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課時07 完形填空（一）-考法歸納 　 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Warm weather brought by El Nio has had mixed effects on animals in usually snowy places in North America， including New England， according to an Associated Press article. Some animals seem to benefit from having a chance to gather more food before winter， and from expending less energy in daily survival mode. Others， like snowshoe hares， are put at center stage in predators(捕食者) view when they lack snow for disguising their white fur—not a good thing for them， of course. Black bears， on the other hand have been keeping busy gathering nuts and apples， when they would normally have settled into their winter homes by now. Vermont and Massachusetts officials have asked residents to wait till snow falls to take out their bird feeders for the sake of safety， the article said. “We suggest waiting for 6 or more inches of snow that lasts before taking out your bird feeders， especially if you have been visited in the past by bears or if there are sightings of bears in your neighborhood，” Forrest Hammond， Vermont Fish and Wildlifes bear biologist said in the article. “Due to lack of snow and frozen ground， birds are able to seek food in fields and forests for their natural foods.” Snow amounts can also determine how comfortable bears are and how quickly they consume their accumulated fat during hibernation(冬眠)， noted Hammond in the article. This is because snow covers and traps them in their winter homes， and also hides them from predators. [語篇解讀]　隨著冬季降雪，很多動物進(jìn)入冬眠期。但是，由于受厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的影響，北美一些地區(qū)降雪量減少，使得一些動物無法正常冬眠。 1.What may upset snowshoe hares because of El Nio？ A.Their being caught more easily. B.Their failing to gather more food. C.Their consuming more energy. D.Their losing sight of their enemies. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第二段的“Others，like snowshoe hares， are put at center stage in predators(捕食者) view when they lack snow for disguising their white fur”可知，沒有足夠的雪來偽裝白靴兔白色的皮毛，這使得它們很容易被捕食者發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，因為厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，它們更容易被捕捉到了。 答案：A 2.Why did the officials ask people to keep bird feeders until snow falls？ A.They may disturb bears. B.Theres no need to do so. C.To avoid attracting bears. D.For the safety of bears. 解析：考查推理判斷。第三段開頭提到往年這個時候，黑熊通常都已經(jīng)待在冬眠的窩里了，但現(xiàn)在它們卻忙著收集堅果和蘋果，再根據(jù)“Vermont and Massachusetts officials have asked residents to wait till snow falls to take out their bird feeders for the sake of safety”可知，暫時不把喂鳥器拿出來是為了不招來熊。故選C項。 答案：C 3.What do the bear biologists words imply？ A.A heavy snow is on the way. B.Bears are common nowadays. C.Bears live mainly on birds in winter. D.Warm weather benefits birds in winter. 解析：考查推理判斷。依據(jù)第四段的尾句“Due to lack of snow and frozen ground，birds are able to seek food in fields and forests for their natural foods”可知，由于缺乏雪和凍土，鳥類可以在田野和森林中覓食，因此暖冬對鳥的生存有利，故選D項。 答案：D 4.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage？ A.Warm Weather Helps Animals Survive B.Snow Amounts Determine Animals Winter Life C.Measures Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife D.Lack of Snow Affects North American Animals 解析：考查主旨要義。作者在首段中先提出氣候變暖對北美動物有影響，下文以白靴兔和黑熊為例進(jìn)行具體說明，因此D項作文章標(biāo)題最佳。 答案：D B People at risk of a heart attack or stroke could benefit from bloodpressurelowering drugs even if their blood pressure is considered in the normal， healthy range. If such drugs were offered to people with cardiac(心臟的) risks regardless of their blood pressure at the beginning of treatment it could save millions of lives， researchers in Oxford University found. For the study， the team analyzed more than 120 medical trials including around 600，000 people conducted over two decades， saying their findings are a call for an urgent review of existing blood pressure treatment guidelines. “Our findings clearly show that treating blood pressure to a lower level could greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease， if widely conducted，” said study lead author Kazem Rahimi. High blood pressure has long been identified as a factor in higher risks of heart disease and strokes， and makes more than a billion people around the globe in torment—including one out of three U.S. adults. Blood pressure is recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) as two numbers in a ratio： “systolic” pressure inside the arteries(動脈) when the heart beats as the top number， and “diastolic(舒張的)” pressure between heartbeats， as the heart rests and is refilled with blood. “Normal” blood pressure is considered at 120/80 or below， and is considered “high” at 140/90 or above， according to the American Heart Association. The researchers said their study showed that for every reduction in systolic pressure of 10 mmHg， the risk of heart attacks was reduced by a fifth and that of a stroke around a quarter. Some experts said they thought the studys findings were important but did offer some warnings. “One important warning is that not everyone will be able to tolerate having their blood pressure reduced to low levels， and there is a need to balance possible drug side effects and likely benefits，” Smeeth said. [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。牛津大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在血壓正常的情況下，使用降血壓的藥物也有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的概率。 5.What do the findings indicate？ A.Normal blood pressure doesnt mean a healthy body. B.The existing blood pressure treatment is useless. C.High blood pressure is the first health killer. D.High blood pressure causes many diseases. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，牛津大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在血壓正常的情況下，有心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險的人們也能從降血壓的藥物中獲益。如果這種藥物在治療的一開始就用在可能患心臟病的人身上而不考慮他們的血壓，這可能會挽救數(shù)百萬生命。也就是說，一個人即使血壓正常，也不見得身體就健康。 答案：A 6.What does the underlined word “torment” (in Paragraph 3) mean？ A.Tolerance.　　　　　　　 B.Debt. C.Pain. D.Despair. 解析：考查詞義猜測。第三段提到“High blood pressure has long been identified as a factor in higher risks of heart disease and strokes”，高血壓一直被視為患心臟病和中風(fēng)概率高的一個因素，緊接著說“makes more than a billion people around the globe in torment”，根據(jù)語境和常識可知，這里應(yīng)指“讓全球超過十億的人受苦”，故pain與torment意思相近。 誤解分析：D項干擾性很大，學(xué)生會認(rèn)為高血壓應(yīng)該讓人絕望，顯然這樣的表述過于嚴(yán)重了，高血壓跟絕癥不同，高血壓很普遍，患高血壓的人非常多，不至于讓人絕望。 答案：C 7.What is the function of Paragraph 4？ A.To teach how to measure blood pressure. B.To compare high and normal blood pressure. C.To explain the factor in heart attacks and strokes. D.To show some diseases are related to blood pressure. 解析：考查推理判斷。作者在第四段的前半部分解釋了正常血壓和高血壓的測量數(shù)據(jù)，并且解釋了在測量血壓時的專業(yè)術(shù)語：收縮壓和舒張壓，后面談到收縮壓降低10毫米汞柱，心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險會降低五分之一，中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險會降低四分之一左右。由此可知，作者寫第四段是為了更好地解釋血壓和某些疾病之間的關(guān)系，故選D項。 答案：D 8.What can be inferred from Smeeths words？ A.He thought less of the findings. B.Reducing blood pressure isnt safe for everyone. C.Most experts disagree with the findings. D.Drug side effects are bigger than benefits. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“the studys findings were important but did offer some warnings”“One important warning is that not everyone will be able to tolerate having their blood pressure reduced to low levels”可知，Smeeth認(rèn)為這項研究的結(jié)果固然重要，但是也發(fā)出了警告，并不是人人都能忍受把血壓降低的，即降低血壓并非對每一個人來說都是安全的，故選B項。 答案：B Ⅱ.