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黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 附 錄 附錄A 英文文獻 Flexible manufacturing technology Flexible manufacturing technology also says flexible integrated manufacturing technology, is the modern advanced manufacturing technology collectively. Flexible manufacturing technology set automation technology, information technology and production processing technology in a body, before the factory in the isolated each enterprise engineering design, manufacture, operation management process in the computer and software and the support of the database, which constitute a covers the whole enterprise of organic department The so-called "flexible", that is, flexibility, mainly displays in: (1) the production equipment parts, components can be processed according to the needs of product transformation, (2) on the processing of products can be quickly adjust according to need batch; (3) the performance parameters of processing products can be quickly change and promptly put into production; (4) can rapidly and effectively integrated application of new technology; (5) to users, trade partners and suppliers to changing needs and special requirements can quickly make reaction. Using the flexible manufacturing technology enterprise, usually can meet the changeable and varieties of the small batch production requirements of war, can quickly expanding production capacity, and the product high quality and reasonable price. Flexible manufacturing equipment can be in don't need a lot of the additional investment under the condition of the continuous provide the new technology, new technology ability, also do not need special facilities, can produce the special military products. Characteristics: (1) Flexible manufacturing technology from the group technology develops, therefore, flexible manufacturing technology is still with the imprint of group technology-the other three similar principles: a similar shape; Similar size and process similar. (2) The three similar principles will be flexible manufacturing technology the prerequisite. Every accords with three similar multi-species processing of the principle of phase of flexible production line, can do the most provinces (using equipment investment at least, the workshop area minimum) the producing efficiency is the highest (can be mixed flow production, no stop loss); The best economic benefit (lowest cost). varieties large volume production, even though every species of batch is relatively small, DuoGe small batch is the sum total of mass, so also can form flexible production line and almost no shutdown losses, design utilization innings. (3) Flexible manufacturing technology portfolio of today's machine technology, monitoring technology, detection technology, cutting tool technology, transmission technology, electronic technology and computer technology with high quality, essence, high reliability, high automation and high efficiency. (4) Can shorten the time of the new products launched, over to fast, adapt to the changing market demand. (5) Can reduce factory in another piece of improving the quality of product and inventory, reduce the cost of product. (6) Reduce the number of workers, reduce labor intensity. (7) One-time investment. 2. A flexible production technology, however, the application of mechanism made (1) The manufacture of internal combustion engine, the overseas many medium and small batch production, most varieties with the principle of concentration, the process processing center, nc machine tools, flexible manufacturing unit and flexible manufacturing system. Therefore, high flexibility, change the time than general adjustment varieties reduced by more than 75%, despite the production line, but the initial investment total economic benefits is good. (2) Many varieties of mass production, using the flexible manufacturing line, the production line is mainly composed of change box, to tower, change the tools processing center, nc machine tools and the numerical control of special machine tool. Exchange box processing