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附錄1：外文翻譯 有軌巷道堆垛機(jī)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 1 概述 有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)是隨著立體倉庫的出現(xiàn)而發(fā)展起來的專用起重機(jī)，通常簡稱為堆剁機(jī)，堆垛機(jī)是立體倉庫中最重要的起重運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，是代表立體倉庫特征的標(biāo)志。其主要用途是： 在高層貨架倉庫的巷道內(nèi)沿軌道運(yùn)行，將位于巷道口的貨物存入貨格；或者相反，取出貸格內(nèi)的貨物運(yùn)送到巷道口，完成出入庫作業(yè)。2O世紀(jì)70年代初期，我國開始研究采用巷道式堆 垛機(jī)的立體倉庫，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，到目前已建成三百余座。 堆垛機(jī)做為立體倉庫中最重要的起重運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，也得到了較快的發(fā)展。 2 有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 按現(xiàn)行機(jī)械行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)分類方式多種 多樣。如按支承方式、用途，控制方式、結(jié)構(gòu)、運(yùn)行軌跡等分類。但無論何種類型的堆垛機(jī)，一般都由水平行走機(jī)構(gòu)、起升機(jī)構(gòu)、載貨臺及貨叉機(jī)構(gòu)、機(jī)架和電氣設(shè)備等基本部分組成。 在目前立體倉庫應(yīng)用中，堆垛機(jī)最常見的是按結(jié)構(gòu)形式和運(yùn)行軌跡分類。 2．1 有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 從結(jié)構(gòu)形式上區(qū)別 目前立體倉庫中堆垛機(jī)有雙立拄結(jié)構(gòu)和單立柱結(jié)構(gòu)。 雙立柱堆垛機(jī)。 雙立柱結(jié)構(gòu)的堆垛機(jī)機(jī)架由兩根立往和上橫粱、下橫梁組成一個(gè)長方形框架。立柱形式有方管和圓管。方管兼作起升導(dǎo)軌，圓管附加起升導(dǎo)軌 雙立柱堆垛機(jī)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)度和刷性都比較好，并且運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。一般對于起升高度較高、起重量較大和水平運(yùn)行速度高的立體倉庫堆垛機(jī)、多采用雙立柱結(jié)構(gòu)，雙立柱堆垛機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)、普遍采用鏈條傳動，由電機(jī)減速機(jī)驅(qū)動鏈輪轉(zhuǎn)動，通過鏈條牽引載貨臺沿立拄或起升導(dǎo)軌作升降運(yùn)動。由于鏈條傳動多采用封閉鏈或配重裝置受空問尺寸限制，傳動和布置較復(fù)雜．但定位精準(zhǔn)。 單立柱堆垛機(jī)。 單立柱結(jié)構(gòu)的堆垛機(jī)機(jī)架由一根立柱和下橫梁組成。立柱多采用較 大的H型鋼或焊接制作，立柱上附加導(dǎo)軌。整機(jī)重量較輕，消耗材料少，因此制造成本相對較低，但剛性稍差。由于載貨臺及貨物對立拄的偏心作用，以及行走、制動時(shí)產(chǎn)生的水平慣性力作用，使單立柱堆垛機(jī)在使用上有局限性。不適于起重量大和水平運(yùn)行速度高的堆垛機(jī)。單立柱堆垛機(jī)的起升結(jié)構(gòu)，普遍采用鋼絲繩傳動，由電機(jī)減速機(jī)驅(qū)動卷筒轉(zhuǎn)動，通過鋼絲繩牽引載貨臺沿立拄或起升鋼軌作升降運(yùn)動。對于鋼絲繩傳動，傳動和布置相對容易，但定位準(zhǔn)確性稍差。 有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行軌跡 堆垛機(jī)水平驅(qū)動裝置一般安裝在堆垛機(jī)下橫梁上，通過電 機(jī)減速機(jī)驅(qū)動車輪轉(zhuǎn)動，使堆垛機(jī)措水平方向運(yùn)行。此種地面驅(qū)動方式使用最為普遍。一般用兩個(gè)承重車輪，沿敷設(shè)在地面 上的軌道(通常亦叫地軌)運(yùn)行。通過下部兩組水平輪沿軌道運(yùn)行導(dǎo)向，在堆垛機(jī)頂部兩組導(dǎo)向輪沿上軌道(通常亦叫天軌)運(yùn)行輔助導(dǎo)向。按其運(yùn)行軌跡形式區(qū)別，有直線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)和曲線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)。 直線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)。 直線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)只能在巷道內(nèi)直線軌道上運(yùn)行，不能自行轉(zhuǎn)換巷道。只能通過其他輸送設(shè)備轉(zhuǎn)換巷道，如堆垛機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)車。直線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高速運(yùn)行，能夠滿足出入庫頻率較高的立體倉庫作業(yè)，應(yīng)用最為廣泛。 曲線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)車輪與下橫梁是通過垂直軸鉸接的，能夠在環(huán)形或其他曲線軌道上運(yùn)行，即可走曲線，不通過其他輸送設(shè)備便可以從一個(gè)巷道自行轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)巷道。此種堆垛機(jī)通常亦叫做轉(zhuǎn)軌堆垛機(jī)。曲線運(yùn)行型堆垛機(jī)在使用上有局限性，只適用于出入庫頻率較低的立體倉庫。因?yàn)椴坏珗龅匾艿睫D(zhuǎn)彎半徑的限制，而且轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)速度特別慢，不能滿足出人庫頻率高的立體倉庫作業(yè)。、 有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢 隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)技術(shù)也在不斷提高和完善。世界主要工業(yè)國家都把著眼點(diǎn)放在開發(fā)性能可靠的新產(chǎn)品和采用高新拄術(shù)上 更加注重實(shí)用性和安全性。 在堆垛機(jī)方面，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)看到和世界先進(jìn)國家的差距，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)找出不足，打破傳統(tǒng)思路，推出具有新的外形和更高性能的堆垛機(jī)。在使堆垛機(jī)具有更高定位精度的同時(shí)，提高運(yùn)行速度，以獲得更短的操作周期和更大的生產(chǎn)能力。 相信，通過我們的不斷努力 更加高速、安全、可靠的堆垛機(jī)將不斷從國外引進(jìn)消化到國內(nèi)，使有軌巷道堆垛起重機(jī)發(fā)展到一個(gè)更新的階段。 附錄2：外文原文 Technology status and Development trend of Stacking crane. 1 Overview Stacking crane is a special crane as of version of the warehouse and developed to appearSpecial crane, commonly referred to as the pile of chop machine, piling machine is three-dimensional storehouse of the most important lifting transportation equipment, represents the sign of three-dimensional warehouse characteristics. Its main use is: In the top shelf of the warehouse in orbit, will be located at the mouth of the goods in goods mesh; Or the opposite, take out loans in case the goods to the mouth of roadway, the loading and unloading finish homework. 2 O the early 70 s, China began to research the type of machine of roadway when the three-dimensional warehouse, according to not complete count, up to now has been built more than three hundred seats. Stacking machine as a three-dimensional storehouse of the most important lifting transportation equipment, also obtained fast development. 2 version of the present situation of stacking crane technology. According to the current machinery industry standard, the position of the stacking crane classification of ways. E.g. by supporting mode, use, the method of control, structure, operation such as classified track. But no matter what type of stacking machine, is general by the mobile mechanism, level of lifting mechanism, manifest Taiwan and goods fork institutions, frame and electrical equipment, and other basic parts. In the present application of three-dimensional warehouse, stacking machine is the most common in the form of the structure and operation track classification. 