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課時04 閱讀理解-主旨大意題 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Jeremy Kerr， a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada， and his colleagues analyzed more than 400，000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010. When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations， they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place. What it results in is obvious. Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years， with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe. Previously， attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss， pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites (寄生蟲). But the work by Kerrs team found something different. “For every species， there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all，” says Kerr. This shift has also been observed in other species， such as butterflies. But due to a new cause—the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use， a change in land use or parasites， bumblebees—unlike butterflies—have failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them， so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly， the latest study led by Kerrs team finds. “Our data suggest that the new factor plays a leading， or perhaps the leading， role in this trend，” says Kerr. “This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it. It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the nottoodistant future，” says Dave Goulson， a bee researcher at the University of Sussex， Brighton， UK. Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear. Kerrs team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇科普說明文。根據(jù)科學(xué)家的觀察與研究，大黃蜂越來越難以適應(yīng)全球變暖，它們的數(shù)量正在銳減，居住地也收縮了。 1.What does the move of the bees southern limits lead to？ A.The birth of new bee species. B.The rise of the bees population. C.The evolution of the bees. D.The reduction of the bees habitat. 解析：考查推理判斷。由第一段中的“many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place”可知，大黃蜂棲息地的南邊的界限向北移動了，而北邊的界限保持不變，這樣的結(jié)果就是大黃蜂的棲息地變小了。 答案：D 2.Whats the new cause of bee populations declining according to Kerr？ A.Habitat loss. B.Pesticide use. C.Climate change. D.The spread of bee parasites. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。第三段中提到“But due to a new cause—the rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use，a change in land use or parasites，bumblebees—unlike butterflies—have failed to extend... led by Kerrs team finds”，故Kerr的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)的導(dǎo)致大黃蜂數(shù)量減少的新的原因是氣候變化。 答案：C 3.Which statement may Goulson agree with？ A.Relocating bumblebees isnt much good. B.The findings of Kerrs study are doubtful. C.The future of bumblebees is still promising. D.Knowing bumblebees living habits is the most urgent. 解析：考查推理判斷。由最后一段中的“Kerrs team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available”可知，Kerr的團隊暗示，遷移大黃蜂的聚居地可能是一個解決辦法，但是Goulson說因為這種昆蟲具有流動性，因此如果北方有可用的合適的棲息地，它們就能向北方移動。也就是說Goulson對遷移大黃蜂這個方法是不贊成的。 答案：A 4.What kind of writing is this passage？ A.A book review. B.An announcement. C.A scientific report. D.An official report. 解析：考查推理判斷。本文是科普說明文，介紹了大黃蜂數(shù)量減少的現(xiàn)象及原因，應(yīng)該屬于科研報告。故選C項。 答案：C B (2016高考四川卷)If you could have one superpower， what would it be？ Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds， see through walls， or have superhuman strength may sound silly， but it actually gets to the heart of what_really_matters_in_your_life. Every day in our work， we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess： the power to make a difference in the lives of others. Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework， playing sports， making friends， seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or， if you can， contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do， dont be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when youre older. But why not start now？ Our own experience working together on health， development， and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇議論文。作者告訴我們，在我們周圍有一些人每天都在激勵著我們，這不是因為他們有超能力，而是他們通過做出色的事情，使這個世界變得更美好。因此，我們要做的就是花點時間和精力去幫助別人，這也會對我們的生活產(chǎn)生重大的影響。 5.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to？ A.Your life style. B.Your life value. C.Your trouble in life. D.Your life experience. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容“夢想著你會讀心術(shù)，能洞穿墻壁，或者有超人的力量，這或許聽起來很愚蠢，但事實上，這卻是你內(nèi)心深處認為人生最重要的東西”可知，畫線部分的意思是“你人生中真正重要的東西”，即：你的人生價值，故B項正確。 答案：B 6.Why does the author say they are inspired every day？ A.They possess different kinds of superpowers. B.They have got the power to change the world. C.Some people around them are making the world better. D.There are many powerful people in their life and work. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段信息...we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(……我們被我們遇到的、做事出色而美化世界的人激勵著)以及第四段They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess：the power to make a difference in the lives of others.(他們有著我們每個人都擁有的另一種超能力——在別人的生活中產(chǎn)生重大影響的能力)可知，作者每天都受到激勵，不是因為他們有各種超能力，不是因為他們有改變世界的力量，也不是因為在他們的生活和工作中有許多權(quán)力強大的人，而是因為他們周圍有一些人能對別人的生活產(chǎn)生影響，使這個世界變得更好，故排除A、B、D項。 答案：C 7.What does the author stress in Paragraph 5？ A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause. B.Rising above self and acting to help others. C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity. D.Trying your best to help the poor. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段的信息But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.以及Whatever you do，dont be a bystander. Get involved.可知，作者在這一段強調(diào)：花點時間和精力去做點超越自我的事情。不管做什么，都不要只做個旁觀者，要參與其中。要提升自我，行動起來幫助別人。故B項正確。 答案：B 8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B.Much more progress will be made in the near future. C.The work on health is the most valuable experience. D.Peoples efforts have been materially rewarded. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的信息It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.可知，作者認為努力就有回報，最窮的人在以后會改善生活，故A項正確。本段提到過去20年間我們的經(jīng)歷是我們生活中最有意義的一部分，沒提到“在不久的將來還會取得更多進步”，排除B項；本段提到了關(guān)于health，development和energy的經(jīng)歷是最有意義的，但并不是說“有關(guān)健康的工作是最有價值的經(jīng)歷”，排除C項；本段沒有說“人們的努力已得到了物質(zhì)上的回報”，排除D項。 答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空 Id got a chance to work for two weeks at BBC Radio Leeds. I was shocked for __1__ a long time. I couldnt believe it. It was months since Id __2__ my application letter. Id __3__ that I was one of the __4__ applicants applying for work experience. A few days later， I walked around the building for the first time， totally with __5__. It wasnt the beautiful studios but the news team that __6__ me most. Before my BBC placement (實習(xí)工作)， Id worked __7__ at a local commercial radio. Things there were always in a mess. This was absolutely not the __8__ here. The highlight of my two weeks there is that feeling of __9__ that the whole team unites and devotes their __10__. All that hard work was worth it： you had __11__ listeners， insightful(有見解的) interviewees， and all this added to the __12__ of the show. Sure， there were tough moments but if you __13__ then itll all work out in the end. I __14__ plenty of actual work. Researching topics， booking guests， and meeting guests were all things I spent a lot of time doing， but that __15__ is not definitely complete and I also __16__ a lead story for the breakfast show， too. Im going back to study the final year of my broadcast journalism degree at the University of Leeds soon， but in my mind therell be that __17__ of unemployment. Obviously my __18__ career is dependent on what opportunities will be in store for me， but __19__ theres one thing Ive learnt， its this： I want to work somewhere with a team of people as friendly and fantastic as the __20__ at BBC Radio Leeds. [語篇解讀]　這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講述了自己在BBC實習(xí)的經(jīng)歷及感受。 1.A.just　　　　　　　　　　 B.yet C.even D.never 解析：根據(jù)空前的“shocked”和下文內(nèi)容可知，作者甚至(even)很長一段時間都處在震驚之中。 答案：C 2.A.submitted B.subscribed C.mentioned D.polished 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示自作者提交申請信已經(jīng)數(shù)月的時間了。submit“呈交，遞交”符合語境。 答案：A 3.A.assumed B.remembered C.confirmed D.admitted 解析：依據(jù)上文的“I couldnt believe it”可知，此處指作者認為自己是未被錄用的不幸的申請人之一。assume“假定，認為”符合語境。 答案：A 4.A.excellent B.fortunate C.unlucky D.available 解析：參見上題解析。 答案：C 5.A.confidence B.respect C.concern D.hesitation 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者第一次環(huán)繞著(該公司的)大樓散步時心中充滿了敬意。 答案：B 6.A.satisfied B.troubled C.impressed D.moved 解析：根據(jù)前文中的“It wasnt the beautiful studios but the news team that”和后文的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示最讓作者印象深刻(impressed)的并不是美麗的演播室而是新聞團隊。 答案：C 7.A.faithfully B.steadily C.formally D.temporarily 解析：在此之前，作者曾經(jīng)短暫地(temporarily)在一個當?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)廣播電臺工作過。 答案：D 8.A.standard B.method C.case D.rule 解析：依據(jù)前面的“Things there were always in a mess”和下文作者對BBC團隊的肯定可知，在BBC，情況絕對不是這樣的。not the case是一個固定表達，表示“情況不是這樣的”。 答案：C 9.A.pride B.challenge C.adventure D.freedom 解析：依據(jù)句中的“The highlight of my two weeks”可知，此處是作者對這里的員工的贊譽，故選pride。 答案：A 10.A.efforts B.values C.personalities D.lives 解析：根據(jù)語境及前文的“unites and devotes their”可知，此處指整個團隊團結(jié)努力。effort“努力”符合語境。 答案：A 11.A.stable B.enthusiastic C.talented D.humorous 解析：根據(jù)后文中的“insightful(有見解的) interviewees”可知，此處表示有熱情的聽眾和有見解的受訪者。 答案：B 12.A.creativity B.diversity C.popularity D.security 解析：所有這些使這個節(jié)目很受歡迎。popularity“流行，受歡迎”符合語境。 答案：C 13.A.promise B.adapt C.succeed D.persist 解析：上文的“tough moments”和下文的“itll all work out in the end”說明，此處表示只要堅持下去，最終困難都能夠得到解決。persist“堅持”符合語境。 答案：D 14.A.introduced B.undertook C.monitored D.guided 解析：由后文的“plenty of actual work”可知此處應(yīng)選undertook，表示作者承擔了很多工作。 答案：B 15.A.list B.description C.situation D.responsibility 解析：根據(jù)上文的“Researching topics，booking guests， and meeting guests”可知，此處表示當然這個清單(list)并不是完整的，并不是作者所有的工作內(nèi)容。 答案：A 16.A.made up B.worked on C.took in D.picked out 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者也從事過頭條新聞的工作。work on“從事于……”，符合語境。 答案：B 17.A.inspiration B.effect C.cause D.threat 解析：依據(jù)后文中的“unemployment”可知，這里指作者很快就要重返學(xué)校了，但是作者心中依然受到失業(yè)的威脅。threat“威脅，恐嚇”符合語境。 答案：D 18.A.chief B.typical C.future D.ideal 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者現(xiàn)在還是一個在校學(xué)生，因此這里指作者未來的工作。故選future。 答案：C 19.A.when B.since C.though D.if 解析：如果有一件事是作者學(xué)習(xí)到的，那就是這件事。根據(jù)語境可知，此處要用if“如果”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 答案：D 20.A.journalists B.volunteers C.graduates D.actors 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者想和像BBC的新聞工作者(journalists)一樣友好和優(yōu)秀的團隊共事。 答案：A