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Unit Five Part 1 Listening, Understanding and Speaking Listening I Keys Exercise 1 √1, √4, √5, √6, √7, √8 Exercise 2 ACDB Exercise 3 1) strange, 2) strange force, 3) very steep, 4) at the bottom, 5) watching 6) be punished, 7) in the darkness, 8)scared, 9)avoid ,10)exam, 11) interpreting dreams, 12) disappointing, 13) making mistakes, 14) symbol Exercise 4 Sample 1. I think Jennifer’s nightmare has something to do with her fear of failure, failure in exams, failure in living up to her Parents’ expectations etc. She probably didn’t do well at collage and she had experienced failures. What she feared in life was represented in her dream. 2. I often have nightmares and my nightmares are generally the same. One typical nightmare I have is that I am chased by someone and I try to run fast but I can’t. And usually when I am about to be caught I wake up, sometimes sweating all over. I’ve told people about it and the interpretation given is that my schedule is too tight most of the time. I don’t know how Freud would interpret it, but the interpretation seems to make sense. Script Part A Jennifer is talking to an interviewer about her nightmare. Jennifer: It was always the same. Always. I was in a house, a strange house, and I knew somehow that I shouldn’t have gone in. But there was some strange force pulling me. There were some stairs…very steep stairs… and I started to climb them, and … and then, suddenly fell. Then when I was at the bottom of the stairs, I suddenly realized that there was someone…or something else in the house with me, and that these eyes had been watching me all the time, and… I knew then that something terrible…was going to happen to me…that I was going to be punished…because I’d done something I shouldn’t have done. I didn’t know what it was, but I knew it was wrong, very wrong. Then I could hear it…whatever it was in the house with me…coming closer in the darkness, because everything was dark, you see, and it came closer and closer. And I was scared…and there was nothing, nothing I could do to avoid it…nothing. I was trapped! Trapped in that dark house at the bottom of the stairs. There was no way out. Interviewer: And how often… Jennifer: No way out ! Part B Interviewer: How often have you had this nightmare? Jennifer: When I was in college, just about every time I had an exam. And then, a few years later, when I was taking an intensive Italian course in Italy, I had the same dream again. Just the same as before. Interviewer: And you discussed it with a psychoanalyst ? Jennifer: Yes, later, after I came back to Los Angles, I started therapy, and this dream came up, and we discussed it quite a bit. Interviewer: And what did the psychoanalyst say? Jennifer: He said…uh…you have to be very careful about interpreting dreams, but we both agreed that the dream was a symbol of my fear of failure…of disappointing my parents when I was in college, for example, by failing my dreams, or…or when I was taking that Italian course, I remember how scared I was sometimes. Interviewer: Scared of what? Jennifer: Of making mistakes in class, in front of the teacher or the other students. I was always in fear. Interviewer: I see. Jennifer: And the dream was a kind of classic symbol of that fear…of the fear of failure. Falling down stairs in a dream is a symbol of that. The two words are very similar. Interviewer: Which…which two words? Oh, you mean… Jennifer: Yes, fall-fail, falling-failure. Very similar, aren’t they? Listening II Keys Exercise 1 1.C 2. A 3. I 4. H 5. F 6. D 7. J 8. G Exercise 2 1.Because dreams are closely related to wakng lives. 2.more women have careers. 3.The possible reasons is that they are making important decision about career , marriage and life direction. 4.solve problems. 5.Life experience /Biological conditioning and social conditioning , life stages and attitudes. Exercise 3 Sample 1. In Chinese culture, fish is a symbol of prosperity. As a dream symbol, fish, particularly salmon, is associated with knowledge and intelligence. If you dream about eating fish, it is believed that you gain knowledge and wisdom. 2. In dreams, the snake has many interpretations. It is regarded as a symbol of temptation or wisdom. It is also interpreted as someone trying to harm you in underhanded or sneaky manner. In Chinese culture, it is believed that snake is a symbol of fortune in a dream. 3. The sword in a dream is a symbol of power, authority, protection, or a need to cut away some part or aspect in your life. 4. Something that is covered with dust is something that has not been touched for a long time. Therefore, dust in a dream may be a symbol of a shut away emotion, fear, or desire within the conscious. 