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Industrial Control and PLC
Industrial control automation technology is an application of control theory, instrumentation, computers and other information technology, industrial production processes for detection, control, optimization, scheduling, management and decision-making, to increase production, improve quality, reduce consumption, to ensure the safety The purpose of the integrated technology, including industrial automation software, hardware and systems in three. Industrial control automation technology as the 20th century, the area of modern manufacturing technology, one of the most important, the main solution to the issue of productivity and consistency. Although the automation system itself does not directly create effective, but its production process to enhance the role of obvious.
China's industrial automation control the path of development are the introduction of complete sets of equipment to carry out digestion and absorption at the same time, and then the development and application of a second. China's industrial control automation technology, industries and applications have a lot of development, China's industrial computer systems industry has been formed.At present, industrial control automation technology is the intelligent, network-based and integrated direction.
To micro-PLC, network, PC and open development
A long period of time, PLC in industrial control automation has always been the main battlefield of the field for a wide range of automation control equipment to provide highly reliable control, DCS and industrial PC with a trend of the three. At the same time, PLC also suffer from the impact of other technology products, especially industrial impact of PC.
Currently, the PLC manufacturers around the world about 200, producing over 300 kinds of products. PLC is still abroad, the domestic market products, such as Siemens, Modicon, AB, OMRON, Mitsubishi, GE products. After years of development, the domestic manufacturers PLC about 30, but there is no large-scale production capacity and brand-name products, it can be said PLC has not yet formed in our manufacturing industry.PLC application in China is very active, the application of a wide range of industries. Experts estimate that in 2000 the domestic market sales of PLC for 15 (20 million units (of which about 90% of imports), about 25 (35 billion yuan, an annual growth rate of about 12%. Estimated that in 2005 the demand for National PLC will reach about 250,000 units, about 35 (45 billion yuan.
PLC market is also reflected in the state of the world's manufacturing sector, fell sharply after 2000. However, in accordance with the Automation Research Corp forecasts, despite the global economic downturn, PLC market will recover, it is estimated that the global PLC market in 2000 for 7.6 billion U.S. dollars, by the end of 2005 to 7.6 billion U.S. dollars will return and continue to increase slightly.
Miniaturization, networking, PC-based PLC and openness are the main directions of future development. PLC-based automation in the early, PLC bulky and expensive. However, in recent years, micro-PLC (less than 32 I / O) has occurred, the price only a few hundred euros.With the soft PLC (Soft PLC) control configuration software to further improve and develop, is equipped with soft-PLC configuration software and PC-based control of the market share will gradually increase.
At present, the field of process control, one of the biggest trends is the expansion of Ethernet technology, PLC is no exception. PLC is now a growing number of suppliers providing Ethernet interface. It is believed that, PLC will continue to open the direction of the transfer of control systems, especially PC-based industrial control systems.
(Source: Industrial Network)
Small size, diversification, PC and open the future development direction of DCS. DCS is currently a small market share has been gradually and PLC, industrial PC, FCS sharing. First of all, the future may be small-scale DCS system with the integration of these three, and "soft DCS" technology will first be developed small-scale DCS.PC-based control will be more widely used in small and medium-sized process control, the DCS will also be vendors have been offering PC-based small-scale industrial DCS systems. Open to the DCS system at the same time two-way upward and downward extension of the production process from field data across the enterprise within the free flow of information technology and control technology, seamlessly integrated to control the direction of the development of monitoring and control.
Information technology industry is defined as industrial production, management, business process, through the information infrastructure, in an integrated platform of information acquisition, information transmission, information processing and comprehensive utilization of such information.To develop as a result of industrial automation is to speed up the transformation of traditional industries to upgrade and improve the overall quality of enterprises, improve the country's overall national strength, adjusting the industrial structure, to invigorate large and medium-sized enterprises, the rapid and effective ways and means, the state will continue through the implementation of a series of high-tech industry of industrial process automation of special, using information technology to stimulate industrialization and the promotion of industrial automation technology to further develop and strengthen technological innovation, to achieve industrialization and economic development to solve the underlying problem, to further improve the overall quality of the national economy and overall national strength, the development by leaps and bounds.
To develop as a result of industrial automation is to speed up the transformation of traditional industries to upgrade and improve the overall quality of enterprises, improve the country's overall national strength, adjusting the industrial structure, to invigorate large and medium-sized enterprises, the rapid and effective ways and means, the state will continue through the implementation of a series of high-tech industry of industrial process automation of special, using information technology to stimulate industrialization and the promotion of industrial automation technology to further develop and strengthen technological innovation, to achieve industrialization and economic development to solve the underlying problem, to further improve the overall quality of the national economy and overall national strength, the development by leaps and bounds.
