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專題16 完形填空之夾敘夾議類 【2017年高考命題預測】 縱觀近幾年的高考完形填空的考查走勢，全國18套卷中的完形填空中，夾敘夾議類完形填空出現(xiàn)的幾率還是很高的。因此，夾敘夾議類完形填空將繼續(xù)成為高考命題的熱點。 【考點定位】2017考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布 英語考試大綱對考生完形填空的能力要求：通篇把握全文，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，綜合運用所學語言基礎知識，進行分析﹑推理﹑判斷，把握語篇特征，具有一定的語篇分析理解能力。完形填空檢測考生在閱讀理解的基礎上對英語語言知識綜合運用的能力。 不同體裁、不同主題的文章，其語段就會使用不同的寫作模式。夾敘夾議完形填空的特點是篇幅略長，起點高，容量大，思路跳躍性強。記敘和議論在文中交錯運用。有的是議論引出記敘；有的是在記敘的基礎上發(fā)出議論。夾敘夾議文的主題明確，或告訴讀者一個道理，或引人啟示，或給人樂趣。 近年來，夾敘夾議類文章在高考完形填空中出現(xiàn)的頻率越來越高。此類文章題材較貼近考生生活實際，內(nèi)容積極且有教育意義;結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，脈絡有序;以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合，敘述靈活，側(cè)重語境。解答夾敘夾議類完形填空題時，思維要靈活，要隨著記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式。 高考完形填空的選材多為夾敘夾議的文章。文章較易讀懂，所設選項多為基礎題。每個空都需要考生逾越句子甚至段落，聯(lián)系上下文語境和詞匯的具體意義進行理解和推斷，才能得出正確答案。題材廣泛，涉及的內(nèi)容豐富，重點考查實詞，兼顧虛詞。 夾敘夾議完形填空多知識性強，趣味性濃厚。根據(jù)今年的高考英語完形填空的命題特點，預測2015年的完形填空題所選材料將更加貼近考生生活實際，內(nèi)容更加積極、時尚，融知識性、教育性和趣味性為一體。選用材料的難度仍將保持適中，英語語言難度略低于同等水平要求的閱讀理解試題，但會更加強調(diào)語篇分析和理解的連貫性。 【考點Pk】 名師考點透析 英語完形填空在考查語法、表達法、詞語搭配的基礎上重點考查對語篇的整體理解、前后的邏輯關系的把握。經(jīng)反復研究完形填空原題后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)主要有以下考點: 考點1考杳語法規(guī)則 考考生語法知識的運用能力。近年來完形填空中單純考查語法知識的題一般不考，只是偶爾有個別考題。例如： “Can I? I dont think I can； Tracy said with a laugh. “But I do have when things come to me for no reason.” A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments 【解析】由后面的when引導的定語從句可知，前面的先行詞應是表時間的詞，所 以先 moments。 考點2.考查固定搭配 考查考生對常見的英語固定短語和習慣用法的掌握情況。如動詞與名詞的搭配；動詞與介詞或副詞的搭配；介詞與名詞的搭配等。這類搭配在完形填空中時有出現(xiàn)。如： I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ______ the telephone. A. with B. by C. from D. on 考點3. 考查詞語辨析 考查考生在特定語境中區(qū)別近義詞的能力。四個選項詞性相同，意義相近，要求我們在特定的語境中區(qū)分它們之間的細微差別。一般說來，其中的兩個選項容易排除，難辨的是兩個。如： Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ______ qualities. First of all… A. basic B. special C. common D. particular 【解析】根據(jù)句意很容易排除A和C；難辨是的B和D。special強調(diào)“與眾不同的”，而particular指“值得注意的”，故選B。 考點4. 考查行文邏輯 考查考生對上下文邏輯關系的理解，如轉(zhuǎn)折關系、讓步關系、因果關系、遞進關系、增補關系、比較關系、對比關系等。四個選項都是表示文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫等邏輯關系的詞語。如： Once he ______ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only 【解析】從上下文看為了使教學有趣易懂，這位哲學教授不僅僅會借助oil paintings, music, and guest lectures等方式，“甚至”(even)在課堂上唱歌也就順理成章了。遞進關系。 考點5. 考查經(jīng)驗常識 考查考生在日常的學習和生活中所積累的經(jīng)驗和基本常識，以及一些基本的科學常識。如： But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ______. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing 考點6. 考查文章結(jié)構(gòu) 考查考生對文章脈絡層次的把握能力。如： First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…______, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore 【解析】本文的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)很清楚：開篇點題——難忘的哲學教授；諸條陳述——何以難忘：前有 First of all 提起, 后有 Finally 落腳，那么中間只有用 Secondly 來過渡了。 考點7. 考查邏輯推理 考查考生根據(jù)文意和所掌握的知識經(jīng)驗進行簡單的邏輯推理來確定選項的能力。如： He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ______, but what I was feeling was pure happiness… A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure 【解析】一個學生的作品被老師選中且在班上宣讀時該會是怎樣的心情?我們不難判斷：愉快！ 考點8. 考查前后語境 考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進行分析及推理的能力。