5. Houses in dreams are regarded by many psychoanalysts as representing one’s personality. If you dream about a beautiful house, you could have a positive self-image. If you dream that you keep moving from house to house, you may have been trying different aspects of your personality, or you may be trying to find out what kind of person you are. And the level of the room in the house is believed to indicate the depth of a particular part of personality in you unconscious. But the basement in a dream, for instance, can be as a symbol of the deepest part your personality. 6. Death in ad dream can mean the death or change to a part of your personality or the end of a certain phase in your life, For instance, if you dream that a friend dies, it could mean that you have ended up or you have been feeling the need to end up a period of time spent with them. Script New research shows that dreams are often distorted reflections of our daily life. many experts now believe our dreams are so closely related to our waking lives that we can use them to help us recognize our inner conflicts. According to some experts, men and women dream differently because of biological and social conditioning. In a study of 1000 dreams, half from each sex, experts found that men more often have action dreams .Usually these are set outdoors or in unfamiliar surroundings. Women dream more about emotional struggles with loved ones, usually in indoor settings. As more women have careers, their dreams might become more like man’s. Researchers have found that while housewives dream more about children, women in the workplace dream about bosses and colleagues. Small children who are easily scared dream about frightening animals and monsters that that chase and attack them. Teenagers dream about romance and sex. Some dream researchers found in a study that people between 21and 34 have more anxiety over issues of right and wrong in their dreams, possibly because they are making importance decisions about career, marriage and life direction. People of age 35 to 49 are much less hostile toward others in their dreams, perhaps because they are reaching their greatest achievement and have less need for aggression while awake. After age 65, anxiety about aging appears much more often in people’s dreams. If life stages affect our dreams, so do out attitudes. Studies show that angry people act out their anger in their dreams, and depressed people sometimes dream they are victim of rejection. Creative people often use their dreams to solve problems. According to the author Naomi Epel, when some writers, artists or scientists go to sleep, they ask their subconscious for a dream that will help them solve problems. Listening III Keys Exercise 1 √2, √3, √6 Exercise 2 CBCAC Exercise 3 Sample Advantages of daydreaming ●It helps kill boring time. ●It helps children develop and explore their imagination. ●It can reduce a person’s fear or anxiety. ●It can keep us awake under dull conditions. Disadvantages of daydreaming ●It can be a waste of time when you spend too much time daydreaming. ●Children’s problem-solving skills may weaken if they spend too much time daydreaming instead of putting their imagination into work. ●When you realize the wide gap between reality and daydreams, daydreaming can lead to greater anxiety and deeper frustration. ●It distracts our attention, and may lead to danger in certain situations, like when we are driving a car. Script Almost all people day dreaming during a normal day. We tend to daydreaming the most during those quiet times when we are alone in our cars, sitting in waiting rooms, or preparing for bed. day dreaming or fantasizing is not abnormal; it is a basic human characteristic. Most people have reported that they enjoy their day dreams . Some people have very probable and realistic daydreams while others have unrealistic fantasies such as inheriting a million dollars. Psychologists report that men daydream as much as women , but subject of their daydreams or fantasies is different. Men day dream more about being heroes and good athletes while women tend to daydream about fashions and beauty. As people grow older, they tend to fantasize less, although it is still common in old age. Older people tend to daydream a lot about the past. daydreaming or fantasizing enters into the games of children. Psychologists believe that it is very important for children to participate in fantasy play . It is a normal part of their development. It helps children develop and explore their imagination. Daydreaming has advantages and disadvantages In some situations it can reduce a persons fear or anxiety. can also keep us entertained or awake under dull or boring conditions. Unfortunately, to engage in a daydream or fantasy, we must divert part of our attention from our environment. When it is important for us to remain alert and pay attention to what is going on around us, day dreaming can cause problems. Listening IV Keys Exercise 1 1) parting 2)wrong 3) dream 4)night 5) none 6)seem 7)shore 8) sand 9)fingers 10) grasp 11) save 12) wave Exercise 1 Sample 1 The fifth line in the first stanza(詩節(jié)), “That my days have been a dream”, indicates that the poet regarded his life as a dream. 