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第20練　閱讀理解＋語法填空＋寫作 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander the Great，King of Greek.Alexander，after conquering many kingdoms，was returning home.On the way，he fell ill and it took him to his death bed.With death staring him in his face，Alexander realized his conquests，his great army，his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence.So，he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last.He called his generals and said，“I will depart from this world soon，and I have three wishes.Please carry them out without fail.” “My first desire is that，” said Alexander，“my physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause，he continued，“Secondly，I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave，the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒滿) with gold，silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The King continued，“My third and last wish is that both my hands should be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexander’s favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to his heart.“Oh King，we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled.But tell us why do you make such strange wishes？” Alexander took a deep breath and said，“I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt.I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies.They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death.So let people not take life for granted.” The second wish of strewing gold，silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me.I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me.Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth. And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin，I wish people to know that I came empty－h(huán)anded into this world and empty－h(huán)anded out of this world.With these words，the King closed his eyes.Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了亞歷山大大帝臨死前的三個愿望和他想傳達給人們的一些啟示。 1．The first paragraph suggests that Alexander ________． A. was conquering many kingdoms B．realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at all C．wanted to leave as he came empty－h(huán)anded D．regarded his conquests，his great army，his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Alexander realized his conquests，his great army，his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence”可知，亞歷山大大帝意識到他一生中所得的對他來說毫無意義，故B項正確。] 2．The underlined word “clutches” in Paragraph 3 means “________”． A．sentence B．a(chǎn)ttention C．control D．shadow 答案　C　[詞義猜測題。sentence“判決”；attention“注意”；control“控制”；shadow“陰影”。根據(jù)第三段的“They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death”并利用代入法可知，本句句意為“他們是無能為力的，并不能拯救一個人免于死神的控制”，即C項正確。] 3．The author intends to ________． A．tell us the story of Alexander B．introduce readers to the instructive lessons of Alexander C．stress the power of Alexander the Great D．persuade people to realize what Alexander said 答案　B　[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句話可知，B項正確。] 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The Death of Alexander B．The Greed of Alexander C．Three Wishes of Alexander D．The Life of Alexander 答案　C　[主旨大意題。本文主要講述了亞歷山大大帝死前的三個愿望和他想通過這三個愿望傳遞給人們的啟示，故C項正確。] B Around the world，honeybee groups are dying in huge numbers：about one－third of nests collapse each year.For bees and the plants they pollinate (授粉)，as well as for beekeepers，farmers，honey lovers and everyone else who appreciates this marvelous social insect，this is a catastrophe. Honeybee collapse has been particularly worrying because there is not one cause，but rather a thousand little cuts.The main elements include the mixed impact of pesticides (殺蟲劑)applied to fields，as well as pesticides applied directly into nests to control bugs，pests and diseases；nutritional shortages caused by vast acreages of single－crop fields that lack diverse flowering plants; and commercial beekeeping itself，which destroys groups by moving most bees around the country multiple times each year to pollinate crops. The real issue，though，is not the volume of problems，but the interactions among them.Here we find a major lesson from the bees that we ignore our risk：the concept of synergy (協(xié)同作用)，where one plus one equals three，or four，or more.A typical honeybee colony contains remains from more than 120 pesticides.Alone，each represents a benign dose(良性劑量)．