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第一部分　必修1　Unit 2 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2015安徽) In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we __3__ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造業(yè)) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__. Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people, we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__， this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem. Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. (　　)1.A．key　　　　 B．reason C．project　　　　 D．problem (　　)2.A．gifts　　　　 B．rubbish C．debt　　　　 D．products (　　)3.A．face　　　　 B．become C．observe　　 D．change (　　)4.A．hide　　　　 B．control C．replace　　 D．withdraw (　　)5.A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for　　 D．Regardless of (　　)6.A．safe　　　　 B．funny C．cheap　　　　 D．powerful (　　)7.A．love　　　　 B．lack C．prevention　　 D．division (　　)8.A．sensitive　　 B．kind C．brave　　　　 D．busy (　　)9.A．ways　　 B．places C．jobs　　　　 D．friends (　　)10.A．donate　　 B．receive C．produce　　 D．preserve (　　)11.A．a(chǎn)dapts　　 B．returns C．responds　　 D．contributes (　　)12.A．tired of B．a(chǎn)ddicted to C．worried about D．a(chǎn)shamed for (　　)13.A．newer　　 B．stronger C．higher　　　　 D．larger (　　)14.A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto　　 D．throw away (　　)15.A．a(chǎn)dvantages B．purposes C．functions　　 D．consequences (　　)16.A．show　　 B．record C．decrease　　 D．measure (　　)17.A．technology B．environment C．consumers　　 D．brands (　　)18.A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore　　 D．Meanwhile (　　)19.A．by　　 B．in favour of C．a(chǎn)fter　　　　 D．instead of (　　)20.A．spending B．collecting C．repairing　　 D．a(chǎn)dvertising 【主旨大意】文章講述了拋棄型消費(fèi)社會(huì)的表現(xiàn)、成因、危害以及解決措施；旨在呼吁人們轉(zhuǎn)變消費(fèi)觀念，為環(huán)保盡一份自己的力量。 1．【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了人們把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，從而導(dǎo)致垃圾堆積如山這一問(wèn)題，文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的“…this is not enough to solve our problem”和倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“…to the problem”亦有暗示。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)下文的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.”即人們比過(guò)去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，這里說(shuō)的是“垃圾山”日益壯大，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．【答案】B 【解析】句意為：我們是怎樣變成一個(gè)拋棄型消費(fèi)社會(huì)的呢？ face意為“面對(duì)”；become意為“變成”；observe意為“觀察；遵守”；change意為“改變”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 4．【答案】C 【解析】句意為：替換一件物品比花時(shí)間和金錢(qián)去修理它更容易。hide意為“躲藏；隱藏”；control意為“控制”；replace意為“取代；替代”；withdraw意為“撤退；收回”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上文提到人們習(xí)慣把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，即這里是指買(mǎi)新的東西來(lái)替換用壞的東西，故選C項(xiàng)。 5．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：由于現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，公司能夠快速而廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)出各類(lèi)產(chǎn)品。thanks to意為“幸虧；由于”；as to意為“關(guān)于；至于”；except for意為“除了……以外”；regardless of意為“不管；不顧”。根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系可知，“現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)”與“公司能夠快速而廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)品”之間是因果關(guān)系，因此A項(xiàng)正確。 6．【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)上文“…companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.”可知，產(chǎn)品豐富又便宜。故選C項(xiàng)。 7．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文人們總是想法設(shè)法去節(jié)約時(shí)間、讓生活更輕松以及許多公司生產(chǎn)了大量一次性產(chǎn)品可知，我們喜歡用一次性產(chǎn)品，故選A項(xiàng)。lack意為“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意為“預(yù)防；阻止”；division意為“分開(kāi)；除法”。 8．【答案】D 【解析】由下文的“to save time”可知人們很“忙碌”，故選D項(xiàng)。sensitive意為“敏感的；靈敏的”；kind意為“善良的”；brave意為“勇敢的”。 9．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：忙碌的人們總是在想方設(shè)法來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間，讓生活更輕松。上文說(shuō)人們喜歡使用一次性產(chǎn)品就是他們?yōu)楣?jié)省時(shí)間所尋找的“方法”。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．【答案】C 【解析】句意為：公司生產(chǎn)出成千上萬(wàn)種不同的一次性產(chǎn)品。donate意為“捐贈(zèng)；捐獻(xiàn)”；receive意為“收到；接收”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)；創(chuàng)作”；preserve意為“保存；保護(hù)”。