000 years ago in China. A．is；creating B．is；created C．has；created D．was；created ( C )3.(2016重慶中考)Students do less homework now.Usually it ________ before 9 oclock in the evening. A．finishes B．finished C．is finished D．was finished ( B )4.(2016河南中考)We are going to take the highspeed train to Xian tomorrow，so an early arrival at the station ________． A．a(chǎn)dvises B．is advised C．is advising D．was advised ( D )5.(2016河北中考)Emily is glad that she ________ for her honesty at that meeting. A．praises B．praised C．is praised D．was praised ( C )6.(2016廈門中考改編)—These days，teenagers often have to do what they ________ to. —Its not good for their independence.They need to think on their own. A．tell B．a(chǎn)re telling C．a(chǎn)re told D．is told ( C )7.(2016陜西中考)Football ________ to our school subjects last year. A．is added B．a(chǎn)dds C．was added D．a(chǎn)dded ( D )8.(2016江西中考)I plan to build an unusual house.It ________ out of old things. A．is built B．has built C．was built D．will be built ( D )9.(2016淮安中考)—Aunt Li，who is the pretty girl in red in the picture? —Its my daughter.The picture ________ 10 years ago. A．took B．is taken C．has taken D．was taken ( D )10.(2016廣東中考)He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited ( C )11.(2016福州中考改編)—When is the 31st Olympic Games? —It ________ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in August，2016. A．held B．is held C．will be held D．was held ( D )12.(2016南京中考)Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre ________ in September this year. A．completes B．is completed C．will complete D．will be completed ( C )13.(2016菏澤中考改編)When you go abroad，youll find that so many products in local shops ________ in China. A．make B．have made C．a(chǎn)re made D．were made ( A )14.(2016黃岡中考)—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him? —No problem！I think he ________ to think twice beofre starting. A．should be told B．can tell C．should tell D．can be telling ( B )15.(2016黃石中考)—Why does the earth look blue in space? —Because most of the earths surface______ by the ocean. A．covers B．is covered C．cover D．a(chǎn)re covered ( C )16.(2016孝感中考)—Whats the meaning of the activity “Lets Save”？ —Paper shouldnt ________ in everyday life. A．waste B．wasted C．be wasted D．is wasted ( C )17.(2016隨州中考)—Waiter，Id like some Ningbo Dumplings. —Sorry，sir.Ningbo Dumplings ________ only for lunch and dinner. A．serve B．served C．a(chǎn)re served D．a(chǎn)re serving