But together they form a poisonous soup of chemicals whose interplay(相互作用)can greatly reduce the effectiveness of bees’ immune systems，making them easier to suffer from diseases. Observing the death of honeybees should warn us that our own well－being might be similarly threatened，and the widespread collapse of so many groups presents a clear message.We must demand that our regulatory authorities require studies on how exposure to low dosages of combined chemicals may affect human health before approving compounds. Bees also provide some clues to how we may build a more collaborative relationship with the services that ecosystems can provide.Bees could offer some of the pollination services needed for agriculture.People discover that crop harvests，and thus profits，are maximized if some croplands are left uncultivated for bees.Meanwhile a variety of wild plants means a healthier，more diverse bee population，which will then move to the planted fields next door in larger and more active numbers. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了蜜蜂大量消失的原因以及給人們帶來的啟示。 5．Which of the following is NOT the cause that leads to bees’ death? A．Lack of nutrition from enough diverse flowering plants. B．The pests and diseases of the bees. C．The beekeepers’ destroying without intention. D．The pesticides applied to crops. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“nutritional shortages caused by vast acreages of single－crop fields that lack diverse flowering plants”可知，營養(yǎng)的缺乏是因為缺少正在開花時節(jié)的植物。故選A項。] 6．By saying “one plus one equals three，or four，or more” in Paragraph 3，the author means that ________． A．united bees mean they are much more powerful B．united bees mean they are much more poisonous C．mixed pesticides mean they are much more poisonous D．mixed pesticides mean they are much more effective 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句的“But together they form a poisonous soup of chemicals”可知，混合型的殺蟲劑毒性更大，即C項正確。] 7．The lesson people can learn from bees’ death is that ________． A．medicine is as powerful as pesticides B．our health might be threatened by pesticides C．we should protect bees by reducing the usage of pesticides D．medicine may be harmful to us when used together 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第二句的“how exposure to low dosages of combined chemicals may affect human health before approving compounds”可推知，藥物混合使用可能會對人體有害，即D項正確。] 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Keeping a balance with nature is important. B．More plants mean more and healthier bees. C．Bees are very important to agriculture. D．Bees can bring in good higher profits to farmers. 答案　A　[段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Bees also provide some clues to how we may build a more collaborative relationship with the services that ecosystems can provide”可知，蜜蜂也提供了一些線索，關于我們?nèi)绾闻c生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供的服務建立一個更多的合作關系，因此本段主要講述了與自然保持平衡是重要的。故A項正確。] Ⅱ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Rosa Parks was an African American civil rights activist.She __9__ (respect) by the world and was called by the US Congress later “Mother of the Modern－Day Civil Rights Movement”． Rosa Parks is best known for the day she refused to give __10__ her seat on a segregated bus，__11__(inspire) people to fight and sparking the Montgomery，Alabama，bus boycott(抵制)．On December 1，1955，Parks，whose behaviors made her __12__ (fame) later，refused to obey bus driver James Blake’s order __13__ she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger.This action of civil rebellion started the Montgomery Bus Boycott，which is one of __14__(large) movements against racial segregation.In addition，this made Martin Luther King，Jr.，who __15__(support) the boycott，lead the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks lived in Detroit until she died from __16__(sick) at the age of ninety－two on October 24，2005.Her casket(棺材)__17__(deliver) to Washington，DC，and taken，aboard a bus similar to the one in which she made her protest，to lie in honor in the US Capitol Rotunda，__18__ made her the first woman and second African American over to receive this honor. 【語篇解讀】　羅莎帕克斯是一位美國黑人民權行動主義者，美國國會后來稱她為“現(xiàn)代民權運動之母”。 9．was respected　[此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，邏輯上是動賓關系，用一般過去時。] 10．up　[固定短語give up，此處意思是“讓給”。指羅莎帕克斯拒絕把座位讓給白人。] 11．inspiring　[此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示結果，且邏輯上是主動關系。] 12．famous　[此處是形容詞作賓語補足語。] 13．that　[同位語從句中，不缺成分，不缺語意，用連接詞that引導。] 14．the largest　[分析語境可知，這里指公車抵制是反對種族隔離政策的最大的運動之一。] 15．supported　[陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時。] 16．sickness　[此處指疾病，用名詞sickness。] 17．was delivered　[陳述過去的情況，邏輯上是動賓關系，故用was delivered。] 18．which　[此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是事物，關系代詞用which。] Ⅲ.寫作 (一)應用文寫作 假如你是李華，你的澳大利亞朋友Johnson來武漢學習已經(jīng)兩個月了，你想邀請他周末到你家做客。請給Johnson寫一封電子郵件，邀請他在周六下午乘六路公交車到你家，告訴他你家在公交站附近，你將于三點在車站等候他的到來。