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Book5 Unit5 First Aid Period 1 Warming-up and Reading Teaching goals教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. Target language教學(xué)語言 a. 重點詞匯和短語 burn, essential, organ, layer, poison, ray, treatment, liquid, radiation, mild, iron, heal, tissue, electric, swell, swollen, blister, watery, char, nerve, damage, jewellery, squeeze out, over and over again, bandage, in place b. 重點句式 Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. First degree burns turn white when pressed. 2. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo) Enable the students to master some knowledge of first aid. 3. Learning ability goals學(xué)能目標(biāo) Enable the students to learn how to give their correct suggestions about first aid when others are in danger. Teaching important points教學(xué)重點 Let the Ss learn to use the structures of giving suggestions. Teaching methods教學(xué)方法 Skimming method and role-play method. Teaching aids 教具準(zhǔn)備 A projector, a tape-recorder and a blackboard. Teaching procedures and ways教學(xué)過程與方式 Step Ⅰ Lead-in T: I think you must surf the Internet after class. You must know more about fist aid. Now who can tell us what first aid is? Ss: First aid is the initial care of a suddenly sick or injured person. It is the care administered by a person as soon as possible after an accident or illness. It is this prompt care and attention prior to the arrival of the ambulance that sometimes draws the line between life and death, or between a full or partial recovery. T: What are the main aims of first aid? Ss: To preserve life; To protect the casualty from further harm; To relieve pain. T: Throughout life, you will face injuries of different kinds; whether it is a simple paper cut or a severe chemical burn, every accident must be dealt with in the right way. Here are two situations: Ah, a hot summer morning. Perfect for the beach exercise. After a nice brisk swim in the refreshing tide, you curl up on your beach chair with your headphones and a book. As you sit contentedly, your eyes slowly fall shut in a mid-day nap. When you awake, the sun is a little lower in the sky, the people next to you have left, and your exposed skin is starting to look a suspicious shade of bright red. Do you know what to do? You are babysitting the neighbor’s kids, and as you are preparing dinner you turn around for a moment to rinse off the spoon. Suddenly you hear a clatter of pans and a high pitched cry that sends your adrenaline into overdrive. You spin around and see the little girl clutching her hand, her tears streaming from her eyes, the telltale pot of hot water spilled on the ground. Do you know what to do? Step Ⅱ Pre-reading T: Today we are going to learn first aid for burns. First look at the picture on page 33, and answer: What has happened in the picture? Sa: The child has pulled boiling water onto herself. T: What sort of injures the child will have? Sb: She will have bad burns. T: In our everyday life, we will face different types of burns. A burn can be caused by heat (flames, hot grease, or boiling water), the sun (solar radiation), chemicals, an explosion, or electricity. When a burn breaks the skin, infection and loss of fluid can occur; burns can also result in difficulty breathing. Sometimes a burn victim has trouble breathing. Burns caused by flames or hot grease usually require medical attention as well, especially if the victim is a child or an elderly person. What kind of first aid would you perform in this situation? What should you do? S: This kind of burns was caused by boiling water. I would perform first aid for burns. Cool the area of skin at once. Wash the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes. Cover the wound with a loose bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth. See a doctor if a child has been burnt badly or if more than ten percent of the body has been burnt. T: Have you or someone you know ever been burned? What did the burn look like? Did anyone perform first aid? What did he do? You can use these words that might come up in relation to the characteristics of burns are: red, white, black, watery, blisters, painful, swollen. Ask the students to have a discussion in groups, and then answer the questions about their own various experiences. After a few minutes. T: Now stop talking. We are going to get the answers from the text. Let’s read the text and try to find the answers. Step Ⅲ While-reading T: The passage is a text from a book called First Aid for the Family. It is a quick-reference book which is organized under headings in such a way that readers can quickly find the information they want. In this type of text, it is common for information to be in note form. It is also common that ellipsis is used in giving instructions. The article the is often omitted in the instructions under ‘First aid treatment’, for example, cover burnt area instead of cover the burnt area; hold bandage in place instead of hold the bandage in place. While reading you should pay more attention to this kind of ellipsis. Skimming Ask the Ss to read the title of the text and the headings within it. Skim for general idea. T: What is the topic of the text and how is the information organized? S: It is about first aid for burns and the information is organized according to causes, types, characteristics and first aid treatment for burns. T: How is the information organized within the headings of types of burns and characteristics of burns? S: The information is organized according to the types of burns: first degree, second degree and third degree burns. T: Now please quickly glance at the information under the heading of First aid treatment and tell me why the information is numbered? S: The numbers indicate the steps you should take to treat a burn, in the order that they should happen. Especially pay attention to that each step gives an instruction using the imperative. T: How many parts are the text divided into and what are they? After a few minutes. Set Ex 1 in Comprehending. S: It can be divided into 5 parts. 