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專(zhuān)題12 特殊句式 1. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 解析　考查倒裝句。句意：直到回來(lái)，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)安靜的小鎮(zhèn)生活對(duì)我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒裝。因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞realize，故要用助動(dòng)詞did并提到主語(yǔ)前面。 答案　did 2. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。句意：減少工業(yè)污染和凈化污水需要多年的工作。這里是固定句式It takes (sb)＋some time ＋to do sth做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，故要用動(dòng)詞不定式to reduce。 答案　to reduce 3.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well strong. 答案　as 4. The (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。句意：你越是努力擊敗他，就越可能被擊敗。此處為“the＋比較級(jí)＋主謂，the＋比較級(jí)＋主謂”的句型，表示“越……就越……”。 答案　harder 5. Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much too little. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。既不要太貴也不要太便宜。neither ...nor既不……也不……。 答案　nor 6.They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot potato. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。他們將和拿著熱土豆一樣痛苦和困難。此處是“as＋形容詞＋as”表示的同級(jí)比較句型。 答案　as 7.He loved the 4th wife the most.He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。他悉心照顧她，只給她最好的。nothing but只，僅僅。 答案　but 8. And Id like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks，like Americans? 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。我想知道為什么中國(guó)人用筷子，為什么不像美國(guó)人一樣用刀叉呢？固定表達(dá)why not...為什么不……呢？ 答案　Why 9. So long as we have some，thats enough.And we can learn to spend money. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。我們能學(xué)會(huì)如何花錢(qián)。learn后面跟的是“疑問(wèn)詞＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案　how 10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。有時(shí)候饑餓感是如此強(qiáng)烈以至于我都把土豆片當(dāng)作美味的點(diǎn)心。此處是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案　that 易錯(cuò)起源1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的正確運(yùn)用 例1．It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. A. which B. that C. where D. how 【答案】B 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意如下幾點(diǎn): 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ):It is tomorrow that will hold the meeting.(that不能換成when) It was on the sports ground that I found (that 不能換成where) 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)含有not...util...一結(jié)構(gòu)的句子時(shí)，要用 It is／was not until...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。that后的句子要 用肯定句，且須用陳述語(yǔ)序。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語(yǔ)從句句型(指 “It+be+adj.／n.+that從句”類(lèi)型)的異同點(diǎn):二者均有 It be ... that／who...之類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志。所不同的是: (1)含有主語(yǔ)從句的句子譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不可加上 “正是……”或“就是……”之類(lèi)的字眼，而強(qiáng)調(diào)則可以。 (2)含有主語(yǔ)從句的句子若刪掉 It be...that／who...則原句不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)意均不成立，而強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志仍然成立。如:It is ture that he once went to to Canada.(不可以去掉 It is及that，否則原句不成立) It was on December 11，典型例題at China became a member of WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立) 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 1.含有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:仔細(xì)分析出at或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可無(wú)(結(jié)合it be來(lái)分析)，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則是定語(yǔ)從句。如: It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smith that they finshed the experiment.(lab后的出at不可省略,因?yàn)槌鯽t引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作該句的主語(yǔ)。句中第二個(gè)，that才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志。) 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)用“do/does／did+動(dòng)詞原形”。如: He did come yesterday.他昨天的確來(lái)了。 易錯(cuò)起源2、倒裝句的正確運(yùn)用 例2．Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize 【答案】D 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 在下列情況下，句子要完全倒裝: 1.在there，here 引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)是be；exist 等表示狀態(tài)的詞。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom. There stands a building on；the top of the mountain 2.在語(yǔ)氣詞there，here開(kāi)頭的句子中，謂語(yǔ)是 come，be等。 如:There goes the bell!鈴響了! Here comes your husband.你丈夫來(lái)了。 There you go again你又來(lái)這一套。 3.由副詞now,then,thus 引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)是 come,begin,be 如: Now comes your turn. Thus ended the meeting. 4.在 in, out up, over, back等作狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 come, go, rush, run等的句子里。 如:Up and up the prices Off went the horses 5.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前，謂語(yǔ)是 be ,stand,lie 的句子中 如:In front of the door stood a boy. On the ground lay a sick dog. A. 在疑問(wèn)句里。 Do you have an English class every day? What did the two cheats pretend to be doing? 在特殊疑問(wèn)句里，如果疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)，則不用倒裝。 Who is in the next room?誰(shuí)在隔壁房間？ What makes you so angry? 什么使你這么生氣？ B.在以so 開(kāi)頭表示“也一樣”，和以nor或neither開(kāi)關(guān)表示“也不一樣”的句子里。 I get up at seven and so does my brother. He didn’t do it and neither did I. C.