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．信的開頭和落款已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Johnson， ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Yours truly， Li Hua 【寫作指導】 本篇寫作要求考生給澳大利亞朋友Johnson寫一封邀請信，邀請對方在周六下午來家做客。本文屬于書信類應用文，人稱主要使用第一人稱和第二人稱，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時。 題干已經(jīng)給出了具體的寫作要點，在寫作前考生應當仔細閱讀這些要點，確保寫作時不遺漏。根據(jù)要點，本文可用四段寫作：首段寫明寫信的背景和理由；第二段寫清邀請的內(nèi)容；第三段寫車次安排以及會面的具體時間等；尾段提出希望。 行文時，考生應注意邀請信的語氣特點：委婉、禮貌，理由充分，適當使用邀請信的套句，如I’ll appreciate it if you come on this...I want to invite you to my home for...等。此外，文章應盡量使用一些高級詞匯、短語和復雜句型，還應合理使用連接成分，以增強文章的邏輯性，從而提高文章的得分檔次。 【參考范文】 Dear Johnson， I know that you have been in Wuhan for two months.And it’s a long time since we met.Can you spare me some time at this weekend？I want to invite you to my home for tasting Chinese food and we will chat together at that time. I’ll appreciate it if you come on this Saturday afternoon；you can take the No.6 bus which will take you straight to my house.You will see me waiting for you at the bus station at 3：00 pm.. Looking forward to your coming! Yours truly， Li Hua (二)讀后續(xù)寫 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。 It was shortly after one o’clock in the morning and Mr.Fairfax was really tired．He had been driving for over five hours，heading for a small town far away from home.The weather was clear but it was dark and Mr.Fairfax could not find a motel to spend the night.Completely exhausted，he decided to stop by the roadside for a few hours’ sleep at the wheel of his car.He fell asleep almost the moment he closed his eyes.But soon he was awakened by a man tapping on the car window.“I say，you don’t happen to know the time，do you？” the stranger asked. Mr.Fairfax wound down the window and thrust his head out.“It’s around one o’clock，”he answered.Then he wound up his window and soon fell back into a deep slumber. Half an hour later，another guy came up and knocked on his window who also inquired about the time.Once again，Mr.Fairfax gathered his thoughts and told him that it was just after one thirty. When the same thing happened yet again，Mr.Fairfax became increasingly irritated.Sleep－deprived，he began to raise his voice at the passer－by：“It’s two o’clock，God damn it！And why can’t you get yourself a watch like the rest of us？” This time when he was winding up the window，Mr.Fairfax figured out how to make sure no one else disturbed him.He found some paper and a pencil and wrote a note that he placed on the windscreen of his car.It said：“I don’t know what time it is！” Amused by his good idea，he happily drifted off back to sleep again. Not long afterwards，the note was spotted by a policeman on his night patrol.Intent on fulfilling his duty to assist motorists，he tapped on Mr.Fairfax’s car window. “Well，sir，” the policeman said.“Now it is five past three！” 注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右； 2．應使用5個以上短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語； 3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好； 4．續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。 Paragraph 1： “For the sake of God！”With a loud noise of fist hitting the wheel，the car window was wound down.__________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： “I’m sorry Mister，but I think sleeping in the car by the roadside is not a good choice，”said the police.____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 【寫作指導】 本篇讀后續(xù)寫是一篇記敘文，主要敘述了Mr.Fairfax夜間將車停在路邊休息時多次被人打擾的故事。文章著重刻畫了主人公睡覺時屢遭打擾后的情緒變化，隨著情緒從剛開始的平靜到不耐煩，再到想到好主意之后的高興，最后變得憤怒，文章在用詞上也有所變化，尤其是人物說話時的用詞和語氣。因此在續(xù)寫時，考生應關注人物的情緒變化，并根據(jù)其變化采用不同的表達方式。同時，在描述人物的話語時，注意要口語化，從而更貼近實際生活。 【參考范文】 “For the sake of God！”With a loud noise of fist hitting the wheel，the car window was wound down.Mr.Fairfax thrust his head out again，staring at the man breaking his sweet dream，his eyes red from lack of sleep.“How dare you！”Mr.Fairfax shouted，“I may kill you if you do this again！”“Uh...Excuse me，”the policeman replied tentatively.“I was just doing my duty．You know...”“Oh，please！Go ahead，sir.Just don’t disturb me！”Winding up the window，Mr.Fairfax were eager to go back to sleep. “I’m sorry Mister，but I think sleeping in the car by the roadside is not a good choice，”said the police.“You think？”Mr.Fairfax was still angry.“Yeah，so I was thinking you may spend the rest of the night in my office.It’s not far from here by the way.”“Well，”Mr.Fairfax started to feel uneasy.“I have to say thanks a lot，really.And I’m also sorry for the rudeness just now.”“Oh，that’s OK.But I’m afraid you have to pay a fine of $10 for parking by the roadside，”The police wrote a ticket with a tricky smile.