完形填空 When I began high school， I wasnt the most confident kid. I didnt believe I could __1__ college. I did well at school and took part in many afterschool activities. I was able to __2__ many leadership roles there. Many teens __3__ that age went through things during their high school years， and I wasnt an __4__. My teachers guided me through so many __5__ things and made sure I always stayed __6__. The time to apply to a university came and I didnt have any __7__. They encouraged me to get a degree. Because they saw __8__ in me， they encouraged me to try. But I didnt think that I was __9__ enough to attend a fouryear university. While I studied in DePauw University， I __10__ culture shock. When I came home for a break， I would go and visit my __11__. They were always willing to listen and provide me with a space to __12__ my experiences with them. They always gave me the best advice that they __13__. Perhaps they didnt realize it， but by providing me with a space to tell about my experiences， they were __14__ me. Every word of encouragement helped me. I knew that they believed in me， and I didnt want to __15__ them down. If it hadnt been for them， I wouldnt have __16__ from DePauw University. While in high school， they offered me so much __17__ in my study， but they guided me more in my personal life. Their advice has __18__ an important part in shaping who I am today. They believed in me so much that I __19__ to believe in myself. It is because of teachers like them __20__ students gain confidence. [語篇解讀]　本文是記敘文。我上中學(xué)時，缺乏自信。但在老師的鼓勵和幫助下，我不斷進(jìn)步，最終上了大學(xué)并獲得了大學(xué)文憑，我由衷地感激我的老師。 1.A.visit B.build C.take D.attend 解析：考查搭配關(guān)系及語境。根據(jù)上下文和第二段中的關(guān)鍵信息“to attend a fouryear university”可知，此處該填入動詞attend。 答案：D 2.A.take up B.take down C.come out D.come up 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。此處表示我能從事(take up)一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作。故選A。 答案：A 3.A.on B.for C.at D.in 解析：考查介詞的用法。根據(jù)語境可知，此處為固定搭配at that age“在那個年齡”。 答案：C 4.A.expert B.educator C.exception D.example 解析：考查語境理解。此處表示許多那個年齡的青少年都經(jīng)歷了各種各樣的事，我也不例外。所以用exception。 答案：C 5.A.intelligent B.interesting C.diligent D.difficult 解析：考查語境理解。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示老師指導(dǎo)我克服很多困難，故應(yīng)用difficult(困難的，艱難的)。 答案：D 6.A.mysterious B.positive C.innocent D.honored 解析：考查語境理解。結(jié)合下文中的“Every word of encouragement helped me.I knew that they believed in me”和四個選項可知，此處表示老師指導(dǎo)我克服困難，并確保我總是積極樂觀的，故用positive。 答案：B 7.A.confidence B.prejudice C.expression D.opinion 解析：考查語境理解。結(jié)合上文中的“I wasnt the most confident kid”以及下文中的“They encouraged me to get a degree.”可知，此處表示我對申請大學(xué)沒有信心。故選A。 答案：A 8.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 解析：考查語境理解。我對自己沒有信心，但老師卻鼓勵我申請大學(xué)，這是因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)我身上有某種特質(zhì)。故選B，something表示“想來重要(或值得注意)的事物”。 答案：B 9.A.foolish B.passive C.smart D.common 解析：考查語境理解。此處表示我認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明，難以上完四年大學(xué)。故用形容詞smart。 答案：C 10.A.earned B.established C.evaluated D.experienced 解析：考查上下文提示。由下文中的“provide me with a space to __12__ my experiences with them”可知，此處應(yīng)用experience(經(jīng)歷)。 答案：D 11.A.parents B.teachers C.colleagues D.classmates 解析：考查上下文提示。由上文可知，在我對自己沒信心的時候，是老師鼓勵了我，再結(jié)合下文中他們對我的幫助可知，此處應(yīng)選B，即當(dāng)我回家休息的時候，我會去拜訪我的老師。 答案：B 12.A.talk about B.care about C.bring about D.set about 解析：考查上下文暗示。由下文中的“providing me with a space to tell about my experiences”可知，此處應(yīng)選A。 答案：A 13.A.must B.should C.dared D.could 解析：考查語境理解。由上文的“gave me the best advice”可知，此處表示他們總是盡可能地給出最好的建議。故用情態(tài)動詞could。 答案：D 14.A.rescuing B.helping C.training D.demanding 解析：考查上下文暗示。根據(jù)下文的關(guān)鍵信息“Every word of encouragement helped me.”可知，此處表示也許他們沒有意識到，但通過給我提供時間讓我講述我的經(jīng)歷，他們在幫助我。故選B。 答案：B 15.A.run B.take C.put D.let 解析：考查語境理解。老師們一直在幫助我，鼓勵我，所以我不想讓他們失望。故D項符合語境。let sb.down表示“使某人失望”。 答案：D 16.A.come B.escaped C.graduated D.separated 解析：考查語境理解。此處表示要不是他們，我難以畢業(yè)。graduate from表示“從……畢業(yè)”。 答案：C 17.A.guidance B.complaint C.reference D.consideration 解析：考查上下文提示。由下文中的“but they guided me more in my personal life”中的guided可知選A。 答案：A 18.A.made B.set C.mixed D.played 解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配play an important part in表示“在……中起重要作用”。故選D。 答案：D 19.A.started B.wanted C.tried D.expected 解析：考查語境選詞。我本來對自己沒信心，但“They believed in me so much”，所以我開始相信自己了。故用動詞started。 答案：A 20.A.who B.which C.when D.that 解析：考查固定句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他”，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是“because of teachers like them”，故用that。 答案：D