由語(yǔ)境可知，公司為喜歡用一次性產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)人群 “生產(chǎn)”出多種一次性產(chǎn)品，故選C項(xiàng)。 11．【答案】D 【解析】句意為：我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的嗜好也促成了這一問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生。adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”；return to意為“返回”；respond to意“對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)”；contribute to意為“促成；有助于；導(dǎo)致”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的嗜好，即喜新厭舊的態(tài)度，對(duì)隨手丟棄的問(wèn)題起到火上澆油的作用。故選D項(xiàng)。 12．【答案】B 【解析】句意為：我們對(duì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品上了癮。be tired of意為“對(duì)……厭倦，厭煩；”；be addicted to意為“沉溺于；對(duì)……上癮”；be worried about意為“為……擔(dān)心”；be ashamed for意為“對(duì)……感到慚愧(羞愧)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我們買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品上癮，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 13．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：廣告勸說(shuō)我們更新的產(chǎn)品會(huì)更好，而且使用了最新的產(chǎn)品，我們也會(huì)更開(kāi)心。根據(jù)下文的“… we will be happier with the latest products.”可知答案應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 14．【答案】D 【解析】句意為：結(jié)果，我們?nèi)拥袅擞杏玫臇|西以便為新買(mǎi)的東西騰出地方。pick up意為“拾起，撿起；獲得”；pay for意為“為……而付報(bào)酬”；hold onto意為“緊緊抓住；抓住不放”；throw away意為“扔掉”。根據(jù)下文“to make room for new ones”可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 15．【答案】D 【解析】句意為：在世界各地，我們都可以看到這種拋棄型生活方式所產(chǎn)生的后果。advantage意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)；有利條件；利益”；purpose意為“目的”；function意為“功能；作用”；consequence意為“結(jié)果；后果”。根據(jù)下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，垃圾山越來(lái)越大就是這種拋棄型生活方式帶來(lái)的后果。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 16．【答案】C 【解析】句意為：為了減少垃圾數(shù)量，保護(hù)環(huán)境，越來(lái)越多的政府要求人們回收利用材料。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知政府要求人們回收利用舊物質(zhì)材料的目的為了“減少”垃圾的數(shù)量。故選C項(xiàng)。 17．【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和生活常識(shí)可知，減少垃圾數(shù)量，回收利用舊物質(zhì)材料都是為了保護(hù)“環(huán)境”。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：可是，這些不足以解決我們所面臨的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系，設(shè)空前后兩句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。however意為“然而；可是”，符合語(yǔ)境。otherwise意為“否則”；therefore意為“因此”；meanwhile意為“同時(shí)；其間”。 19．【答案】D 【解析】句意為：我們需要修理我們的東西而不是把它們?nèi)拥?。根?jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者對(duì)于亂扔?xùn)|西是不贊成的，建議人們應(yīng)該盡可能去修理它們。instead of在此意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。in favour of意為“支持；贊成”，與作者的意圖相去甚遠(yuǎn)。 20．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：我們也需要重新思考我們的消費(fèi)觀。根據(jù)下文的“… and changing our spending habits”可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，spend意為“花錢(qián)；消費(fèi)”。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2014全國(guó)課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D) As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact, half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)． In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition.His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. (　　)1.Many scholars are making efforts to________. A．promote global languages B．rescue disappearing languages C．search for language communities D．set up language research organizations (　　)2.What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having full records of the languages. B．Writing books on language teaching. C．Telling stories about language users. D．Living with the native speakers. (　　)3.What is Turins book based on? A．The cultural studies in India. B．The documents available at Yale. C．His language research in Bhutan. D．His personal experience in Nepal. (　　)4.Which of the following best describes Turins work? A．Write, sell and donate. B．Record, repair and reward. C．Collect, protect and reconnect. D．Design, experiment and report. 【主旨大意】世界上有很多語(yǔ)言正面臨著消亡。文章講述的是Turin和其他研究者拯救世界上那些面臨消亡的語(yǔ)言的具體做法。 1．【答案】B 【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，許多學(xué)者多年來(lái)一直都在致力于記錄那些即將消失的語(yǔ)言以及這些語(yǔ)言所反映的文化。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭兩段可知，為了保護(hù)那些即將消失的語(yǔ)言，許多學(xué)者多年來(lái)一直從事這些語(yǔ)言的記錄整理工作。第二段中的關(guān)鍵詞document，意為“記錄”。