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名詞性從句補充 整合及補充5+3P93-94的一. 名詞性從句的分類和特征；二. 名詞性從句的連接詞，得如下內容： (一) that: I. 總特征： 后跟完整陳述句, that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用 II. 在各類從句中的運用： 1. 在賓語從句中的使用注意點 (1) that引導動詞后的賓語從句時，一般情況可省 She sensed (that) she was being watched by a tall man. (2) 若主句動詞后有兩個或以上的賓語從句，除第一個that外，其余均不可省。 (3) 若有賓語補足語,可用it作形式賓語,把真正的賓語放在補足語后面，這時that不省 We think it highly probable that he is dead. (4)有些表語形容詞后可以帶賓語從句:（常見的有：afraid, sure, pleased, glad……） I am not sure that he will pass the exam. (5) 不能跟賓語從句的動詞后面需要從句時, 必須讓it先行,常見的動詞有enjoy, like, dislike, resent, hate, take , help, appreciate I take it that you don’t agree with me. I hate it when I have to speak French on the phone. (6) that從句一般不用在介詞后面的，能跟that從句的介詞只有except, in, but, besides少數(shù)幾個，其中except，in最常見．這時that一般不省． 其他介詞后面需要用that從句時, 必須讓it 先行 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. Please see to it that you bring enough money. 2. 在主語從句中的使用注意點 (1) that從句位于句首時，that一定不省 That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. (2) that從句作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而把that從句放后，這時that可省,常見的句型有： ① It is + adj + that從句，其中It is + adj. ( strange, necessary, important, vital, essential, desirable, appropriate, natural…)+that從句，主語從句得用虛擬語氣(should )+ V 原形 It is certain that we will do well in the exam. It is important that we should learn English well. ② It is + n. + that從句 It is a pity that we can’t go. ③ It is +pp + that從句，其中It is suggested（建議）/ recommended/ordered…+ that從句，主語從句得用虛擬語氣(should )+ V 原形 It’s said that he has gone abroad. It is suggested that he finish it this week. ④ It happens that-從句….→ sb/sth+ happen to do….碰巧….. It happened that he was covering the event. = He happened to be covering the event. ⑤ It occurs (to sb) that-從句…被想到, 出現(xiàn)在頭腦里邊 It occurred (to him) that his wife was doing something stupid. ⑥ It doesn’t matter (to sb )that-從句 It didn’t matter (to me )that the weather was bad. 3. 在表語從句中的使用注意點 在表語從句中，that一般情況不省 ①It appeared /seemed/turned out that the meeting was a great success. ②The reason why he was late was that he got up late. ③My suggestion is that we should carry it out at once. (注意用虛擬語氣) 4. 在同位語從句中的使用注意點 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容, that一般情況不省 ①There is no doubt that he will come. ②Word came that our team had won. ③There is no possibility that he will come. ④The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. (注意用虛擬語氣) (二) whether/if I. 總特征： ①有詞義：是否 ②從句都要用陳述句語序, 注意主從句時態(tài)搭配要合理諧調 II. 在各類從句中的運用： 1. 在賓語從句中的使用注意點 (1) 作動賓時，用whether和if均可；作介賓時，只能是whether ① She asked whether/if he would come this evening. ② It depends on whether the weather is fine. (2) discuss后用whether引導賓語從句 We need to discuss whether we should go. (3)作動賓時，whether…or not= if…or not; 但whether or not ≠ if or not I don’t care whether/if he comes or not. = I don’t care whether or not he comes. 2. 在主語從句中的使用注意點 (1)主語從句位于句首,只能用whether,不能用if引導 Whether they can take our advice is a question. (2)如用it作形式主語，那后置的真正的主語從句可用whether/if引導,但還是whether常見 It is a question whether/if they can tale our advice. (3) 如用it作形式主語，后置的真正的主語從句中含有表選擇意義的or時，必須用whether It remains to be seen whether this idea can be put into practice or not. 3. 