完形填空題中絕大多數(shù)屬這種題型。有的根據(jù)上文、有的根據(jù)下文、有的要上下文結(jié)合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正確的選擇。如： “As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ______.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.” A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer 【解析】根據(jù)下文，這個婦女告訴他第二天可以去上班了，可見，她認為作者是適合(suit)的。 【三年高考】 14、15、16高考試題及其解析 2016年高考試題 【2016全國新課標II】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(裝置)on your desk. And they’ve never actually 21 you. Everything they know about you 22 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 25 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 26 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 27 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. I sometimes wished to 29 another agent. One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 31 . The woman sitting at the desk, 32 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 33 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 34 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 37 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 38 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 39 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 40 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 21. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met 22. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed 23. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed 24. A. rather B. also C. just D. already 25. A. Telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression 26. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate 27. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose 28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused 29. A. promote B. train C. find D. know 30. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book 31. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time 32. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding 33. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced 34. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list 35. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully 36. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant 37. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless 38. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever 39. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness 40. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. Behavior 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 21.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。動詞accept接受；notice注意；hear聽說；聽見；meet遇見；根據(jù)第一句可知很多人只是通過電話了解你，你們也許從來都沒有見過面，只是通過電話交流。故D正確。 22.A 考查動詞短語。動詞move移動；run奔跑；develop發(fā)展，開發(fā)；短語come from來自于....；他們對你的了解來自于電話，因為你們之間的距離通常非常遙遠，甚至在千里之外。，與BCD三項的動詞語義不搭配。故A正確。 23.B 考查上下文串聯(lián)。雖然你們之間的距離很遠，但是他們只要通過你的聲音，就可以了解你。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以使用副詞yet串聯(lián)前后語義。故B正確。 24.C 考查副詞辨析。副詞rather相當?shù)?；also也；just只是；already已經(jīng)；本句使用just表示強調(diào)，別人只要通過聲音就可以了解你。故C正確。 25.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)26空后“only by phone”可知本文介紹的是電話，人們可以通過電話了解你。故A正確。 26.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate準確的；本空前的but說明上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，電話雖然很強大，但是也并不是很準確。