2.1 version of the good way of spider crane structure From the structure form difference at present in the warehouse stacker has a double set on structure and single pillar structure. double pillar stacker. Double post the stacker frame structure by two root made on the beams, and to form a rectangle beam under the framework. Pillar form well pipe and pipe. Square tube and be lifting guide rail, pipe additional hoisting guide double pillar stacker the biggest advantage is the strength and the brush sex are quite good, and smooth operation. General for lifting height, weight and higher up large speed high level of three-dimensional storehouse stacker, many with double pillar structure, double pillar stackers lifting mechanism, widespread use of the chain transmission, by motor reducer drive sprockets rotation, through the chain traction machine parts made on or along the hoisting guide for lifting movement. Due to the chain transmission used more closed chain or balance by empty asked size limit device, transmission and decorate a complicated. But positioning precision. single pillar stacker. Single pillar of stacker frame structure by a root of the pillar and beam. Pillar used more larger h-beam or welding production, pillar additional guide. The weight of the lighter, consume little material, so manufacturing relatively low cost, but the rigid is a bit poor. Because parts of Taiwan and the goods on the eccentricity of the opposite effect, and walk, the braking force level from the effect, make single pillar stacker in used on have limitations. Not suitable for lifting weight and the running speed of the high level of stacking machine. Single pillar stackers hoisting structure, the widespread use of the wire rope transmission, by motor reducer drive drum rotating, through the wire rope traction machine parts made on or along the lifting rails for lifting movement. For wire rope transmission, transmission and decorate relatively easy, but positioning accuracy is a bit poor. Version of stacking crane to track the performance Stacker level drive general installation in stacker next beam, through the electricity Machine speed reducer drive wheel rotation, make stacker level concerning the direction. This ground driving way most common use. General use two bearing wheel, and along the laying on the ground track (usually also called to rail) operation. Through the bottom two groups of level round orbit direction, the top two groups in stacker guide wheel along in orbit (usually also called day rail) operation auxiliary oriented. According to the running track form difference, there is a straight line type stacker and curve operation type stacking machine. L straight lines type stacking machine. Straight line type stacker can only be in the roadway straight orbit, unable to convert roadways. Only through the other transportation equipment of transformation, such as stacker car transport. Straight line type stacker can realize the operation, and can satisfy the loading and unloading higher frequency three-dimensional storehouse homework, most widely used. curve operation type stacking machine. Curve operation type stacking locomotive wheels and the beam under the vertical axis of the hinged, can be in the ring or other curve orbit, can go curve, not through the other transportation equipment can then from a roadway to transfer to another roadways. Such stacker usually also called transition stacker. Curve operation type stacker in used on have limitations, only applies to the loading and unloading frequency low three-dimensional storehouse. Because not only by the turning radius to the limit, and turning special slow speed, and cant meet the person library of frequency and high warehouse operation. The position of the roadway stacking crane development trend. Along with the development of modern industrial production, stacking crane technology of version continuously improved and perfected. The worlds major industrial countries starting point on the development of new products and reliable performance and high on the operation on pay more attention to the practicality and safety. In stacker, we shall see and world advanced nation gap, summarizing the experience find out the deficiency, break traditional ideas, has introduced new appearance and higher performance stacker. In make stacking machine has higher precision at the same time, increase speed to get shorter operation cycle and more production ability. Believe that, through our continuous efforts more high speed, safe and reliable heap when the machine will continue to digest imported from abroad domestic, make the position of stacking crane development roadway to an update to the stage.