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Unit 2 The Unit ed Kingdom (P283) Ⅰ. .閱讀理解 A very rapid increase in the number of ships sailing between American and European ports began almost immediately after the end of the War of 1812 in order to meet the new need for the regular rapid transportation of mail, light cargoes(貨物), and passengers. It was the increase in emigration(移民) to America that for the first time made the carrying of passengers across the Atlantic more profitable than the transportation of heavy cargoes. A new type of sailing ship, the packet(郵船), appeared to meet this new demand, and the demand very soon resulted in strong competition among several packet lines. The earliest of these was the Black Ball Line set up in New York in 1816, only a year after the end of the war. The service of this famous line started with four of the new fast packets, each of 400 to 500 tons: the Pacific, the Amity, the James Cooper, and the William Thompson. During the first twenty years of service, the average time from New York to Liverpool was 23 days and the average trip back to New York took 40 days. By the middle of the century packets had increased in size to between 900 and 1, 000 tons and their speed had increased. The Red Jackel once sailed from New York to Liverpool in 13 days, 11.5 hours. The Mary Whiteridge took 4.5 hours off this record on a run from Baltimore to Liverpool. Such speeds were far greater than the average of from 19 to 21 days to Liverpool and from 30 to 35 homeward to New York, but the packets had still set a new standard for transoceanic travel. No wonder that steamships, the first of which tried to compete with the packets in 1838, only began to replace them in the 1850s. 1.The fastest transatlantic voyage by a packet mentioned by the author was from______. A.Liverpool to New York B.New York to Liverpool C.Baltimore to Liverpool D.Liverpool to Baltimore 2.According to the author, in which decade of the 19th century did a steamship first attempt to compete with the transatlantic packets? A.The 1820s. B.The 1850s. C.The 1840s. D.The 1830s. 3.Which of the following was the most important in the development of the fast packets? A.The increase in the number of people who wanted to go to America. B.The increase in the number of people who wanted to go to Europe after the War of 1812. C.The increased demand for the transportation of all kinds of cargoes. D.The increased volume of mail. 4.The time of the fastest transatlantic crossing mentioned by the author was 13 days and____. A.11.5 hours B.7 hours C.7.5 hours D.4.5 hours Can’t get out of the office? Try these tips for a healthier, less stressful workday. l 5_________ For upper-body strength: stand a yard or move away from your desk, with your feet together. Place your palms on the edge of the desk a shoulder’s width apart. Lower your chest to the edge of the desk, and push back up. Remember to breathe out on the way up. Do 20 times. l The little mermaid（美人魚）at work. Sit upright in your chair. Hold your right wrist over your head with your left hand and pull it, stretching your right side. Make sure to keep your shoulders down as you bend. Hold for 10 seconds. 6 _______Take hold of your left wrist over your head with your right hand and stretch the other way. Repeat five times on each side. l Shoulder spin. A good move for flexibility. Sit tall in your chair and reach your left hand behind your back, between your shoulder blades（肩胛骨），palm out. Then reach your right hand up toward the ceiling, bend it down, and try to touch your left hand.7______ Hold for 10 seconds. If not, grab onto your shirt and keep practicing. Switch arms and repeat. l The wooden leg. For lower-body strength: sit in your chair, extend one leg out straight in front of you and hold for two seconds. Then raise it up as high as you can, and hold it again for two seconds. 8_______ l The magic carpet ride. This works your core and arms. 9______ Then place your hands on the armrests, suck in your gut（內臟）and raise yourself a few inches above the seat, using your belly muscles and hands. Hold for 10 to 20 seconds. Rest for 30 seconds. Repeat five times. A.Repeat with each leg 15 times. B.Invisible chair sit. C.Desk push ups. D.If you can reach it, great! E.Sit in your chair, legs crossed and feet on the seat. F.Return to upright posture. G.Release and raise your arms toward the ceiling again. Ⅱ.完形填空 It must have been after two o’clock in the morning when the last guest took his leave. Though we had enjoyed their stay, my wife and I were quite 1 to shut the door on them. We 2 all the dirty dishes and glasses as they were, and after opening a few windows to let some 3 air in and the smell of food out, we climbed into bed and 4 asleep. I 5 have been asleep for more than half an hour 6 I awoke with a strong smell of smoke. 