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《Unit 3 A healthy life》 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．It is ________(違法的)to drive after drinking. 2．Some women are too ________(尷尬的)to consult their doctor about the problem. 3．Some strange customs have ________(幸存)from earlier times. 4．He achieved his aim more by luck than ________(判斷)． 5．Their decision was based on ignorance and ________(偏見)． 6．The young lady ________(感染)the children with her enthusiasm for music. 7．The child is still ________(笨拙的)with his chopsticks. 8．He ________(冒險)his life to save his daughter from the fire. 9．Do not share ________(針頭)with other people. 10．Take the ________(藥丸)three times a day. Ⅱ. 閱讀理解 A (2013安徽高考)The Healthy Habits Survey (調(diào)查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice. 1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? ●Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. ●Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery－operated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes，at least twice a day. 2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? ●Finding: Seniors，on average，bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend. ●Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌) to enter our mouth，nose，and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And，most important，wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds. 3．How often do you think about fighting germs? ●Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. ●Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海綿)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs，keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds. 1．What is found out about American seniors? A．Most of them have good habits. B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week. C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected. D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day. 2．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________． A．twice a day B．three times a day C．four times a day D．eight times a day 3．Which of the following is true according to the text? A．We should keep from touching our faces. B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth. C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. 4．The text probably comes from ________． A．a(chǎn) guide book B．a(chǎn) popular magazine C．a(chǎn) book review D．a(chǎn)n official document B It is well known that the Japanese peoples love of fish is almost as strong as a bees interest in honey.As fish populations were decreasing，fishing companies were forced to fish further and further away from the shore.Then they had a big challenge—how to keep the fish fresh for longer.So they decided to keep the fish stored in freezers on the boats.But the public did not like frozen fish.So again the fishing companies had a new bigger challenge.What they decided to do was have fish tanks on their boats.After catching fishes，they would put them in the tanks and keep them living there until they got back to shore.But in this protected environment，lacking predators(掠食者)，the fish stopped moving around.The Japanese public felt these dull fish did not taste fresh，which had an unpleasant effect upon sales.Once again the fishing companies had an even bigger challenge... Stop for a minute！Before we go any further，I would like to ask “What are your challenges？How do you handle an unexpected challenge？”May I think it this way that you should try to attack your challenges？Conquer them with a Swiss Army knife.Take the most proper and simple tool that you can adopt to deal with your situation. Now back to our story.How did the Japanese finally figure out the fresh fish problem？Sharks！You might think the same.Sharks were caught and put into the tanks with other fishes.Dont sharks eat fish？Well，they do eat a few fish，but they did also keep more fish active and alert(警覺的)．The fish stay fresh because they are challenged. Now，try_to_keep_yourself_fresh_by_finding_your_own_shark_to_offer_yourself_a_challenge_in_your_own_business_and_career. 5．The main reason for the fishing companies to fish in the far sea is that________． A．the fish resource near the shore was decreasing B．the fishes farther away from the sea tasted fresher C．people would prefer eating fresh fishes to less fresh ones D．