2 That last two lines of both stanzas are quite similar in the wording “ Is all that we see or seem/ But a dream within a dream,” which means that what we see, appear or hope is even more elusive than the life itself that we are living, and is, therefore, a dream within a dream. 3 The “grains of the golden sand” may have referred to the start of the “gold rush” in California in 1848, the year before the poem was written, Another interpretation is that it may symbolize the people or things that the poet had valued and treasured, as he was so eager to “grasp them with a tighter clasp”. 4) The “pitiless wave” can be interpreted in two ways. It can be viewed as symbolizing “time”, which is compared to “tide” in the saying “ Time and tide wait for no man”. Or it can be interpreted as “death” , which, just as “time”, sweeps away people around us, no matter how eagerly we’d like them to stay. Exercise 3 Sample 1 This poem may have been addressed to his beloved (could be his wife) in her death bed, who received a farewell kiss from the poet. This can be seen from the first two lines: “ Take this kiss upon the brow! And, in parting from you now,…” 2 The poet’s hope is expressed in the second stanza. He wished that he could hold onto people and things that he treasured. But he could not stop the time and death taking away his beloved, however hard he tried. His helplessness led to his confusion, which can be seen from more questions posed by the poet in the second stanza. Physically, the poem is very interestingly laid out in two stanzas, just like two layers of dreams: the first being “l(fā)ife”, a dream, and the second layer “hope”, a dream within a dream, which is more confusing than the first. This idea is very similar to that in the movie Inception (《盜夢空間》) --- the more layers of dreams have, the less stable they become. 3 The poet’s depressing tone may have resulted from his troubled and miserable life since his childhood. He felt betrayed by everyone. His mother, who died when he was a small child; his biological father, who abandoned him; his step father, who never legally adopted him and who, ultimately, cast him adrift; and, above all, his young dead wife, a beauty symbolizing purity and peace in his eyes. Life itself had seemingly thwarted (挫敗) his every hope and effort. Script A Dream Within A Dream Take this kiss upon the brow! And, in parting from you now, Thus much let me avow--- You are not wrong, who deem That my days have been a dream; Yes if hope has flown away In a night, or in a day, In a vision, or in none, Is it therefore the less gone? All that we see or seem Is but a dream within a dream. I stand amid the roar Of a surf-tormented shore, And I hold within my hand Grains of the golden sand--- How few! Yet how they creep Through my fingers to the deep, While I weep---while I weep! O God! Can I not grasp Then with a fighter clasp? O God! Can I not save One from the pitiless wave? Is all that we see or seem But a dream within a dream? Part 3 Viewing, Understanding and Speaking Keys Exercise 1 BACD Exercise 2 1. too good to be true 2. various kinds of 3. igonored 4. stand 5. has something to do with 6. gathering fruit 7. can’t afford 8. something wrong with 9. ripe, at hand 10. come true Exercise 4 Sample I had a dream after I watched the movie of the Harry Porter series. I was walking down a street when my shoes turned into a pair of roller skates. I skated on the pavement, and saw a section of the road suddenly collapsed. I was about to fall when my roller skaters turned into a broomstick! And before I knew it, I found myself flying in the sky, just as Harry Porter did in the movie. Script Mary: (She awakes from a sweet dream) Ah…Darling, everything is so wonderful! The sun, the air, the water… I feel as if I were in a dream. John: (He still reads the book with not much response.) A dream? Yes, a dream. Mary: Have a look at the beautiful scenery around you, darling. Don’t you think it’s too good to be true? John: Mm, maybe. Mary: Eh, you aren’t listening to me. What are you reading now? John: (He closes the book.) It’s Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams. Honey, have you ever wondered what’s … what’s the meaning of you dreams? You might get some satisfactory explanations for your dreams from this book, because Freud explains various kinds of dreams in it. Mary: It must be a very interesting book! Otherwise, you wouldn’t have ignored me. It seems to me that I’m not as attractive as Freud. John: Yes, it really is. Mary: Yes? ! You mean I’m not charming enough? I can hardly stand your rudeness. John: Of course not. I mean it’s really an interesting book. Freud says that everything in our dreams has something to do with our real life. Mary: Really? I often dream I’m gathering fruit