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Unit 5 Grammar,Ellipsis,為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù), 我們要怎樣做呢? 本單元我們將接觸一種新的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,省略,為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：,Grammar – Ellipsis (省略）,1) (You) Come in, please. 2) (I) See you tomorrow. 3) (I) Thank you for your help. 4) (I) Beg your pardon.,簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略,1. 省略主語(yǔ): 祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略;其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。,1) (It) Sounds a good idea. 2) (Will you) Have a smoke? 3) (Would you like) Something to drink? 4) (You come) This way, please.,2. 省略主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分,可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部; 可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式, 只保留to,但如果該賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài),則須在to后加上be或have。,3. 省略賓語(yǔ),1) ---Do you know Miss Hu? ---I don’t know (her). 2) Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch). 3) ---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I want to be (a teacher). 4) ---He hasn’t finished the task. ---Well, he ought to have (finish it).,---Are you thirsty? ---Yes, I am (thirsty). 2) His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).,4. 省略表語(yǔ),1) --- Are you feeling better now? --- (I’m feeling) Better (now). 2) --- When did you read the novel? --- (I read it) Long ago. 3) Let’s meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday.,5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分,兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分．,1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. 2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).,并列句中的省略,1) (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. 2) (It’s a) Pity that you missed such a good chance.,主從復(fù)合句中的省略,1. 主句中有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略,They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).,The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).,2. 省略從句中與主句相同的部分,3. 主句與從句各有一些成分被省略,1. 連詞的that省略,(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略that, 但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ) 從句并列時(shí), 通常只省略第一個(gè)that,He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.,(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中that在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略,The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.,其他省略,2. 在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或者從句主語(yǔ)為it，且從句謂語(yǔ)部分有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可省去“主語(yǔ)+be”部分,1 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night. 2 As (he was) a child, he lived in India. 3 If (you are) asked you may come in. 4 Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.,3. 不定式符號(hào)to的省略,(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓 補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。 I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it. (3)介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do, 后面不定式不 帶to。 The boy did nothing but play.,(4) 某些使役動(dòng)詞（let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.,(5) 主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語(yǔ)的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。 What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest.,4.條件從句中有should, were或had時(shí),可以省略if,但要將should, were或had提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.,,,,,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,,,,,Now it’s your turn to find out what have been left out.,1. Haven’t seen you for ages. 2. Some more tea? 3. Sounds like a good idea.,I haven’t seen you for ages.,Would you like some more tea?,That/It sounds like a good idea.,It doesn’t matter.,I’m sorry to hear that.,4. Doesn’t matter. 5. Sorry to hear that.,6. Pity you couldn’t come 7. This way, please.,It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.,Step / Come this way, please.,8. Terrible weather! 9. Joining us for a drink? 10. Going to the supermarket?,What terrible weather it is!,Are you joining us for a drink?,Are you going to the supermarket?,Choose the best answers.,,1)----Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -----I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have _____ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to,2)----Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? ----Yes. It’ll be fine if you______. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 3)---- Aren’t you the manager? ---- No, and I______ A. don’t want to B. don’t want to be C. don’t want be D. don’t want,4)---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ---Not at all. ______. A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to 5)---- Won’t you have another try? ---- ________. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I won’t have C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will,6)-----I won’t do it any more. -----_______? A. Why not B. Why don’t do any more C. Why not do D. Why don’t,7)----Do you think it will snow tomorrow? ----______. A.I don’t think B. No, I don’t think C. I don’t think so D. No, I don’t so 8)----Have you fed the cat? ----No, but______. A. I’m B. I am C. I’m just going D. I’m just going to,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,