center, the automatic replacement storage reservoir of spindle box number, but by a few to ten few, so together can satisfy the mass of many varieties processing. (3) Many varieties of flexible production line of mass production. Not only in many varieties of foreign large quantities of cases using the flexible production line, and in many varieties mass (several hundred thousand to hundreds of thousands of) also using the flexible production line, this kind of many varieties of large Numbers of flexible production line with computer control three coordinates module, these specialized module, can change the knife is, changing box, also can be turned the tower head. By three coordinates processing module instead of a special machine, improve the combination of flexible production line, not only can apply varieties repeatedly production, can also mixed flow production. The production line though, but the initial investment because production line can full load production, high efficiency, the processing quality is reliable, the products of good quality, high reliability, low malfunction, maintenance costs less, so the product cost low, and the economic benefit is good. 2. Flexible manufacturing in internal combustion engine machining technology application Domestic internal combustion engine manufacturing, mechanical processing line to automation line and mechanization production line is given priority to, including engine block and the shortcoming of the processing to automatic line is given priority to, crankshaft, CAM shaft and the connecting rod, the Lord with mechanization production which is a, but online inserted with process for automatic line. 附 錄 附錄B 英文翻譯 柔性制造技術(shù) 柔性制造技術(shù)也稱柔性集成制造技術(shù)，是現(xiàn)代先進制造技術(shù)的統(tǒng)稱。柔性制造技術(shù)集自動化技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)和制作加工技術(shù)于一體，把以往工廠企業(yè)中相互孤立的工程設(shè)計、制造、經(jīng)營管理等過程，在計算機及其軟件和數(shù)據(jù)庫的支持下，構(gòu)成一個覆蓋整個企業(yè)的有機系 所謂“柔性”，即靈活性，主要表現(xiàn)在：①生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的零件、部件可根據(jù)所加工產(chǎn)品的需要變換；②對加工產(chǎn)品的批量可根據(jù)需要迅速調(diào)整；③對加工產(chǎn)品的性能參數(shù)可迅速改變并及時投入生產(chǎn)；④可迅速而有效地 綜合應(yīng)用新技術(shù)；⑤對用戶、貿(mào)易伙伴和供應(yīng)商的需求變化及特殊要求能迅速做出反應(yīng)。采用柔性制造技術(shù)的企業(yè)，平時能滿足品種多變而批量很小的生產(chǎn)需求，戰(zhàn)時能迅速擴大生產(chǎn)能力，而且產(chǎn)品質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉。柔性制造設(shè)備可在無需大量追加投資的條件下提供連續(xù)采用新技術(shù)、新工藝的能力，也不需要專門的設(shè)施，就可生產(chǎn)出特殊的軍用產(chǎn)品。 特點: (1) 柔性制造技術(shù)是從成組技術(shù)發(fā)展起來的，因此，柔性制造技術(shù)仍帶有成組技術(shù)的烙印——另件三相似原則;形狀相似；尺寸相似和工藝相似。 這三相似原則就成為柔性制造技術(shù)的前提條件。凡符合三相似相原則的多品種加工的柔性生產(chǎn)線，可以做到投資最省(使用設(shè)備最少，廠房面積最小)生產(chǎn)效率最高(可以混流生產(chǎn)，無停機損失)；經(jīng)濟效益最好(成本最低)。 (2) 品種中大批量生產(chǎn)時，雖然每個品種的批量相對來說是小的，多個小批量的總和也可構(gòu)成大批量，因此柔性生產(chǎn)線幾乎無停工損失，設(shè)計利用率局。 (3) 柔性制造技術(shù)組合了當今機床技術(shù)、監(jiān)控技術(shù)、檢測技術(shù)、刀具技術(shù)、傳輸技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的精華，具有高質(zhì)量、高可靠性、高自動化和高效率。 (4) 可縮短新產(chǎn)品的上馬時間，轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)快，適應(yīng)瞬息萬變的市場需求。 (5) 可減少工廠內(nèi)另件的庫存，改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和降低產(chǎn)品成本。 (6) 減少工人數(shù)量，減輕工人勞動強度。 (7) 一次性投資大。 1、柔性制造技術(shù)在內(nèi)然機制造方面的應(yīng)用 (1) 國外內(nèi)燃機的制造，對多品種中小批量生產(chǎn)，大多數(shù)采用工序集中的原則，采用加工中心，數(shù)控機床，柔性制造單元和柔性制造系統(tǒng)。因此，柔性化較高，更換品種的調(diào)整時間比一般生產(chǎn)線減少75%以上，盡管初期投資大，但總的經(jīng)濟效益是好的。 (2) 多品種中大批量生產(chǎn)，采用柔性制造線，生產(chǎn)線主要由換箱、轉(zhuǎn)塔、換刀加工中心，數(shù)控機床和數(shù)控專用機床組成。對換箱加工中心，目前自動更換儲貯主軸箱的數(shù)目很多，可由幾個至十幾個，所以組合起來能滿足中大批量多品種加工。 (3) 多品種大批量生產(chǎn)的柔性生產(chǎn)線。國外不僅在多品種中大批量的情況下采用柔性生產(chǎn)線，而且在多品種大批量(十幾萬到數(shù)十萬)的情況下也采用柔性生產(chǎn)線，這種多品種大批量的柔性生產(chǎn)線由計算機控制的三座標模塊組成，這些專門化的模塊，可以是換刀的、換箱的、也可以是轉(zhuǎn)塔頭的。由三座標加工模塊代替組合專用機床，提高了生產(chǎn)線的柔性，不僅可以適用多品種的輪番生產(chǎn)，還可以混流生產(chǎn)。該類生產(chǎn)線雖然初期投資大，但由于生產(chǎn)線可以滿負荷生產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)效率高，加工質(zhì)量可靠，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，故障少，可靠性高，維修費用少，因此產(chǎn)品成本低，經(jīng)濟效益好。 2. 柔性制造在內(nèi)燃機機加工技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 國內(nèi)內(nèi)燃機的制造，機械加工線以自動化線和機械化生產(chǎn)線為主，其中發(fā)動機機體和缸蓋的加工以自動線為主，曲軸、凸輪軸和連桿等主件以機械化生產(chǎn)為多，但線上插有工序為自動線。 7