在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely , rarely, nowhere, by no means, hot until, hardly (scarcely)... when ,no sooner... than 等否定或半否定意義的詞位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子里。 Never before have I met him.我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他。 Seldom did the boy icad newspapers.這個(gè)孩子以前很少讀報(bào)。 Little do I dream of seeing wonderful seenery.我夢(mèng)想不到會(huì)看到這樣神奇的景色。 Not until midnight did it stop raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。 Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一進(jìn)屋就開(kāi)始下雨了。 No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok.他們一進(jìn)工廠就開(kāi)始工作。 易錯(cuò)起源3、反意疑問(wèn)句的用法 例3．— I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay._____ you? A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t 【答案】C 【解析】本題考察的反義疑問(wèn)句中比較特殊的一種“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的反義疑問(wèn)句。當(dāng)主句中“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”后面有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，就對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)反問(wèn)；如果句子沒(méi)有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，就對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的助動(dòng)詞have/has提問(wèn)。句意：—去年夏天，我在倫敦兩個(gè)星期?！阍谀抢锏臅r(shí)候，一定去了大英博物館吧，是吧？本句中有了during your stay你在那里的時(shí)候，這是一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指去年在那里的時(shí)間。所以對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)提問(wèn)，句中是動(dòng)詞visit，所以使用didn’t。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 使用反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意下列問(wèn)題： 1.陳述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用肯定形式(但不包括帶有否定意義的前后綴的詞，如dislike，unfair等)。 2.陳述句和附加問(wèn)句的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情況： (1)used to(過(guò)去常常)—usedn’t (或didn’t)； (2)have(擁有)—haven’t(或don’t)；have(進(jìn)行某-動(dòng)作)—don’t; have(構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài))—haven’t;have to(不得不)—don’t； (3)ought to(應(yīng)該)—oughtn’t； (4)must(必須)—mustn’t must(必要)— needn’t； must be(表示猜測(cè))—be；must have done (對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的事情推測(cè))—don’t；must have done(對(duì)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè))—haven’t;must not(表示禁止)—may。 3.陳述句的主語(yǔ)為名詞或代詞時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)為相應(yīng)的人稱(chēng)代詞；陳述句的主語(yǔ)為指示代詞 this、that、不定代詞nothing、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)為小陳述句主語(yǔ)為指示代詞 these、those、不定代詞nobody、everbody、somebody等時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句用they. 4.陳述部分若為“I／We don’t think(believe imagine，suppose，expect．．．) + 賓語(yǔ)從句”時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致，且用肯定式。但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)不是 I／We時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成同普通的反意疑問(wèn)句。 5.含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反意疑問(wèn)句中，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)代詞永遠(yuǎn)是it.如: It was last year that you graduated, wasn’t it? 易錯(cuò)起源4、省略句的用法 例4．________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 【答案】D 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 在英語(yǔ)中，下列情況下一般可以用省略: A.祈使句一般省略主語(yǔ) (You) Don’t touch this knob.請(qǐng)不要隨便碰這個(gè)把手 (You) Come in,please! 請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái) (You) Be quiet !安靜 B. 某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)省略謂語(yǔ) She gets up earlier than I ( get up) every day.她每天起床比我早。 ( Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想見(jiàn)什么人嗎? I like music and he (likes) sports. 我喜歡音樂(lè)，他喜歡體育。 C.部分問(wèn)句常省略主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ) Why not?為什么不呢? Why?為什么? Right? 對(duì)嗎? What? 什么? Anything you want?你想要什么? D. 疑問(wèn)句省略回答 —Are these your friends? 這些人是你的朋友嗎? —Yes ,they are (my friends). 是的，他們是。 E.并列的不定式可以省略后面一個(gè)不定式的to 如: The book is intend to be read and not(to be) torn. 這本書(shū)是供人讀的而不是供人撕毀的 F.賓語(yǔ)從句中常用so，not或其他來(lái)代替賓從句 如:①—Do you think she is a singer? —Yes, I think so. ②—Shall I have a test next week? —I hope not. 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 1.定語(yǔ)從句的省略 The car (which)you told about is here .你說(shuō)過(guò)的那輛汽車(chē)在這里。 Do you know the man(who is)speaking to you?你認(rèn)識(shí)和你講話的那個(gè)人嗎? The people(who)you were talking to are Japanese.你與之談話的那些人是日本人。 2.狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 在When，while，if,as if，though，as，whether等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)有be，而主語(yǔ)又跟主句的主語(yǔ)相同或是it時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和be常常省略。 When(I was)in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本，我拍了許多漂亮的照片。 You should notes when (it is)necessary.必要時(shí)你應(yīng)該記筆記。 1． Kate，run a bit faster，______you can catch up with all of your classmates. A．so B.and C.but D．or 解析　考查并列連詞。祈使句＋and/or＋一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：凱特，再跑快一點(diǎn)兒，你就能夠趕上你所有的同學(xué)了。and表順承關(guān)系，而or表否則，由此可知 B項(xiàng)。 答案　B 2．________，so he didnt come to school last week. A．Though he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill D．He was ill 答案　D 3． He had to sell his luxury car，________his company was in debt. A．