在表語從句中的使用注意點 只能用whether引導，不能用if 4. 在同位語從句中的使用注意點 只能用whether引導，不能用if (三)as if/as though 見5+3P94-95 添加：看情況決定是用陳述還是虛擬語氣 It looks as if it is going to rain. （陳述） She treated the girl as if she were her own daughter. (虛擬) (四) 連接代詞 I. 總特征： ①連接代詞在從句中充當主語，賓語或表語； ②連接代詞在從句中有詞義, 是疑問的詞義，根據(jù)其詞義來選擇用哪一個連接代詞來引導從句； ③從句要用陳述句的語序; II. 在各類從句中的使用：見5+3P95 (五) 連接副詞 I. 總特征： ①連接副詞在從句中充當狀語； ②連接副詞在從句中有詞義, 是疑問的詞義，根據(jù)其詞義來選擇用哪一個連副詞來引導從句； ③從句要用陳述句的語序; II. 在各類從句中的使用：見5+3P95 添加： (六) what/whatever…….引導的名詞性關系從句 I.總特征： ①這類從句的連接詞都是陳述的語氣，沒有疑問的色彩，what相當于the thing(s) which/that, 意思為”所….的東西”，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語；where (…的地方，在從句作狀語)；when (…的時候，在從句中作狀語) ，why(…的原因,在從句中作狀語) ② whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever, 等特殊疑問詞＋ever的詞，意為“ (任何…的人/物…=anyone／anything that…..)” II. 在各類從句中的使用： ① I can still remember when this used to be a small village. (賓從) ② Whichever book he bought would be paid for. (主從) ③ This is where our problem lies. (表從) ④ I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have. (同位語從句) 易混易錯 一. that引導的同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 見5+3P95 二.名詞性從句的語序 見5+3P95 三.who/whom與whoever/whomever的區(qū)別 (1) who, whom 都是“誰”的意思，表示疑問，在引導名詞性從句時, 在從句中作主語時用who, 作賓語時用whom/who; Who has taken away my bag is unknown. (2)whoever, whomever是強語勢"無論誰",不含有疑問意味，在引導名詞性從句時, 在從句中作主語時用whoever, 作賓語是用whomever/whoever. ①You can give it to whomever/whoever you like. ②Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 四. what/whatever與which/whichever的區(qū)別 見5+3P95 五. because, why引導表語從句 見5+3P95 添加：Things are not always as they seem to be. （as: 像…一樣；此句中的as不是“因為”的意思，當as意為“因為”時，不能引導表語從句） 添加： 六. think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose 賓語從句 ① I don’t think he is right. ② I don’t think he is right, is he? You don’t think he is right, do you? ③ What do you think he is doing? ④ Do think he is coming? Yes, I think so. No, I don’t think so. / No I think not. 注意：I hope/am afraid/guess so. I hope/am afraid/guess not. 七. 比較不同句型 ① Jerry told us what/all that/ / all /all what he had seen abroad. ② It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. ③ As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. ④ What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO. 八.. 疑問詞-ever , 即 whatever, whichever, whomever, whenever…. ① 既可以引導名詞性從句≠ no matter+連接詞引導的從句 I believe whatever he says.(此句不能用no matter what替換) ② 也可以引導讓步狀語從句 = no matter+連接引導的從句 Whatever he says, I will never believe him. = No matter what he says, I will never believe him. 九. whether 與 if 的區(qū)別總結 相同點: ①引導動詞的賓語從句時，whether/if都可用 ②引導動詞的賓語從時，whether…or not = if …. or not ③ 如用it作形式主語，那后置的真正的主語從句可用whether/if引導,但還是whether常見 不同點： ①在表語、同位語從句中只能用whether ②主語從句位于句首,只能用whether, ③如用it作形式主語，后置的真正的主語從句中含有表選擇意義的or時，必須用whether ④直接跟動詞不定式時,只用whether ⑤賓從中，后面緊跟or not 時,只用whether ⑥在介詞后, 只用whether ⑦某些動詞后（discuss/decide/depend）只用whether ⑧注意區(qū)別if引導的賓語從句和條件狀語從句。用 if 會引起歧義時，往往用 whether 表“是否” ⑨賓語從句為否定句時用if