7 half asleep, I stepped into the living-room, and there, 8 heavy clouds of smoke, I saw one of our curtains was on fire. I should have 9 the windows then without delay, 10 instead I tried to beat out the fire with a folded newspaper11this failed, I hurried into the kitchen to 12 a bucket of water. At the same time, I shouted to Barbara, who 13 phoned to summon the fire brigade（消防隊）14 coming to help me. We had to work at top 15 carrying buckets of water from the kitchen to 16 the fire, fanned by the wind from the windows, 17 . We were unable to 18 out the fire, but we managed to 19 it under control until the arrival of the firemen. 20 , they arrived in no time, and they had little difficulty in putting out the fire. 1.A.nervous B.busy C.thankful D.free 2.A.laid B.left C.washed D.put 3.A.hot B.warm C.fresh D.cold 4.A.fell B.felt C.got D.went 5.A.must B.may C.couldn’t D.mustn’t 6.A.until B.after C.when D.as 7.A.Just B.Still C.Yet D.Only 8.A.through B.by C.from D.in 9.A.broken B.opened C.closed D.removed 10.A.and B.but C.so D.or 11.A.For B.When C.And D.If 12.A.bring B.find C.take D .carry 13.A.eagerly B.nervously C.hurriedly D.certainly 14.A.before B.for C.after D.when 15.A.manner B.guality C.means D.speed 16.A.beat B.conduct C.prevent D.make 17.A.rising B.burning C.lighting D.spreading 18.A.get B.put C.keep D.take 19.A.keep B.leave C.make D.hold 20.A.However B.Therefore C.Fortunately D.Especially Ⅲ.短文改錯 After school, I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin. He looked extremely weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy. So I decided to take him home. I gave him some food and a bath. After the bath he looked energy and refreshed. What a lovely dog! When my parents got home, I asked that I could keep the dog. To my surprised and joy, they agreed. Up to now, he has become member of our family and everyone had enjoyed his company. Looked at the cute, happy dog today, I realize that I was right to help him. I offered him a shelter but he has brought ourselves great happiness and laughter. 答案 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A 語篇導讀：1812年戰(zhàn)爭后，從歐洲去美國的人數(shù)大幅度增加，使得橫渡大西洋往返于歐美的航運額急劇上升。為滿足需求、贏得市場，郵船出現(xiàn)了并且航速也在不斷提高。 1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段第3句話“The Mary Whiteridge took 4.5 hours off this record on a run from Baltimore to Liverpool”可知答案選C項。 2.D細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段最后1句話中的“…the first of which tried to compete with the packets in 1838…”可知答案選D項。 3.A細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第 2 句話“It was the increase in emigration to America that…”可知答案選A項。 4.B細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“The Red Jackel once sailed from New York to Liverpool in 13 days, 11.5 hours. The Mary Whiteridge took 4.5 hours off this record on a run from Baltimore to Liverpool.”可得出結果。 B 語篇導讀：總是沒法走出辦公室嗎？這樣怎么保持健康、減少壓力？且聽作者良言忠告。 5.C本段主要告訴我們利用辦公桌做俯臥撐，因此C項正確。 6.F這一招叫小美人魚式，是訓練軀干力量和柔韌性的最好動作之一。在椅子上坐直，把右拳舉過頭頂，左手握住，使勁拉，向身體右側伸展，……保持10秒，還原?！瓘纳舷挛目?，是指導做這一動作的指令語。 7.D這一節(jié)講的是肩部拉伸訓練：……右手向上伸出，彎曲，試著夠左手。如果能夠著，……從上下文可以看出作者在指導拉伸動作，關鍵詞“reach,touch”可以幫助我們作出判斷。 8.A這一節(jié)是“木腿運動”，是訓練下半身的力量，上文講到抬腿伸展，這里選項說到：每條腿重復15次。選項中關鍵詞“l(fā)eg”與此處行文吻合。 9.E這套動作稱之為“坐魔毯”，即這個運動可以鍛煉你的軀干和手臂，交叉雙腿，盤坐在椅子上……該動作與文中“…above the seat”符合，表明是坐著的運動，選項中“…on the seat”是關鍵信息詞。 Ⅱ.完形填空 語篇導讀：本文是記敘文，講述了我和妻子在深夜救火的經過。 1.C畢竟客人走了之后“我們”可以放松一下，因此選C，“謝天謝地，客人總算走了”。 2.Bleave表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”，與下文構成完整結構，leave sth.as it is表示“聽之任之”。 3.C開窗當然是為了讓新鮮空氣進來，讓食物的氣味排放出去。 4.Afall asleep為固定短語，表示“睡著”。 5.C與下一空相搭配，表示“我睡了頂多不過半個鐘頭”，用否定句式，是have hardly/not done sth．when句式，而must 不用于否定句中表示判斷推測。 6.C與上一空相聯(lián)系，本句用了“hardly/not/just…when”句式表示“剛一/才……就”。until表示某一延續(xù)動作的截止時間，即動作延續(xù)的時間，不可用于此處。 7.B早上兩點才睡覺，睡了才半個小時，此時仍然睡眼朦朧。 8.Athrough指“從中間穿過”，透過滿屋煙霧，“我”看見是怎么回事。 9.C上文已提到“我”睡覺前將窗戶打開了，因此A、B不對，remove表示“挪開，拿走，去掉”，此處應該是“我本該把窗戶關上的”，下文（第16空所在句）提到窗外的風助火勢。 10.B根據上下文可知用but表轉折，“should have done sth., but…” 表示“本該……，可是……”。 11.B從上下文看，fail這個動作已經發(fā)生，因此用when不用if，用報紙滅火沒有用時，“我”就用其他辦法。 12.D“提一桶水”用carry，bring表示“帶來”，take表示“拿走”，find表示“找到”，均不符合上下文的含義，此處指提水救火，用carry表示拿著笨重物體。 13.C家里失火了要救火，當然迫在眉睫，用hurriedly才妥當。 14.A先打電話給消防隊再來幫“我”。 15.D將水從廚房運到房里滅火，與第12空一樣，用carry表示“運載”。 16.C與下一空前面的介詞from（被省略）構成搭配，表示“不讓火勢蔓延”，中間夾了過去分詞短語作定語。 17.D不讓火勢蔓延，與上文prevent構成搭配prevent （from） doing，與下文“…it under control”相呼應。 18.B“我們不能撲滅大火”，put out the fire表示“滅火”。 19.Abring/keep sth．under control表示“控制”。 20.C有了如此結果，應該算作“幸運地”了。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 After school, I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside lying the dustbin. He looked extremely weak. Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy. with So I decided to take him home. I gave him some food and a bath. After the bath he looked energy and refreshed. What a lovely dog! energetic When my parents got home, I asked that I could keep the dog. To my surprised if/whether surprise and joy, they agreed. Up to now, he has become ∧member of our family and everyone had a has enjoyed his company. Looked at the cute, happy dog today, I realize that I was right to help him. I offered him a Looking shelter but he has brought ourselves great happiness and laughter. us