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第2課時高瞻遠矚——鎖定主旨大意類題目,⊙怎么考主旨大意類題目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的寫作目的和文章標(biāo)題。常見的設(shè)問方式有：1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat________.2.Thepassageismainlyabout________.3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis________.,4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis________.5.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat________.6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith________.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?,⊙怎么學(xué)在平時的閱讀練習(xí)中，注意文章的體裁，把握作者的寫作目的與思路，學(xué)會抓主題句、主題段，關(guān)注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略讀與細讀的基本技巧，學(xué)會積累、尋找關(guān)鍵詞像themostimportant，finally等，像概括類詞therefore，inaword等。,⊙怎么解做此類題目時做到：1.高瞻遠矚，不可以偏概全；不可以個人的思想代替作者的思想。2.在了解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細考慮選項內(nèi)容與文章主題有沒有聯(lián)系；3.看選項內(nèi)容對文章概括得是否正確；4.要注意選項中所給出的題目范圍是否過大或過小。要避免以下三種錯誤：概括不夠，過度概括，以事實細節(jié)替代概括性強的大意。,5.找主題句的四個小竅門：①段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)時，其后的句子很可能是主題句。②首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句。③作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。④表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞或短語有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，inconclusion等。,【典例剖析1】體裁：說明文話題：房子與健康詞數(shù)：380時間：8′(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ，B)Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.,Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(難為情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesnthaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenitstimetorepaint，goblue.,Dontforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyoureatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake(攝入)jumpsby14percent.Andwellpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.,【語篇解讀】這是一篇科普說明文。短文主要說明了人的食量與房子粉刷的顏色、燈光的明暗等有著密切的關(guān)系。它們對人的身材會產(chǎn)生一定的影響。1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout________.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets答案B[推理判斷題。短文主要說明了飲食與室內(nèi)光線、墻壁的顏色、餐具的尺寸及進餐的速度等有著密切的關(guān)系。顯然這對于那些注重體型的人是有所幫助的。故答案為B。],2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites答案B[事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“...peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，藍色的用餐環(huán)境有助于減少食物攝入量。因此B項正確。],3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.答案C[事實細節(jié)題。由第四段第二句可知，進餐快的人比進餐慢的人每頓飯多消耗70卡路里的熱量。由此可知A項錯誤。由第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的“turnonrelaxingmusic”可知B項不對。而由第二段首句中的“turnupthelights”可知D項也是錯誤的。根據(jù)最后一段“whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintakejumpsby14percent.”也可直接推知答案為C。],4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?答案A[標(biāo)題歸納題。短文首句即為主題句：房子可能影響住戶的身材。接下來從房子的顏色、室內(nèi)燈光等方面說明了對飲食的影響。用A項作標(biāo)題，既能總括全文，又能吸引讀者。],【典例剖析2】體裁：議論文話題：社會生活詞數(shù)：266時間：5′(2014重慶卷，E)Itsgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbrulelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.,Itsundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情)，butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare，assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem，byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds，whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior？Ifourmindswereanopenbook，wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually，weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.,Moreover，wedontjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter－weinfercharactersthatwerenttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus，whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidnt.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.,Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake，peoplebecomewhattheydo，thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore，weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegutsadvice：“Wearewhatwepretendtobe，sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”,【語篇解讀】本文講述了人的性格和態(tài)度決定人的行為。5.Accordingtothepassage，personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto________.A.determineonesbehaviorB.reflectonestasteC.influenceonessurroundingsD.resultfromoneshabits答案A[事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Itsgenerallybelievedthat...andattitude.”可知性格和態(tài)度決定一個人的行為，故選A。],6.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateoneshonesty.B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Itsundeniablethat...aboutwhoweare.”可知拾金不昧表明人的誠實，故選A。],7.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句子可知如果我們不重復(fù)利用的話，妻子和鄰居會反對，可以推出我們會受外界壓力的影響，故選B。],8.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.答案C[主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Itsgenerallybelievedthat...andattitudes.”可知這是本文主題句，所以本文討論了性格和行為的關(guān)系，故選C。],