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LessonOneWhereDoWeGoFromHere?,HighlightsReview,1:倍數(shù)表達(dá),Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.Therearetwiceasmanyunemployed.TherateofinfantmortalityamongNegroesisdoublethatofwhitestherearetwiceasmanyNegroesdyinginVietnamaswhitesinproportiontotheirsizeinthepopulation.OnetwentiethasmanyNegroesaswhitesattendcollege.(parag.2),4semiotics,Semiotics:ageneralphilosophicaltheoryofsignsandsymbolsthatdealsespeciallywiththeirfunctioninbothartificiallyconstructedandnaturallanguagesandcomprisessyntactics,semantics,andpragmatics,4:semiotics,Semantics:Thestudyorscienceofmeaninginlanguageforms語義學(xué)Syntactics:Thestudyoftheruleswherebywordsorotherelementsofsentencestructurearecombinedtoformgrammaticalsentences句法Pragmatics:Thestudyoflanguageasitisusedinasocialcontextandaffectstheinterlocutorsandtheirbehavior語用學(xué),4:RogetsThesaurus,thesaurus:Abookofsynonyms,oftenincludingrelatedandcontrastingwordsandantonyms同類詞匯編,4:whiteandblack,Whitelieisasetphrase,meaningalieconcerningatrivialmatter,oftenonetoldtosparesomeonesfeelings.BlacklieiscoinedbythespeakerplayingontheearliermentioneddefinitionofblackbyRngetsThesaurus.blacksheep:afamilymembershunnedbecauseofdisreputablebehavior敗家子,4:antonyms,Despise(lookdownupon)Adore(honorhighly)Superiorityinferiority,,,6:confrontation,,theforcesofpowerdemandingchangeItindicatesblackpeople’sfighting,theforcesofpowerdedicatedtothepreservingofthestatusquoItindicatesthewhitesupremacists’containingblackpeople’sfighting,7haveproblemswithpower,,LoveOntheonehand,wearepreachersofGod’steachings,ofloveandpeace;wehavemoralbeliefsandconcerns,PowerOnetheotherhand,thecommonconceptofpowerisforce,physicalforce.,Thesetwothingshavebeencontrastedaspolaropposites.Thatiswhypreachershaveproblemswithpower,7:Polaropposites,Someofourphilosophers’misinterpretation(offbase:mistaken),Love:ResignationorgivingUpofpower,Power:Denialoflove,8Misinterpretationofpowerandlove,Butthetruthis:powerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(antithesis),Nietzsche’swilltopower,Rejectionoflove,Theologian’slove,rejectionofthewilltopower,8:properunderstanding:integration/compatibility,,Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Translate?,8,權(quán)力實(shí)施正義之要求，其至善在于為了仁愛；正義蕩除仁愛之阻力，其至善在于擁有權(quán)力。devoidof:without,9:Chiasmus,[kaizm?s]交錯(cuò)配列Adevicethatconsistsoftwobalancedstatements,thesecondofwhichreversestheorderofthewordsinthefirst,withorwithoutarepetitionofwordsE.g.Collisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmorality邪惡的權(quán)力與無力的道義之沖突Welivetoeat,noteattolive.Hewasanangelonthesurface,butatheartaknave(流氓).,12,事實(shí)上，人們改善人類生存條件，傳播知識、增強(qiáng)實(shí)力、豐富文學(xué)以及升華思想，所有這些事情并不是為了謀生。受制于活計(jì)、工頭或動物本能的奴隸是不會做這些事情的。只有人，找到了某種工作的人，工作帶來了生存的安全，工作使他的生活不再匱乏，這樣的人才會從事有利于人類福祉的事業(yè)！,13,這樣的工作可以大規(guī)模的增加。與其先解決住房和教育問題再來消滅貧困，還不如先廢除貧困。人們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，有了錢，住房和教育自然會得到改善。,17suchas,引導(dǎo)從句：suchas(+S)+VWehadhopedtogiveyouachancesuchasnobodyelseeverhad.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletofurnishinformationsuchasisnotfurnishedby99%ofthenewspapersintheUnitedStates.,18,paralleledparadoxes:Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdontsolve,answersthatdontanswerandexplanationsthatdontexplain.,19Parallelism,Iamconcernedaboutabetterworld.Imconcernedaboutjustice.Imconcernedaboutbrotherhood.Imconcernedabouttruth.Andwhenoneisconcernedaboutthese,hecanneveradvocateviolence.,19Antithesis,Forthroughviolenceyoumaymurderamurdererbutyoucantmurdermurder.