工業(yè)控制與PLC
工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是一種運(yùn)用控制理論、儀器儀表、計(jì)算機(jī)和其它信息技術(shù)，對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程實(shí)現(xiàn)檢測、控制、優(yōu)化、調(diào)度、管理和決策，達(dá)到增加產(chǎn)量、提高質(zhì)量、降低消耗、確保安全等目的的綜合性技術(shù)，主要包括工業(yè)自動(dòng)化軟件、硬件和系統(tǒng)三大部分。工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)作為20世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代制造領(lǐng)域中最重要的技術(shù)之一，主要解決生產(chǎn)效率與一致性問題。雖然自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)本身并不直接創(chuàng)造效益，但它對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程有明顯的提升作用。
我國工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展道路，大多是在引進(jìn)成套設(shè)備的同時(shí)進(jìn)行消化吸收，然后進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)和應(yīng)用。目前我國工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)和應(yīng)用都有了很大的發(fā)展，我國工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)行業(yè)已經(jīng)形成。目前，工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化技術(shù)正在向智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和集成化方向發(fā)展。
PLC在向微型化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、PC化和開放性方向發(fā)展
長期以來，PLC始終處于工業(yè)控制自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域的主戰(zhàn)場，為各種各樣的自動(dòng)化控制設(shè)備提供非常可靠的控制方案，與DCS和工業(yè)PC形成了三足鼎立之勢(shì)。同時(shí)，PLC也承受著來自其它技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的沖擊，尤其是工業(yè)PC所帶來的沖擊。
目前，全世界PLC生產(chǎn)廠家約200家，生產(chǎn)300多種產(chǎn)品。國內(nèi)PLC市場仍以國外產(chǎn)品為主，如Siemens、Modicon、A-B、OMRON、三菱、GE的產(chǎn)品。經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，國內(nèi)PLC生產(chǎn)廠家約有三十家，但都沒有形成頗具規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)能力和名牌產(chǎn)品，可以說PLC在我國尚未形成制造產(chǎn)業(yè)化。在PLC應(yīng)用方面，我國是很活躍的，應(yīng)用的行業(yè)也很廣。專家估計(jì)，2000年P(guān)LC的國內(nèi)市場銷量為15(20萬套（其中進(jìn)口占90%左右），約25(35億元人民幣，年增長率約為12%。預(yù)計(jì)到2005年全國PLC需求量將達(dá)到25萬套左右，約35(45億元人民幣。
PLC市場也反映了全世界制造業(yè)的狀況，2000后大幅度下滑。但是，按照Automation Research Corp的預(yù)測，盡管全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑，PLC市場將會(huì)復(fù)蘇，估計(jì)全球PLC市場在2000年為76億美元，到2005年底將回到76億美元，并繼續(xù)略微增長。
微型化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、PC化和開放性是PLC未來發(fā)展的主要方向。在基于PLC自動(dòng)化的早期，PLC體積大而且價(jià)格昂貴。但在最近幾年，微型PLC（小于32 I/O）已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，價(jià)格只有幾百歐元。隨著軟PLC（Soft PLC）控制組態(tài)軟件的進(jìn)一步完善和發(fā)展，安裝有軟PLC組態(tài)軟件和PC-based控制的市場份額將逐步得到增長。
當(dāng)前，過程控制領(lǐng)域最大的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)之一就是Ethernet技術(shù)的擴(kuò)展，PLC也不例外?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的PLC供應(yīng)商開始提供Ethernet接口。可以相信，PLC將繼續(xù)向開放式控制系統(tǒng)方向轉(zhuǎn)移，尤其是基于工業(yè)PC的控制系統(tǒng)。
（資料來源：工控網(wǎng)）
小型化、多樣化、PC化和開放性是未來DCS發(fā)展的主要方向。目前小型DCS所占有的市場，已逐步與PLC、工業(yè)PC、FCS共享。今后小型DCS可能首先與這三種系統(tǒng)融合，而且“軟DCS”技術(shù)將首先在小型DCS中得到發(fā)展。PC-based控制將更加廣泛地應(yīng)用于中小規(guī)模的過程控制，各DCS廠商也將紛紛推出基于工業(yè)PC的小型DCS系統(tǒng)。開放性的DCS系統(tǒng)將同時(shí)向上和向下雙向延伸，使來自生產(chǎn)過程的現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)在整個(gè)企業(yè)內(nèi)部自由流動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息技術(shù)與控制技術(shù)的無縫連接，向測控管一體化方向發(fā)展。
工業(yè)信息化是指在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、管理、經(jīng)營過程中，通過信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，在集成平臺(tái)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的采集、信息的傳輸、信息的處理以及信息的綜合利用等。在“十五”期間，國家用信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化的工作重點(diǎn)有三個(gè)方面：一是以電子信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用為重點(diǎn)，提高傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程自動(dòng)化、控制智能化和管理信息化水平；二是以先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)應(yīng)用為重點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生產(chǎn)，振興裝備制造業(yè)；三是改造提升重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、共性技術(shù)及其相關(guān)配套技術(shù)水平、工藝和裝備水平。國家實(shí)施高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的主要目標(biāo)有兩個(gè)：一是發(fā)展高技術(shù)，形成新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，培育新的增長點(diǎn)；二是利用先進(jìn)技術(shù)改造和優(yōu)化傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量。
由于大力發(fā)展工業(yè)自動(dòng)化是加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造提升、提高企業(yè)整體素質(zhì)、提高國家整體國力、調(diào)整工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、迅速搞活大中型企業(yè)的有效途徑和手段，國家將繼續(xù)通過實(shí)施一系列工業(yè)過程自動(dòng)化高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化專項(xiàng)，用信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化，推動(dòng)工業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化，解決國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的深層問題，進(jìn)一步提高國民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體素質(zhì)和綜合國力，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。