而馬克圖林作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，同樣也遵循這一傳統(tǒng)，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行著記錄。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．【答案】D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，馬克圖林最新出版的書(shū)是源自于他自己在尼泊爾的一個(gè)小村莊里生活和工作的經(jīng)歷。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞collect可知，馬克圖林所設(shè)立的機(jī)構(gòu)首先是收集材料；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞save 和 reconnect可知，馬克圖林利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)那些即將消失的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行保護(hù)并將這些語(yǔ)言重新連接到它們所屬的言語(yǔ)社區(qū)。因此馬克圖林的工作可描述為：collect，protect，reconnect。故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2015全國(guó)課標(biāo)Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings (土坯房)1.__________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2.__________ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3.__________ (able) to “air condition” a house without 4.__________ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5.__________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6.__________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 7.__________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8.__________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9.__________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10.__________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【主旨大意】本文介紹了美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人的土坯房。 1．【答案】built 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are admired，故此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。build和其邏輯主語(yǔ)the adobe dwellings之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空格后的by引出了動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，故用build的過(guò)去分詞形式built，作后置定語(yǔ)。 2．【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞most可知此處填定冠詞the。句意為：由美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人建造的土坯房受到了最前衛(wèi)的建筑師和工程師的青睞。 3．【答案】ability 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭袂坝凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)的形容詞性物主代詞their修飾，所以用able的名詞形式ability，意為“能力”。句意為：除了樸素之美以外，這些土坯房令人贊嘆之處是這些房子不使用電氣設(shè)備而自動(dòng)進(jìn)行空氣調(diào)節(jié)的能力。 4．【答案】using 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。without為介詞，故此處用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。 5．【答案】slowly 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)give out要用slow的副詞形式slowly。句意為：土坯做的墻在炎熱的白天里吸收了太陽(yáng)的熱量，在涼爽的夜晚再把熱量緩慢地釋放出來(lái)，這樣就使房子變得溫暖。 6．【答案】to cool 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處用作目的狀語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式。 7．【答案】at 【解析】考查介詞。at the same time是固定詞組，意為“與此同時(shí)”。 8．【答案】goes 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)，可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 9．【答案】natural 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。名詞architects前應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。 10．【答案】how 【解析】考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和空格后的形容詞thick可知，此處應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要多厚。 Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá) (2016遼寧沈陽(yáng)東北育才學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期二模) 假如你是李華， 你班的留學(xué)生Charles即將結(jié)束三周的假期從美國(guó)返回。你想委托他為你代購(gòu)一個(gè)剃須刀， 作為生日禮物送給爸爸。請(qǐng)按照以下要求給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件： 1．品牌： Gillette； 2．價(jià)格： 30美元左右。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)， 以使行文連貫； 3．開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好， 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯： 剃須刀—shaver Dear Charles， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 One possible version： Dear_Charles， I havent seen you for over three weeks.How have you been doing these days? I miss you so much! But it wont be long before we meet again, isnt it? Charles, could you do me a favor, please? My fathers birthday is coming, and I want to give him a shaver as a birthday gift.Just buy me a Gillette about 30 dollars.It is a very famous brand around the world.You can bring it back when you come back, and I will pay you back for that.Thank you very much. Looking forward to your coming soon. Yours， Li_Hua