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　Unit 2　Sailing the oceans Section Ⅱ　Warming up & Reading—Language Points Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．The railway run____________(沿著) the road. 答案：　alongside 2．The project will take six months，as an absolute_____________________(最小量)． 答案：　minimum 3．Travelling has really helped to expand her____________(眼界)． 答案：　horizon 4．A large white bird flew silently____________(在頭頂上)． 答案：　overhead 5．The increased capital could greatly ____________(加速) economic development. 答案：　accelerate 6．The important thing is that children feel ____________(安全的) about being loved. 答案：　secure Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．____________(explore) of the solar system began in the 19th century. 答案：　Exploration 2．The sentences are numbered for ease of____________(refer)． 答案：　reference 3．In spite of all her____________(shortcoming)，she’s still the best teacher the school has. 答案：　shortcomings 4．The English in this story has been ____________ (simply) to make it easier to understand. 答案：　simplified Ⅲ.選詞填空 at the mercy of，on the horizon，in relation to，work out，rather than 1．Women’s earnings are still very low____________men’s. 答案：　in relation to 2．The sun is rising___________________. 答案：　on the horizon 3．UN negotiators have____________ a set of compromise proposal. 答案：　worked out 4．I think you’d call it a lecture____________a talk. 答案：　rather than 5．They were lost at sea，____________wind and weather. 答案：　at the mercy of Ⅳ.完成句子 1．You may get____________(最少40英鎊) a week doing this job. 答案：　a minimum of ￡40 2．The key was____________(到處都找不到)． 答案：　nowhere to be found 3．He’s ____________(很笨) that he keeps dropping things. 答案：　so awkward 4．It’s ____________(是不可靠的) to judge a man only by his looks. 答案：　not reliable 5．The victim was able to____________(確切地描繪) of the suspect. 答案：　give a precise description Ⅴ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．In addition to gene，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a decent home environment. ____________gene，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a decent home environment. 答案：　As well as 2．After calculating for a long time he figured out a sum. After calculating for a long time he____________a sum. 答案：　worked out 3．Science and technology has enabled modern industries to develop quickly. Science and technology has____________modern industries to develop quickly. 答案：　made it possible for 4．The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. The student____________is my daughter. 答案：　in white 5．I have a lot to say concerning that affair. I have a lot to say____________that affair. 答案：　in relation to Ⅵ.閱讀理解 A Steve and I pulled trash for four solid hours continuously，except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk.My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it，and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading for the street.But the rest of me said，“Go，trashman，go.” I could not have imagined there would be joy in this.Dump.Lift.Walk.Lift.Walk.The hours flew by. Saturday meant many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses.Most of them looked approachable enough.There wasn’t time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways.But I was shocked to find that this wasn’t the case. When I said hello to them，most often the response was either nothing at all，or a surprising stare because I had spoken. One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house.At the sound of my greeting，she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly to the door.I heard the lock click. Steve complained angrily on the long ride to the dump：“They don’t realize we’re humans.” I had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now I’m going to continue.I have decided，too，to keep saying hello in people’s yards.It doesn’t do any harm，and it still feels right.Frankly，I’m doing an essential task.I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning.Not many people can say that tonight. John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers (管子工) is in trouble.“Neither_its_pipes_nor_its_theories_will_hold_water，”he warned.He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen；otherwise，they’ll both leave rubbish behind. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者是一名垃圾清理工，他以前對(duì)自己的工作不認(rèn)同，后來(lái)逐漸以自己的工作為榮。 1．How did the woman feel when she heard the author’s greeting? A．Doubtful. B．Embarrassed. C．Frightened. D．Pitiful. 解析：　根據(jù)第五段中的“she gathered her housecoat…and retreated quickly to the door.I heard the lock click”可知，那位女士感到害怕，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：　C 2．At the end of the passage，what’s the author’s attitude to his job? A．He is ashamed of it. B．He is boastful about it. C．He is proud of it. D．He isn’t serious about it. 解析：　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I’m doing an essential task.I left this country a little cleaner”可推知，作者為自己的工作感到自豪，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：　C 3．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．Both the facilities and the thoughts of society may go wrong. B．Both the trashmen and the economists should not be respected. C．Both practice and theories are important. D．Both the pipes and the theories make sense. 解析：　根據(jù)畫線句前的“a society which...is in trouble”可推知，畫線句主要是說(shuō)人們對(duì)社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的判斷會(huì)出錯(cuò)，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：　A 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．An Experience as a Trashman B．The Trashman C．Economists and Trashmen D．Misunderstanding 解析：　根據(jù)整篇文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是一名垃圾清理工，以前他對(duì)自己的工作不認(rèn)同，但后來(lái)逐漸以自己的工作為榮。故選B。A項(xiàng)突出的是一次經(jīng)歷，比較片面。 答案：　B B We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world.They don’t move，they don’t make sounds and they don’t seem to respond to anything—at least not very quickly.But as is often the case，our human view of the world misses quite a lot.Plants talk to each other all the time.And the language is chemical. Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves.But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious. In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action. The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest，the cutworm.The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants.They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants.The substance is called HexVic.When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic，and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants.Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm－killing HexVic.Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease.How do they know when to play defense？They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors. It is a complex tale，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　人們傾向于認(rèn)為植物是大自然的裝飾品。它們不能移動(dòng)，不能發(fā)出聲響，看起來(lái)不對(duì)任何事情作出反應(yīng)。但是情況常常并非如此，植物一直都在說(shuō)話。 5．How do plants warn their neighbors? A．They make use of winds. B．They release some chemicals. C．They identify the chemicals. D．They are exposed early. 解析：　根據(jù)第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同種類的植物通過(guò)釋放一些化合物進(jìn)而幫助附近的植物，即B項(xiàng)正確。 答案：　B 6．What’s the function of HexVic? A．It damages the cutworm’s body. B．It shows up more. C．It cures the disease. D．It sprays over healthy plants. 解析：　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm－killing HexVic”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。 答案：　A 7．It can be inferred from the text that____________. A．there are not chemical signals B．the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes C．farmers may benefit from the further studies D．plants are warned first by their neighbors 解析：　由文章的最后一句可推知，通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)效率，農(nóng)民會(huì)從中受益，即C項(xiàng)正確。 答案：　C 8．The passage is likely to appear in____________. A．a(chǎn) newspaper advertisement B．a(chǎn) physics textbook C．a(chǎn) science magazine D．a(chǎn) finance report 解析：　根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可推知，本文應(yīng)該是一篇科研報(bào)告性質(zhì)的文章，即C項(xiàng)正確。 答案：　C