與ABC三項語義不搭配。故D正確。 27.A 考查介詞辨析。介詞in person親自，by myself靠自己；in public當眾；on purpose故意地；A項與空前的faceless形成呼應，Rani是代理人，但是我們從來沒有碰過面。故A正確。 28.A 考查上下文串聯(lián)。空前的cold voice可知Rani在電話里的聲音很冷漠，和讓我很不高興，甚至想過要另外找一個代理人。說明我對他的聲音很反感。故A正確。 29.C 考查上下文串聯(lián)。動詞promote提拔；train訓練；find尋找，找到；know知道；正是因為Rani的聲音讓我很不舒服，所以我曾經(jīng)想過另外找代理人取代他。故C正確。 30.D 考查動詞辨析。動詞arrange預定；postpone推遲；confirm確認；book預定；因為家庭中的緊急事情我要立刻預定回家的航班。動詞book與flight相搭配。故D正確。 31.A 考查介詞短語。短語for the first time第一次；at any time隨時；from time to time時而不時；in good time及時，迅速；因為情況緊急，所以我第一次親自來到Rani的辦公室。故A正確。 32.B 考查動詞辨析。動詞expect期待，預料；see看見；test檢測；avoid避免；她看到了我的著急，Rani非常同情我，給了我安慰的笑容。動詞see與上下文搭配一致。 33.B 考查形容詞辨析。形容詞shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的；她看到我很著急，笑著安慰我。故B正確。 34.C 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)30空可知我要預定回家的航班的機票，本句中Rani很快幫我把機票打印出來。故C正確。 35.C 考查上下文串聯(lián)。副詞hopefully充滿希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遺憾地；對方如此迅速地幫我把機票打印出來，而且一直面帶微笑，這讓我心存感激。故C項正確。 36.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞careful細心的；serious嚴肅的，認真的；nervous緊張的；pleasant令人愉快的；現(xiàn)實生活中的Rani富有同情心，待人熱情大方。是一個令人愉快的相處對象。所以當我轉(zhuǎn)身時，看見的是與電話中完全不一樣的Rani。故D項正確。 37.D 考查上下文串聯(lián)。現(xiàn)實生活中的她是如此的體貼大方，而我之前卻認為她很冷漠，甚至有了要另找代理的想法，我真是無話可說。說明電話中得到的印象有時很不準確。故D項正確。 38.B 考查上下文串聯(lián)。在文章28空前“cold”以及前句“...she was cold”之前我因為Rani很冷漠，但卻沒有想到實際生活中的Rani是如此的美好善良。故B項正確。 【名師點睛】 本篇完形填空很好地體現(xiàn)出重在考查語篇理解能力，且不在情節(jié)上、詞匯考查大做文章的趨勢。其中對于語篇的上下文復現(xiàn)考查非常之多，有一半左右的答案可以在上下文中找到。如，根據(jù)第一段的描述，以及26空后“only by phone”可知本文介紹的是電話，人們可以通過電話了解你。 語篇復現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復現(xiàn)、概括詞復現(xiàn)和代詞復現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關、意義相關的詞匯同時出現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案。如： Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew___44___,dressedneatly. A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion 【分析】名詞同現(xiàn)，空格前出現(xiàn)了room,furniture,curtains,aTV等同現(xiàn)信息可知坐在鋪好的床上的是“我”的室友。 考點：考查夾敘夾議類閱讀 2015年高考試題 專題19 完形填空之夾敘夾議 １.【2015浙江】完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分，滿分20分) 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21-40各題所給的四個選項(A, B, C和D) 中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。 Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高級管理人員) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 21 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 22 , they seem to have it made. On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Longtime roommates, and 24 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars. The thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 28 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 . People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 32 the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s 34 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押貸款）to 35 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 36 in their lives, but it’s 37 to step off the track. In a society that tends to 38 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most. 21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project 31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take of B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 22.B 考查名詞以及對語境的理解。 