it was getting harder and harder to keep fishes fresh 6．Which was the BEST way for the fishing companies to keep fishes fresh? A．Getting the fishes frozen. B．Storing the fishes with salt. C．Putting the fishes in tanks. D．Keeping the fishes with sharks. 7．The relationship between fishes and sharks is similar to that between________in nature. A．dogs and cats B．monkeys and mosquitoes C．wolves and antelopes D．tigers and lions 8．The underlined part of the last paragraph means “________”． A．If you went fishing，you might do as the fishing companies did B．Try to find a big shark，and you will meet your challenge C．To succeed in life，you should always be ready to meet challenges D．Sharks are usually compared to the challenges in peoples life 9．The purpose for the author to write the passage is to________． A．tell the readers how the Japanese fishing companies work B．tell the readers how the Japanese keep the fishes fresh C．suggest readers looking for challenges to make progress D．suggest readers finding a shark to keep the fishes fresh Ⅲ.翻譯句子 1．我們習慣于早起做早操了。(accustom) 2．我們正試圖確定最新一輪談判的地點。(decide) 3．這種藥對整個身體有影響。(effect) 4．上周日他是在公園里撿到這個錢包的。(it引導的強調(diào)句) 5．她英語說得非常完美以至于人們認為她是一個英國本地人。(so...that) 參考答案 Ⅰ.1.illegal　2.embarrassed　3.survived　4.judgement　5.prejudice　6.infected　7.awkward 8．risked　9.needles　10.pill Ⅱ.1.A　句意：當我把唐代花瓶掉在地上的時候，我感到……。因此我的感覺不可能是高興，由此可排除B、C、D三項，“我”的感覺應是“窘迫和不安”。 2．D　句意：天太冷了以至于我都不想離開我的房間。本題考查的是由so/such...that...引導的結(jié)果狀語從句，意思是“如此……以至于……”。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句；such＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句。 3．D　考查短語辨析。try out試用，選拔；decide on對……作出決定；feel like愿意；take the risk of冒險。句意：地震后，戰(zhàn)士們冒著被落石砸傷的危險，救護村民。 4．D　句意：雖然他才15歲，卻已經(jīng)染上了吸煙的習慣。get into the habit of...染上……的習慣。 5．B　句意：——你的意大利之行怎么樣？——哦，多虧了天氣好，我們玩得很高興。thanks to多虧，由于，符合語境。in regard to關(guān)于，至于；in spite of不顧，不管，盡管；regardless of不顧，不考慮。 6．A　考查詞語辨析。fight for survival為生存而奮斗。句意：在這種經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下很多小公司不得不艱難度日。 7．A　illegal違法的；improper不合適的；impossible不可能的；illogical不合邏輯的。句意：未經(jīng)允許看別人的信件是不合法的。 8．A　強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式是：特殊疑問詞＋is/was it that＋其他部分？B項中的what不能和前面的so構(gòu)成同級比較，因此A項正確。 9．D　句意：我無法教你怎么做，你必須利用你自己的判斷力。judgement判斷，符合句意。guesswork猜測；justice正義，公正。 10．C　prejudice against對……持有偏見。 Ⅲ.【語篇解讀】　本文為一篇信息材料類說明文。文章介紹的是一個對美國老年人進行的健康習慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果以及專家給出的對策。 1．D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，美國老年人多數(shù)沒有好的習慣，故A項錯誤。30%是每天洗4次手人數(shù)的比例，而不是每周洗澡三天人數(shù)的比例，故B項錯誤。根據(jù)第三個問題下Finding的內(nèi)容“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知C項錯誤。根據(jù)第一個問題下Finding的內(nèi)容“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知D項正確。 2．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)wash their hands可鎖定第二個問題下的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)“And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，每天洗手四次只是醫(yī)生建議的一半，由此可推知，醫(yī)生建議的次數(shù)是每天8次。故選D項。 3．C　細節(jié)理解題。文章只是建議老年人要勤洗手，因為手每天接觸臉約三千次，然后接觸口、鼻、眼睛，這樣就會將細菌帶到這些部位，顯然，問題的癥結(jié)是避免未洗凈的手接觸口、鼻、眼睛等易被細菌感染的部位，而不是臉部，故A項不正確；B項中的less than 300與第一個問題下“Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth...”有出入，故B項不正確；根據(jù)第二個問題下的“Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.”可知，問題在于門把手上有大量細菌，會傳到手上，而不是手上的細菌傳到門把手上，故D項也不合適。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿)that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知C項正確。 4．B　推理判斷題。本題要求判斷文章的出處，此類試題一般結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容和格式綜合考慮。本文顯然不是書評(a book review)，也不是官方文件(an official document)。A項有較強的干擾性，但本文主要是面向公眾的科學知識普及，而不是生活指引。故選B項。 5．A　細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“As fish populations were decreasing，fishing companies were forced to fish further and further away from the shore.”可知選A。 6．D　細節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知答案。 7．C　 推理判斷題。鯊魚和魚的關(guān)系是存亡關(guān)系，通過鯊魚激發(fā)魚類為了生存要不斷抗爭的活力，同樣狼和藏羚羊也是這樣，藏羚羊不抗爭就會被狼吃掉。 8．C　推理判斷題。同樣的道理適合于人類，要想成功就得不斷地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)。 9．C　寫作意圖題。最后一段說明，人也要不斷尋找挑戰(zhàn)來使自己取得進步。 Ⅳ.1.We are accustomed to getting up early to do morning exercises.　2.We are trying to decide on the venue of the latest round of talks.　3.This drug has an effect on the whole system.　4.It was in the park that he picked up the wallet last Sunday.　5.She speaks English so perfectly that people think she is a native of England.