in an orchard. What does fruit represent in our dreams? John: It predicts good fortune. You’ll be rich, honey. Mary: But the fact is we still can’t afford to buy a house. John: I have to admit that’s absolutely true. I spent about all I had on our honeymoon. Mary: Well, there must be something wrong with your interpretations, darling, I doubt whether dreams can predict the future. John: Before I can be more exact, you have to give me more details. Mary: What further information do you need? John: Well, honey, could you tell me what the color of the fruit is in your dreams? Mary: Er…the fruit doesn’t seem to be ripe. In my dreams, I think it’s green. John: I’ve got it. If the color of the fruit is green, you can’t be rich immediately, because only ripe fruit is interpreted as good fortune at hand. Mary: Oh? Are you sure about that? John: Definitely. I’ve just looked it up in Freud’s book. Mary: Then we’ll just have to wait and see? John: That’s right, honey. Do you have any other happy dreams? Mary: Yes. I had another one just now. It was so sweet that I smiled from ear to ear. Would you like to have another try, Mr. Freud? John: It’s my pleasure, madam. What happened in this dream? I guarantee you I can give you another good explanation. Mary: When I was dozing, I dreamed that you gave me a beautiful diamond necklace as memento of our wonderful honeymoon, what do you think that means? John: (He understands his wife’s actual intention and tries to find a way out.) Er…Er… I’m not sure. Er…maybe I’m not knowledgeable enough! But anyway I can turn to the book for help. Wait a minute! Mary: Take it easy, darling! I’m…I’m sure you know how you can make it come true. John: Too bad! Mary: What’s wrong? John: (He smiles cunningly at his wife.) I’m afraid Freud didn’t tell me how to interpret a daydream, only dreams at night. Mary: Daydream?! John: Yes, it must be a daydream since you had it during the day. Part 3 Video Appreciation and Singing for Fun Video Appreciation Keys Exercise 1 DEFF Exercise 2 1) Mix the sound 2) Drag you back 3) seagulls 4) taking a walk 5) police siren 6) pulls off the earphones 7) alarming dreams Exercise 3 1) remained alert 2) sounds of danger 3) the reason 4) are reliant on 5) alive Exercise 4 Sample ● I fell asleep after a session of yoga to a light, soft background music once. I dreamed that I was lying on a beach, basking in the sun, with the waves lapping gently against the rocks, and seagulls flying over me. It was so comfortable and relaxing that I felt energetic again after I woke up from the nap. ● I once traveled by train and saw a young mother fast asleep, with the passengers around chattering away. However, she seemed to be very alert to her 3- or 4-year-old’s cry, even if it was in a very low voice. As I saw it, we can sleep through the sounds that we don’t care about, but tend to be dragged back to wakefulness by sounds that worry us. ● I dreamed about taking a math test once before my college entrance examination. I was still struggling with one tough problem when the bell rang sharply, which signaled the end of the test. I felt like being paralyzed in my seat, unable to move a single inch. When I woke up in misery and sweat, I found the bell was nothing but my alarm clock. To a college entrance exam taker, the bell is indeed a very threatening sound signal. Script Episode 1 We live in a world of incessant sounds. During our waking hours, our ears are bombarded with noise. But what happens when we’re asleep? Sleep takes up a third of our lives, and that’s when we’re at our most vulnerable. So our sense of hearing never goes off duty. Even as we sleep our ears detect sounds,and our brain analyses them. But why is it that some noises feature in our dreams, while others can wrench us from our sleep? Weird Science goes into the sleeping brain and our evolutionary past to find out. Every night when we go to sleep our senses shut down, except for our sense of hearing, which stays alert to sounds beyond the bedroom. Sounds are just tiny movements of the air molecules around us, funneled down the ear canal to the eardrum. The moving air makes the eardrum vibrate, and these vibrations are amplified by the tiniest bones in the body and passed to the fluid-filled cochlea. Here, the vibrations send ripples through the fluid which move rows of microscopic hair cells. These create electrical signals sent to the brain. Episode 2 The brain may mix the sound into the visuals of your dreams, or drag you back to wakefulness. At Swansea University, Dr. Mrak Blaggrove studies the impact of different noises on the brains of sleeping volunteers. These electrodes allow Mark to monitor Sarah’s brainwaves while she sleeps. Once there are signs that she’s dreaming, he can test the effects of different sounds on her dreams. First she gets a blast of seagulls through her headphones. She sleeps through the noise. But has it changed he