A. policies意為政策，B. standards意為標準，C. experiments意為實驗，D. regulations意為規(guī)章制度。根據(jù)句意，以當前的標準來看，他們的確成功了。 23.A 考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. last意為最后的，B. least 意為最少的，C. second意為第二，D. best意為最好的。根據(jù)第21題不難得出生活好了，以后都不會去（這是最后一次去）這些廉價的酒吧了，也搬到好的地方住了。所以選A。 24.B 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. cycled意為騎車或循環(huán)，B. moved意為搬家，C. slid 意為滑落，D. looked意為看。根據(jù)第21題不難得出生活好了，以后都不會去（這是最后一次去）這些廉價的酒吧了，也搬到好的地方住了。所以選A。 25.C 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. shared意為分享，B. paid 意為支付，C. equaled意為等同，D. collected意為收集，They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college year’s monthly rent.句意是：生活好了，預訂的房間里的酒價格等同于大學一個月的房租。 26. C 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。 A. advertise意為廣告，B. witnessed意為目擊，C. admitted 意為承認，D. demanded意為要求?！癟he thing is, a number of them have 26 that despite their success, they aren’t happy.” 意為很多人承認，盡管他們很成功，但是很不開心。 27. A 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. complain意為抱怨，B. dream意為夢想，C. hear 意為聽到，D. approve意為證明。根據(jù)上一句的不開心，所以不難得出答案是抱怨。 28. B 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. distribute意為分發(fā)，B. hate意為厭惡，C. applaud意為鼓掌，D. neglect意為忽略。根據(jù)上文的不開心和抱怨，不能得出答案是厭惡。 29. D 考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. calm意為平靜，B. guilty意為有罪的，C. warm意為溫暖，D. empty意為空的，累的。根據(jù)前面的tired累不能得出答案。Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29 。意為有些人不尊重他們工作的公司，說累。 30. C 考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. family意為家庭，B. government意為政府，C. lifestyle意為生活方式，D. project意為項目。前文提到很多都是生活，如學校生活，工作生活，結(jié)合語境不能得出答案是生活方式。 32. A 考查連詞以及對語境的理解。A. yet意為但是，表轉(zhuǎn)折，B. also 意為也，表遞進，C. instead 意為代替，D. rather意為相反。此句是長難句。意為：人們總是說走一種滿意的道路，但是最后，離開現(xiàn)在的工作去做一些他們相信或者是一種可以和家人在一起的職務的想法最終都得出一個這樣的結(jié)論：這是不可能的。根據(jù)句意，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折的關系，所以選A。 33. D 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. let out 意為發(fā)出，B. turn in意為上交，歸還，C. give up 意為放棄，D. believe in意為相信。此句是長難句。意為：人們總是說走一種滿意的道路，但是最后，離開現(xiàn)在的工作去做一些他們相信或者是一種可以和家人在一起的職務的想法最終都得出一個這樣的結(jié)論：這是不可能的。 34. C 考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. fundamental意為基本的，B. practical意為實踐的，C. impossible意為不可能的，D. unforgettable意為難忘的。此句是長難句。意為：人們總是說走一種滿意的道路，但是最后，離開現(xiàn)在的工作去做一些他們相信或者是一種可以和家人在一起的職務的想法最終都得出一個這樣的結(jié)論：這是不可能的。 35. D 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. take of 意為起飛，B. drop off 意為減少，C. put off意為推遲，D. pay off意為支付。根據(jù)mortgage（抵押貸款）以及結(jié)合常識，不難得出答案。 36.A 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. missing意為失去，B. inspiring意為鼓舞，C. sinking 意為沉沒，D. shining意為閃亮。句意是為他們意識到，在生活中失去missing了一些什么，但是他們卻很難離開這個軌跡。根據(jù)句意不難得出答案。 37.B 考查形容詞以及對語境的理解。A. harmful 意為有害的，B. hard 意為困難的，C. useful意為有用的，D. normal意為正常的。句意是為他們意識到，在生活中失去了一些什么，但是他們卻很難hard離開這個軌跡。根據(jù)句意不難得出答案。 38.A 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. measure 意為衡量，B. suffer意為遭受，C. digest意為消化，D. deliver意為運送。句意為當前的社會，人們趨向于用錢來衡量measure所有的事情，我們在很小的時候就知道，應該考慮我們決定的經(jīng)濟代價。 39.D 考查名詞以及對語境的理解。A. disasters 意為災難，B. motivations意為動機，C. campaigns意為戰(zhàn)役，D. decisions意為決定。句意為當前的社會，人們趨向于用錢來衡量所有的事情，我們在很小的時候就知道，應該考慮我們決定decisions的經(jīng)濟代價。 