1. the function/purpose of skin 2. how we can get burns 3. the three types of burns 4. the symptoms of burns 5. what to do if someone gets burned Step Ⅳ Detail reading T: Good. Pay attention to the title and subtitles. It clearly shows the main idea of each paragraph. We’ve known the main idea of the article from the headings. Now let’s get to details. Let’s read the first paragraph and answer the question: What can skin do for our body? Discuss the answer with your partner, then tell us the answer. S: Protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays; Keep you warm or cool; Prevent you from losing water; Gives you sense of touch. T: Very good. So first aid is a very important step in treatment of burns. How can we get burnt? Now let’s read the second paragraph and answer the question. S: We can get burnt by: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity and chemicals. T: Good. Then let’s come to the third paragraph, see how many types of burns. What are they? S: Three are three. First degree: They are not serious. They affect only the top layer of the skin. Victims feel better in a day or two. Second degree: The second degree burns affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious. Victim should take a few weeks to heal. Third degree: These are the serious degree burns. These burns are very severe injuries. They affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Victims must get to a hospital at once. T: Very good. Most good readers survey texts in this way before they start to read the text in detail. If you survey a text, it makes it easier to understand it because you already know something about the content and the organization. Now read Ex. 2. You don’t have to read the whole text to find the information you need to answer this question. Which part of the text do you need to look at? S: The section under the heading Characteristics of burns. Label the pictures with three degree burns. The second degree burn The first degree burnt The third degree burn Check the answers with them. And then do Ex. 4. T: After reading, let’s answer some questions. You may discuss in groups for 5 minutes, then we will check the answers. 1. Why should you put cold water on a burn? The cold water stops the burning process, stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling. 2. Why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt? Because the nerves have been damaged. If there are no nerves, there is no pain. 3. Why do you think clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed? Because this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected. / Bacteria from the clothes and jewellery could infect the burns. 4. If someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue? Because all the layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath. / These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Step Ⅴ Language points T: Do you have any questions? S: Yes, I don’t know what is usage of sense and unless and the phrase in the place. T: Well let me show you. Let’s watch the Power-Point. ▲ phrases with sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of hearing sense of taste sense of smell sense of humor sense of beauty sense of urgency ▲ unless: 除非……；如果不…… Don’t make it public unless I agree. Unless the destruction of the ozone layer stops, the polar ice caps could melt with terrible consequences. ▲ Make (some, no, ect.) difference It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. It makes no difference to me where you come from. Step Ⅵ Summary and homework T: This article is trying to tell us first aid is important. People who have witnessed an accident often wish that they had done things differently. Seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death. The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm. If we were to panic, we could not be able to help. By staying calm we will be able to think what to do and make better decisions. We can also prepare for an emergency by learning more about first aid. Calling an ambulance or the police is important, but there is more we can and should do. If we know how to respond, we can save lives. This passage does not contain enough information for you to do first aid correctly! You have to study with a teacher. However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people’s lives. So much for today. Here I like to recommend this to you. If you want more tips about first aid and ways to deal with common injuries, refer to the following websites. http://healthy.net/clinic/firstaid/ http://kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/ http://mi.essortment/firstaid_rfrg.htm http://emedicinehealth/articles/25936-7 1. Finish the Exes on page 36. 2. Preview the material the next extensive reading.