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderaliarbutyoucantestablishtruth.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderahater,butyoucantmurderhate.Darknesscannotputoutdarkness.Onlylightcandothat.,20Parallelismandclimax,AndIhaveseentoomuchhate.IveseentoomuchhateonthefacesofsheriffsintheSouth.IveseenhateonthefacesoftoomanyKlansmenandtoomanyWhiteCitizensCouncilorsintheSouthtowanttohatemyself,…,Rhetoricaldevicesin25,(1)Parallelstructure:11sentencesbeginningwith"letusbedissatisfieduntil"andtwoshortsentencesof"letusbedissatisfied“(2)Antithesis:a)outercityofwealthandcomfortvs.innercityofpovertyanddespairb)darkyesterdaysvs.brighttomorrows;C)onthebasisofthecontentoftheircharactervsonthebasisofthecoloroftheirskin,Rhetoricaldevicesin25,(3)MetaphorsandSimiles:thebatteringramsoftheforcesofjustice;thejunkheapsofhistory;justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream,Rhetoricaldevicesin25,(4)biblicalallusion:whenthelionandthelambshallliedowntogethereverymanwillsitunderhisownvineandfigtreeandnoneshallbeafraid(5)Anaphora([?nf?r?]首語重復(fù)法):therhetoricaldeviceofrepeatingawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesorsentences,Rhetoricaldevicesin25,（6）Transferredepithet:Tragicwalls（7）synecdoche：Letusbedissatisfieduntilfromeverycityhall,justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream.(municipalgovernment)(8)alliteration:"Andthelionandthelambshallliedowntogether,Synecdoche(提喻法),ThesubstitutionofthepartforthewholeOrthewholeforthepartNameofmaterialforthethingmadeThecontainerforthethingcontainedorviceversaThethingwornthewearerE.g.:,Synecdoche(提喻法),Theyareshortofhandsatharvesttime.Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.Thereisbreadandworkforall.Thenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.,Synecdoche(提喻法),Hewalkedtheboardsforaliving.(thestage)Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.(dressesmadeofsilkandsatin)Cottonsuitsyou.(garmentsmadeofcotton)Thekettleisboiling.(waterinthekettle),Synecdoche(提喻法),Iarrivedattheschooljustthreefeettallandfatlywrappedinmyscarves.Theplaygroundroaredlikearodeo(競技會),…Oldboots,raggedstockings,torntrousersandskirts,wentskatingandskiddingaround.,25:ahighbloodpressureofcreedsandananemiaofdeeds,Creed:astatementofbelief,principles,oropinionsonanysubject信條Translatethewholesentence?讓我們心懷不滿，一直到美國的頑癥——信條上是高血壓、行動上是貧血癥——康復(fù)的那一天,25:"whitepower”and"blackpower",Whitepowerreferstotheviewofwhitesupremacists.Thesepeoplethinkthewhitesaresuperiorraciallyandtheyshouldcontrolpowerandrunthecountry.TheyopposedesegregationandtheCivilRightsmovement.Blackpower:seeNote23,26antithesis,…whenthebuoyancyofhopewillbetransformedintothefatigueofdespair.Translate?希望之輕松愉快將變成絕望之筋疲力盡,26:v-ncollocation,Ourdreamswillsometimesbeshatteredandouretherealhopesblasted.etherealhopes:崇高的希望Blast:destroybyusingexplosives,27:Whenourdaysbecomedreary…,1.Metaphor:low-hoveringcloudsofdespair;giganticmountainsofevil2.Antithesis:darkyesterdayvs.brighttomorrow3.Paradox:astatementthatappearstobelogicallycontradictoryandyetmaybetrue,thepurposeofwhichistoprovokefreshthought.tomakeawayoutofnowayTranslatethissentence?,,當(dāng)絕望的陰云密布，日子變得陰郁無望，當(dāng)夜晚變得比一千個(gè)深夜還要黑暗，讓我們謹(jǐn)記：天地之間有一種創(chuàng)造之力，能摧毀罪惡的高山，在無路之處開鑿坦途，能把黑暗的昨天幻化為光輝燦爛的明天。我們要懂得道義的蒼穹長又長，但它終將落向正義。,Proverb,Asamansows,soheshallreap.,