before B.until C.while D.for 解析　考查并列句的用法。句意：他不得不賣(mài)掉自己的豪華車(chē)，因?yàn)樗墓矩?fù)債了。A(從屬連詞)在……之前；B(從屬連詞)直到；C(從屬連詞)當(dāng)……時(shí)，盡管，(并列連詞)然而；D(并列連詞)因?yàn)?，?duì)前一分句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。此題前一分句說(shuō)“他不得不賣(mài)掉自己的豪華車(chē)”，“后一分句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明他賣(mài)車(chē)的原因是他的公司負(fù)債”，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案　D 4．________for his action on the playing field ，but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field. A．Not he is only known B．Not only is he known C．Only is he known not D．He is only not known 解析　考查倒裝句。句意：他不僅因?yàn)樵谇驁?chǎng)的行動(dòng)著名，還因?yàn)樵谇驁?chǎng)以外的事情著名?？芍渲惺褂昧薾ot only...but also 連接兩個(gè)句子。not only 位于句首時(shí)，not only 部分的主謂要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案　B 5．Relax yourself every day，________youll be too tired to get good grades. A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．for D．but 解析　考查并列句的用法。本題中含有特殊句式：祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句＝If引導(dǎo)的條件句＋主句。這個(gè)句型進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換成：名詞短語(yǔ)＋連詞＋陳述句。如果原句中的連詞是and，那么可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)肯定的條件句；如果原句中的連詞是or，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)否定的祈使句。本句相當(dāng)于：If you dont relax yourself every day，youll be too tired to get good grades.故選B項(xiàng)。 答案　B 6. Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor the way they appear to be，________the way they actually are. A．a(chǎn)s B．or C．but D．a(chǎn)nd 答案　C 7．No sooner ________at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters. A．has the star arrived B．the star has arrived C．the star had arrived D．had the star arrived 解析　考查特殊句式中的倒裝。no sooner...than...一……就……，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，no sooner放句首，用部分倒裝，排除B、C；根據(jù)was可知，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，排除A。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案　D 8． ________，Guo Mingyi makes his effort to help those in poverty. A．Not rich although he is B．In spite of not rich C．Though not rich D．As he is not rich 解析　考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：雖然不富有，但是郭明義努力幫助那些貧窮的人。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在although不能用于倒裝句，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在in spite of后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在as表示讓步含義，需要用倒裝句，C項(xiàng)是省略的表達(dá)，完整的是though he is not rich，主從句的主語(yǔ)一致的時(shí)候，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，選C項(xiàng)。 答案　C 9．The door opened and there________. A．entering our English teacher B．entered our English teacher C．did our English teacher enter D．our English teacher entered 答案　B 10． Not until he failed in the last examination ________he should have spent more time on study. A．did he realize B．he realized C．did he not realize D．he didnt realize 解析　考查倒裝句。句意：直到他在最后一次考試中失利，他才意識(shí)到他應(yīng)該在學(xué)習(xí)上多花些時(shí)間。not until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，后面的主句用部分倒裝，前面是not until，后面是肯定句，選A項(xiàng)。 答案　A 11. No.And thats not all.The bus was one hour late.Worse ，it picked up passengers on the way to our destination. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。worse still更糟糕的是。 答案　still 12. Its unnecessary and its not important at all.We neednt care about it.It is ones inner beauty matters. 解析　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。重要的是內(nèi)在美。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is/was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who ＋其他。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)ones inner beauty。 答案　that 13. Yes，but it is not as easy you imagine. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。not as...as 與……不一樣。 答案　as 14. Chopsticks may be made of any of the following materials：bamboo，wood，gold，silver，ivory，or plastic，and they may be round or square. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)?！鼈兛赡苁菆A形的也可能是方形的。either...or...或者……或者……。 答案　either 15. Radio has changed a lot since we were young.It used be the major source of fun for the family. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事 。收音機(jī)過(guò)去是家庭獲得樂(lè)趣的主要方式，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是了。 答案　to 16. Tom：Yes.I think the underground is the most convenient way to travel in London. Mary：I think ，too. 答案　so 17. Smoking not only does harm to their health to others. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。抽煙不僅對(duì)自己的健康也對(duì)別人的健康有害。not only...but (also)...不僅……，而且……。 答案　but (also) 18.Caroline：I think it was interesting.Joyce： do I.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes in the exams this year. 答案　So 19. To be honest，I really cant understand how people depend on that way to make friends.Its kind of risky. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。我不理解人們?cè)趺匆揽窟@種方式來(lái)交朋友。how come為什么，怎么會(huì)……(那樣)。 答案　come 20. As far as I (concern)，my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese－English dictionary within easy reach. 解析　考查固定表達(dá)。as far as ... be concerned就……而言，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則可知要用am concerned。 答案　am concerned