40.B 考查動詞以及對語境的理解。A. assessed意為評估，B. involved意為涉及，C. covered意為覆蓋，D. reduced意為減少。Involved in 意為參與。句意為：那么，在追求錢高于意義的情況下，我們的參與的個人以及社會代價呢？ 【考點定位】夾敘夾議的一篇文章 【名師點睛】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，沒有生詞，主要是考查上下文理解和單詞理解。需要正確理解4個單詞的選項，尤其要注意一些一詞多義的地方。也要注意題目與題目直接的關系，如21題和24題；26，27和28題；32，33和34題。這是一項綜合運用的能力，有時候也需要結(jié)合常識，如35題。 ２.【2015安徽】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造業(yè)) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem 37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products 38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change 39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw 40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of 41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful 42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy 44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve 46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for 48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away 50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences 51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of 55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 37. B 考查名詞辨析。A禮物；B垃圾；C債務；D產(chǎn)品。句意：因為人們現(xiàn)在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆積成了山，故選B。 38. B 考查動詞辨析。句意：A面對；B變得；C觀察，慶祝；D改變。根據(jù)“first of all...”可知，這里講的是亂扔垃圾的原因，故選B。 39. C 考查動詞辨析。A躲藏；B控制；C代替；D撤退，收回。句意：與花時間和錢修理相比，現(xiàn)在更容易更換物品，故選C。 40. A 考查短語辨析。A多虧；B至于；C除了；D不管。句意：多虧了當代制造業(yè)和技術，公司能夠更快地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，成本也降低很多，故選A。 41. C 考查形容詞辨析。A安全的；B滑稽的；C便宜的；D強有力的。根據(jù)“inexpensively”可知，成本降低的話，產(chǎn)品價格相對也會降低，故選C。 42. A 考查名詞辨析。A愛；B缺少；C阻止；D劃分。句意：另一個原因是人們對一次性產(chǎn)品的鐘愛，故選A。 43. D 考查形容詞辨析。A敏感的；B友好的；C勇敢的；D忙碌的。根據(jù)“we are aways looking for...”可知，人們總是在節(jié)省時間，說明人們很忙碌，故選D。 44. A 考查名詞辨析。A方法；B地方；C工作；D朋友。a way to do sth做某事的方法，是固定搭配，故選A。 45. C 考查動詞辨析。A捐贈；B收到；C生產(chǎn)；D保存。句意：企業(yè)生產(chǎn)大量的一次性產(chǎn)品，故選C。 46. D 考查動詞辨析。A適應，改編；B返回；C回應；D做貢獻。adapt to適應；return to返回，歸還；respond to反應；contribute to為......做貢獻，促成，有助于。句意：人們對新產(chǎn)品的欲望促成了這一問題，故選D。 47. B 考查短語辨析。A厭倦；B沉迷于；C擔心；D感到羞恥。根據(jù)“appetite”可知，人們癡迷于購買新產(chǎn)品，故選B。 48. A 考查形容詞比較級。A更新的；B更強壯的；C更高的；D更大的。句意：廣告使人們相信新的更好，故選A。 49. D 考查動詞短語。A撿起，學會，車接；B支付；C抓住，堅持；D扔掉。句意：人們?nèi)拥糇约旱奈锲穪頌樾碌尿v地方，故選D。 50. D 考查名詞辨析。A有點，有利條件；B目的；C功能，作用；D后果。根據(jù)下句可知，這里指的是亂扔垃圾的后果，故選D。 51. C 考查動詞辨析。A顯示，展示；B記錄；C減少；D測量。句意：越來越多的政府要求人們循環(huán)使用物品，這樣做是為了減少垃圾，故選C。 【考點定位】社會類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】本篇是一篇比較貼近生活的文章，講的是一次性產(chǎn)品給環(huán)境造成的壓力。文章還建議人們養(yǎng)成循環(huán)利用的習慣，一以此來減少垃圾的產(chǎn)生并減輕環(huán)境的壓力。主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞義和辨析。做題時需要聯(lián)系前后句和上下文進解題，還要注意固定搭配。 ３.【2015湖南】Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be 36 , but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the 37 of my job as a music teacher, I thought -- teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was 38 inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: "Put your heads on the desks and close your 39 ! We are going on a journey." 40 , the children fell silent. "Now what should I do?" I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I blindly 41 , pu